• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.276-284
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• 1973

An experiment, aimed at finding out the adhesive condition when adhesive non-woven fabrics for padding cloths are used for padding cloths of blouse, has been conducted. Materials used were three different kinds-scoured, sanforized, and permanent pressed- of combined fabrics of polyester and cotton. As for padding cloth material, mixed spinning nonwoven fabrics of polyster and viscose rayon have been used. Adhesive conditions were made each at $120^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$, respectively, and adhesive time has been limited to 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 seconds each. External appearance as well as quality have been watched through washing experiment. In case of 12$0^{\circ}C$, all experimental materials were separated at the seventh washing and as for $140^{\circ}C$, all but the material which has been attached on scoured cloth for 40 seconds were separated. In case of 20 seconds only permanent pressed cloth and sanforized cloth were separated. At 30 and 40 seconds, the adhesive conditions have been maintained up to the seventh washing. In case of 5 seconds $180^{\circ}C$it was not turned yellow, but all were separated. In case of 10, 20, 30 and 40 seconds, at above temperature all were turned yellow in the adhesive process. Therefore, the adhesive power could be said strong enough, though it was not very practical. In this experiment, the lower the temperature of iron is, the longer time it has to be touched. At higher temperature however, relatively short time makesn it possible for adhesion and depending upon the finishing methode of cloth, there is slight difference in adhesive power. As a result, the best adhesive condition for all experimental materials is $160^{\circ}C$of iron temperature, and the time of adhesion is between 30 and 40 seconds.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2013

Chemical compositions and biological functions of brown colorants extracted from pine bark(Pinus densiflora) have been studied. Dyeing test using multifiber fabrics with extracted colorants were preliminary carried out. Dyeing conditions and fastness tests of selected fabrics have been also studied. The brown colorants were produced 1.5% concentrations by solvent extraction from milled pine bark using methanol. The colorants were extracted with 80% methanol as best choice by a criteria of solid quantity and dyeability on fabrics. The chemical compositions were identified as mixtures of taxifolin epicatechin and procyanidin by LC/MS analysis. The brown colorants could be dyed not only natural fibers such as cotton, silk and wool but also synthetic fiber as nylon and semi-synthetic fiber as viscose rayon. Maximum K/S values was shown at 400 nm according to different fiber with color appearance of redish brown. Optimum pH and temperature of dyeing conditions was 4 and above $80^{\circ}C$, respectively. The brown colorants had a strong antioxidant activity compared to Butylated hydroxyanisole as standard and weak antimicrobial activity against E. coli. compared to kanamycin. Washing, rubbing, perspiration, dry cleaning and light fastness for cotton, nylon and silk dyed with the brown colorants were carried out by KS K method. Most of color fastness such as washing, rubbing, perspiration, and dry cleaning were represented as 4-5 grade. However, light fastness was reported as 2-3 grade. From this studies, brown colorants produced pine bark have a high potentials for natural dyeing on fabrics with antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1547-1554
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• 2015

The potential of microalgae biofuel has not been realized because of the low productivity and high costs associated with the current cultivation systems. In this study, a new low-cost and transparent attachment material was tested for cultivation of a filamentous algal strain, Stigeoclonium sp., isolated from wastewater. Initially, the different materials tested for Stigeoclonium cultivation in untreated wastewater were nylon mesh, polyethylene mesh, polypropylene bundle (PB), polycarbonate plate, and viscose rayon. Among the materials tested, PB led to a firm attachment, high biomass (53.22 g/m², dry cell weight), and total lipid yield (5.8 g/m²) with no perceivable change in FAME profile. The Stigeoclonium-dominated biofilm consisted of bacteria and extracellular polysaccharide, which helped in biofilm formation and for effective wastewater treatment (viz., removal efficiency of total nitrogen and total phosphorus corresponded to ~38% and ~90%, respectively). PB also demonstrated high yields under multilayered cultivation in a single reactor treating wastewater. Hence, this system has several advantages over traditional suspended and attached systems, with possibility of increasing areal productivity three times using Stigeoclonium sp. Therefore, multilayered attached growth algal cultivation systems seem to be the future cultivation model for large-scale biodiesel production and wastewater treatment.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 1990

This study was performed for the development of antimicrobial finished nonwoven fabrics with water repellency. And it was aimed to examine the changes of moisture related properties and air permeability of the finished fabrics. Viscose rayon nonwoven fabrics were treated with organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt having carbon numbers of 16, which was synthesized for this study Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by shake flask method and the reactivity of antimicrobial agent was measured by degree of luminescence from inductively coupled plasma. Water repellency of treated specimen was evaluated by dynamic water absorption measurement and air permeability was measured by Frazier method. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Excellent antimicrobial activity was obtained for the high concentration of treatment and the durability of finishing after laundering was better as the treatment concentration was higher 2. Silicon contents taken up by specimen increased with increased treatment concentration. 3. Dynamic water absortion of treated specimen decreased compared to that of untreated. And, it was lowered as the treatment of concentration increased and as the silicon content increased. 4. Moistuie regain and uptake with lapse of time of treated specimen increased compared to those of untreated. But, air permeability of treated specimen decreased.

• 청정기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 셀룰로오스계 부직포를 이용하여 상온에서 물에 녹는 카르복시메틸셀룰로오스(carboxymethylcellulose; CMC)를 합성하였다. 실험변수는 반응온도, 시간, 수산화나트륨(NaOH) 및 모노클로로아세트산(monochloroacetic acid; MCA)이다. 머서화(mercerization) 및 에테르화(etherification)할 때, 용해도와 치환도(degree of substitution ; DS)는 NaOH(또는, MCA)농도를 증가시키면서 최대 용해도와 치환도를 관찰하였다. 이때의 최대용해도와 치환도는 NaOH(또는, MCA)농도가 30%일 때 얻어졌다. 치환도를 볼 때, MCA농도의 영향은 NaOH농도에 비해 더 크게 나타났다. CMC섬유의 인장강도(Tensile strength; TS)에서는 효과적인 결과를 보였고, 반응시간, 시약농도와 반응온도에 따라 인장강도는 감소하였다. 그러나 인장강도의 큰 변화가 중성영역 부근에서 관찰되었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2000

식물섬유, 합성섬유 및 혼합섬유를 원료로 하여 3등급의 활성탄소섬유를 제조하고 미세기공 및 세공특성을 검토하였다. 제조한 활성탄소섬유의 흡착등온선은 모두 $20{\AA}$ 이하의 기공크기를 나타내는 Type I을 보였으며 미세기공 직경은 $5.6{\pm}0.3{\AA}$ 이내에서 최대 분포를 나타냈다. 활성탄소섬유의 질소 또는 아르곤 흡착에 의한 비표면적($S_{BET}$), 산화율, 액상 요오드흡착에 대한 상관 관계를 조사한 결과 비표면적이 $1600m^2g^{-1}$까지는 비표면적의 증가와 액상 요오드흡착량이 직선 관계를 나타냈으나 그 이상의 비표면적에서는 요오드 흡착량이 낮은 결과를 보이고, 비표면적이 증가할수록 제품의 burn-off가 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.282-292
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• 1993

Neurotoxicity in the workplace may occur with exposure to scores of chemicals. Although large acute outbreaks of the occupational neurological disease are rare, the incidence of occupational neurotoxicity in its subtler aspects is unknown. A working knowledge of both the major occupational neurotoxic solvents and the tools used by cliniical neurologists and neurotoxicologists to evaluate neurotoxicity in working populations is a necessity fur the occupational physician. To investigate the effects of carbon disulfide($CS_2$) on the peripheral nerve system using the nervous conduction study, 105 male workers working in the spinning room of a viscose rayon factory were examined and compared with a sex and age matched, unexposed 105 male controls using t-test analysis. 72.4% of $CS_2$-exposed workers complained of neurological symptoms, and the abnormal cases in nerve conduction study were 48.6%. The abnormal cases of nerve conduction study increased in number according as the age and duration of exposure increased. In this study, asymptomatic workers were confirmed to have subclinical neuropathy by nerve conduction study. Also as there were abnormal cases even in its duration of exposure below 4 years, nerve conduction study turned out to be ways of discovering of early peripheral neuropathy. In nerve conduction study, the amplitude, velocity, F-wave latency and H-reflex of the motor and sensory nerves in both upper and lower extremities were significant different between $CS_2$-exposed workers and the controls. From the pathological viewpoint, both segmental and axonal degenerations were assumed in this study.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

This study examined the cause of the phenomenon of shrinkage in machine-embroidered fabrics, specifically those made of thin and pliable fabrics. Four woven fabrics and two knitted fabrics were selected as samples for analysis. The fabrics selected were silk organza, flax linen, polyester chiffon, cotton batiste, polyester raschel mesh, and cotton jersey. The thickness and drapability of the fabrics were observed and the shrinkage of the various types of embroidered fabrics produced using satin & step stitch techniques were measured. Moreover, the correlation between the shrinkage of the machine-embroidered fabrics and the drapability of the original fabrics was analyzed. Also, the colorfastness of six embroidery yarns was determined. The results of the study are as follows: first, the shrinkage of machine-embroidered fabrics increased at a greater rate than in embroidered knitted fabrics as compared to rates in embroidered woven fabrics. Moreover, in terms of stitch techniques, there was a greater shrinkage rate when satin stitch was applied compared to step stitch. Second, the shrinkage rate of machine-embroidered fabrics decreased when a stabilizer was fused onto the fabric. The shrinkage rate also decreased for fabrics when fused with paper stabilizer compared to those without it, and the rate decreased at a greater amount with paper stabilizer as compared to alginate film. Third, since there was a strong correlation between the shrinkage rate of the embroidered fabric and the drapability ratio of the original fabric, it was generally the case that the more pliable the fabric was, the greater the shrinkage rate was when the fabric was embroidered. Fourth, while the embroidery yarns mainly used in machine-embroidery presented an overall excellent level of colorfastness, there was slight color migration of level 4 to level 5 when using viscose rayon.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2017

국립일제강제동원역사관에서 보존처리를 의뢰한 상의 2벌의 재질 분석을 실시하여 당시 의복의 특징을 파악하고, 보존처리를 위한 기초 데이터 구축을 목적으로 한다. 시료의 섬유 짜임 관찰을 위해 실체현미경을 사용하였다. 또한, 섬유 동정을 위해 푸리에변환 적외선 분광광도계(FT-IR), 전자현미경(SEM-EDS)을 이용하였다. 의복 A는 겨드랑이의 구멍, 문양이 있는 레이온제의 흰색 동정, 전체적으로 문양이 없는 소재 등으로 유추하여 보아 여성이 입었던 일본식 속옷 형식의 상의(半襦袢)로 보인다. 몸통 부분의 현미경 관찰 결과 단면 기공이 관찰되며 전체적으로 섬유 꼬임이 관찰 되며, 재질 분석 결과 면이었다. 흰색 동정은 섬유 길이 방향으로 세로선이 관찰되며 단면에 기공은 관찰되지 않으며 재질 분석 결과 레이온 이었다. 의복 B는 오사카 지창에서 검수하고 직인한 작업자용 상의로 보인다. 현미경 관찰 결과, 섬유 꼬임과 단면 기공이 관찰 되었으며, 재질 분석 결과 면이었다. 단추는 분석 결과 초기 플라스틱의 하나인 요소수지로 보인다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.84-107
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• 2018

첨모직은 표면에 짧은 파일이 나타나는 것으로 조선시대 후기에는 첨모직 깔개를 지칭하는 용어로 채담이 사용되었으며, 20세기 초에는 융전과 단통, 양탄자 등으로 불리었다. 조선 말기 이후의 여러 문헌이나 신문기사, 그리고 각종 사진자료를 통해 첨모직 깔개가 왕실뿐만 아니라 일반인도 사용하였고 당시 국내에서 제작하였다는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 조선 말기 이후의 첨모직 깔개 6점을 실물 조사하였는데 5점은 페르시아매듭의 컷파일이며 1점은 루프파일의 기법으로 제작되었다. 컷파일의 깔개는 크기가 가로 72~98 ${\times}$ 세로 150~156cm의 직사각형이며, 나비, 사슴, 호랑이, 그리고 십장생 등의 주 무늬를 중앙에 배치하고 卍자를 가장자리에 배치하였다. 컷파일의 소재는 지경사는 모두 면사이며 지위사는 3점은 면사, 1점은 모사, 그리고 1점은 면사와 비스코스레이온의 혼섬사이다. 지위사는 4점이 S꼬임의 실 여러 올을 합쳐 Z방향으로 합사한 실을 사용했다. 파일위사는 4~6가지의 색이 사용되었는데 홍색을 제외하고 모두 염색을 하지 않은 자연색 그대로의 모섬유가 사용되었다. 그리고 S나 Z꼬임의 모사를 2올 이상 합하여 반대방향으로 꼬임을 주었는데 굵기에 맞춰 올수를 합하였다. 깔개의 위아래 가장자리는 위사를 6올 이상 넣고 남은 지경사는 몇 올씩을 한데 묶어서 정리하였으며, 좌우 가장자리는 3올 이상의 면사를 가운데 놓고 수평으로 감아 마치 둥근 막대처럼 만들며, 가장자리에서 2~3번째 지경사를 징거서 튼튼하게 고정하였다. 루프파일은 경사방향으로 고리를 만든 경첨모직이며 지경사와 지위사는 면사, 파일경사는 모사로 추정된다. 소재의 성분 분석이 가능했던 깔개는 3점으로 파일위사는 판단이 불명한 것을 제외하고 염소와 비미종 양으로 판명되어 첨모직 깔개에 다양한 종류의 동물털이 사용되었을 가능성이 있다고 본다. 본 연구에서 조사한 6점의 깔개는 1800년대 말부터 1900년대 초에 제작되었다고 추정된다. 깔개의 정확한 제작지는 확인할 수 없었으나 당시 국내에서 첨모직 깔개를 제작하고 있다는 문헌기록과 깔개의 문양의 조형성을 고려한다면 우리나라에서 제작된 것으로 본다.