• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.281-284
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• 2002

Specific pathogen free (SPF) eggs have been used to produce live vaccines. however, their application causes many problems such as cost, space and waste disposal. The substitution of mammalian cells for SPF eggs offers a desirable system of vaccine production. In this study, mammalian cells were tested for the infection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). As a result, DF-I and MDBK cells showed high virus productivity compared to the other mammalian cells. For the highest productivity of NDV, the optimal multiplicity of infection (M.O.I.) in DF-I or MDBK cells was determined to be 0.2 or 0.5 M.O.I., respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.205-209
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• 2007

A protein chip based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging was developed for measuring classical swine fever virus (CSFV) antibody using a recombinant gp55 protein as an antigen. The diagnostic potential of SPR imaging for detecting antibodies to the CSFV gp55 protein was compared with that of a enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 70 pig sera. There was a strong positive correlation between the SPR imaging and ELISA (n=70, r=0.916, p<0.01). Therefore, the SPR imaging, which is a label-free and high-through put method, is expected to be a valuable tool in the serodiagnosis of CSFV.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 2011

Over the past few decades, our understanding of the epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has made enormous advances. Consequently, the treatment of HL has changed significantly, rendering this disease of the most curable human cancers. To date, about 80% of patients achieve long-term disease-free survival. However, therapeutic challenges still remain, particularly regarding the salvage strategies for relapsed and refractory disease, which need further identification of better prognostic markers and novel therapeutic schemes. Although the precise molecular mechanism by which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the generation of malignant cells present in HL still remains unknown, current increasing data on the role of EBV in the pathobiology of HL have encouraged people to start developing novel and specific therapeutic strategies for EBV-associated HL. This review will provide an overview of therapeutic approaches for acute EBV infection and the classical form of HL (cHL), especially focusing on EBV-associated HL cases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2003

Damages caused by infection with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and Lily symptomless virus (LSV) were assessed by comparing growth of plants produced from seeds of Lilium x fomolongi cultivar 'Noesan' both infected and free from infection with those viruses. Symptoms and infection rate were investigated in field-grown lily.Dominant viral infection symptom in the field was mottle on leaves, caused by natural infection with LMoV. Incidence of viral disease caused by mixed infection with two of LMoV, CMV and LSV in field-grown Lilium x fomolongi cultivars, reused for more than 6 years consecutively, was 80 percent. In comparison with healthy Lilium x fomolongi cultivar 'Noesan', plants doubly infected with CMV-Li1 and LMoV-Li diminished their plant height by 14 percent, fresh weight by 38 percent, and flower length by 15 percent. Lily plants singly infected with CMV-Li1 or LMoV-Li significantly reduced their freish weight by 21.8% and 28.4% compared to healthy plants, respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Maddin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with virus and/or treated with amantadine. On cell morphological findings, monolayer fractions in MDCK cells infected with virus were exfolated more than 80% in 1 TCID$_{50}$ group and that in 10 TCID$_{50}$ were completely exfolated after 3 days during infectious process. In proportion to the dose of amantadine, activities of GST and LDH of MDCK cells were significantly decreased and those of LDH in medium fraction were more significantly increased compared with control. According to in both dose and time of virus innoculation, activities of GST and LDH in MDCK cells were significantly decreased in 1 and 10 TCID$_{50}$ infected cells after 3 days. LDH activities in infectious medium were remarkably rised at 10 fold. In case of the cell line inoculated with type A 100 TCID$_{50}$ and additionally treated with amantadine, the decreasing rate to the control in activities of GST and LDH was lower than that in those in case of that infected with virus only. These results suggested that virus infection and amantadine treatment may effect the activity of the detoxicating enzyme in the target cells.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2016

The transcription cofactor Swi6 plays important roles in regulating vegetative growth and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functions of Swi6 ortholog were also characterized in Fusarium graminearum which is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we report possible role of FgSwi6 in the interaction between F. graminearum and Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) strain DK21. FgV1 perturbs biological characteristics of host fungi such as vegetative growth, sporulation, pigmentation, and reduction of the virulence (hypovirulence) of its fungal host. To characterize function(s) of FgSWI6 gene during FgV1 infection, targeted deletion, over-expression, and complementation mutants were generated and further infected successfully with FgV1. Deletion of FgSwi6 led to severe reduction of vegetative growth even aerial mycelia while over-expression did not affect any remarkable alteration of phenotype in virus-free isolates. Virus-infected (VI) FgSWI6 deletion isolate exhibited completely delayed vegetative growth. However, VI FgSWI6 over-expression mutant grew faster than any other VI isolates. To verify whether these different growth patterns in VI isolates, viral RNA quantification was carried out using qRT-PCR. Surprisingly, viral RNA accumulations in VI isolates were similar regardless of introduced mutations. These results provide evidence that FgSWI6 might play important role(s) in FgV1 induced phenotype alteration such as delayed vegetative growth.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.311-323
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• 2000

Immunosuppressive effects of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection in chickens were investigated. Primary antibody responses to Newcastle disease virus (strain B1) and sheep red blood cells were significantly low in chickens inoculated with the local isolate 89-74 of REV compared to those of uninfected chickens. In chickens infected with REV strain T or 89-74, blastogenesis of spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to concanavalin A (Con A) was severely suppressed. When specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with the isolate, the suppressive effect was observed up to 7 weeks of age while, in the contact infected chickens, the suppression was absent. Similar suppressive effects were observed in chickens inoculated with REV strain T at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age. When spleen cells or PBL from uninfected chickens were co-cultured with spleen cells or PBL from chickens infected with REV at 1 day-old or 2 week-old, the blastogenesis of the normal cells was suppressed. The suppressive effect of PBL from REV-infected chickens on normal lymphocytes was abrogated by the treatment with trypsin. However the suppressive activity of the REV-infected PBL was not influenced at removing machrophage from the cell suspension by incubation in plastic petri dishes. In addition to the immunosuppression, chickens infected with the REV isolate showed abnormal feather development (nakanuke), anemia, paralysis and retarded growth. Three out of 11 chickens inoculated with the isolate at day-old died between 6 and 9 weeks of age by bacterial infections.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2010

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) commonly infects cloven-hoofed livestock animals such as cattle, pig, sheep, and goat and its clinical signs are well-known. Besides livestock, FMD can be transmitted among cloven-hoofed animals in the wild. FMD mostly affects livestock animals in farms, but, wild animals are likely to play a pivotal role in spreading the disease due to their way of free living. In the case of deer, the clinical signs of FMD vary widely from subclinical to severe infections. Thus, in some deer species, it may be hard to verify clinical signs of FMD. A deer may carry the virus up to 11 weeks after exposure, shedding the virus during the period. However, deer is not considered as a typical host for persistent infection like buffalo, cattle or sheep. In Korea, small-scale livestock farms which have less than 10 animals make up 63.6% of the entire livestock farms. Considering raising environment in deer farms, it is assumed that the risk of virus excretion and consequent transmission of FMD among deers is relatively lower than other cloven-hoofed animals. However, Sika deer and Elk which are typical deer species in Korea would manifest mild to subclinical symptoms upon FMD infection. Therefore, laboratory testing is necessary to confirm FMD in these animals because of difficulty in verifying clinical signs and the risk of virus shedding during inapparent infection.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 2014

The structural proteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) consist of nucleocapsid protein C and envelope glycoprotein $E^{rns}$ (E0), E1 and E2. Among them, E2, the most immunogenic of the CSFV glycoproteins, induces a protective immune response in swine. In this study, to determine the optimal expression conditions of glycoprotein E2 using baculovirus system, we investigated the influence of insect cells and media to the expression of recombinant E2. Recombinant virus containing glycoprotein E2 coding gene was constructed with bApGOZA DNA. Expression of the glycoprotein E2 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using anti-CSFV E2 monoclonal antibodies. Expression of glycoprotein E2 in Sf21 cells was first observed after 3 days and reached a maximum on the 5th day after infection. Furthermore, the highest levels of glycoprotein E2 expression were observed at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5. When three different insect cell lines (Sf21, High-Five and Se301) were tested, High-Five cells showed the highest production. In addition, four different serum-free and serum-supplemented media, respectively, were tested for the expression of glycoprotein E2 and the budded virus (BV) titers. As a result, serum-supplemented medium provided the best conditions for protein production and the BV yield.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.303-309
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• 2013

This study was performed to clarify the effect of medium compositions and plant growth regulators on the shoot, root formation and growth of 'Jarang' grape for mass propagation of virus-free plant. The formation and growth of shoot were considerably favorable in half-concentration of MS medium. However, the formation of adventitious root per explants (avg. 2.1) was effective in higher concentration (two times) of MS medium. For sucrose concentration, 1% for the shoot formation, 3% for the adventitious root formation and 1% for the growth were observed as yield significant results. With the addition of 0.05% of activated carbon, the shoot growth was improved, and it was effective for the adventitious root formation and growth as well. A pH of 6.8 in the medium was the most suitable for mass propagation; the results showed significant enhancement in the number of nodes and the length of the shoot, 3.9 and 1.3 cm, respectively. The shoot growth was the most vigorous in BA 1.0 mg/L due to the impact of the growth regulator on the mass propagation in it. Consequently, 16.9 shoots per explant were formed in NAA 1.0 mg/L so good results were obtained.