• 식물병연구
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.137-148
• /
• 2021

식물 RNA 바이러스는 전세계적으로 작물 생산량에 큰 손실을 일으키는 주요 병원체 중 하나로, RNA 바이러스가 갖는 특징인 짧은 복제 주기, 게놈 복제 중의 높은 변이 발생률 등으로 인해 높은 유전적 다양성과 적응성을 가지며 진화해 왔다. 식물 RNA 바이러스는 유전적 다양성을 갖는 유사종 군집으로 존재하며, 환경 변화에 따른 선택압으로 새로운 적합성을 갖는 군집으로의 변천이 빠르게 일어날 수 있다. 식물의 저항성은 일종의 선택압으로 작용하여 바이러스의 적합성에 영향을 미치며, 이는 기주의 저항성을 극복하는 변이 바이러스의 출현으로 이어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 식물 RNA 바이러스에 대한 진화적 관점 및 진화의 원동력을 소개하고, 이를 바탕으로 식물 저항성을 극복하는 변이 바이러스의 출현 기작을 다루고자 한다. 또한 바이러스병에 대한 저항성 전개 및 내구성 향상을 위한 전략에 대해 논하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2006

Potato plants carrying the Ry gene are extremely resistance to a number of potyviruses, but it is not known which variety expressed the resistance. In this investigation, combined classical and molecular techniques were used to identify virus resistance potatoes. Mechanical inoculation of 32 varieties of Korean potato cultivars, with potato virus Y (PVY), induced various symptoms, such as mosaic, yellowing, necrosis, mottle, vein clearing and vein bending. Different virus spreading patterns were observed, such as highly sensitive, moderate and resistant to $PVY^o$ inoculated leaves in different cultivars. From the results of double antibody sandwich-enzyme links immunosorbant assays (DAS-ELISA), coupled with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Winter valley and Golden valley were found to be highly susceptible and resistant cultivars to $PVY^o$ respectively. TEM was used as a complementary method to conform the localization of the virus in leaf tissues. TEM detect virus particles in Golden valley, where, ELISA and RT-PCR were unable to detect the CP gene. However, the interior part of the tissues was severely deformed in $PVY^o$ infected Winter valley, than Golden valley The Ry gene is involved in an induced response in $PVY^o$ infected Golden valley plants. The methods described in this study could be applied for the screening and development of antiviral potatoes.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.336-344
• /
• 2011

Using the abundant available information about the tomato genome, we developed DNA markers that are linked to disease resistant loci and performed marker-assisted selection (MAS) to construct multi-disease resistant lines and varieties. Resistance markers of Ty-1, T2, and I2, which are linked to disease resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and Fusarium wilt, respectively, were developed in a co-dominant fashion. DNA sequences near the resistance loci of TYLCV, ToMV, and Fusarium wilt were used for primer design. Reported candidate markers for powdery mildew-resistance were screened and the 32.5Cla marker was selected. All four markers (Ty-1, T2, I2, and 32.5Cla) were converted to cleavage amplification polymorphisms (CAPS) markers. Then, the CAPS markers were applied to 96 tomato lines to determine the phenetic relationships among the lines. This information yielded clusters of breeding lines illustrating the distribution of resistant and susceptible characters among lines. These data were utilized further in a MAS program for several generations, and a total of ten varieties and ten inbred lines were constructed. Among four traits, three were introduced to develop varieties and breeding lines through the MAS program; several cultivars possessed up to seven disease resistant traits. These resistant trait-related markers that were developed for the tomato MAS program could be used to select early stage seedlings, saving time and cost, and to construct multi-disease resistant lines and varieties.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.360-363
• /
• 2006

Efficacy of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) Bacillus vallismortis strain EXTN-1 has been proved in eliciting induced systemic resistance(ISR) in several crops. The present paper described the beneficial effects of EXTN-1 in potato as increase in yield and chlorophyll content, and plant protection against Potato Virus Y and X(PVY & PVX). EXTN-1 induced systemic resistance to the plants resulting in significant disease suppression in the field. Also the plants under treatment with EXTN-1 had higher chlorophyll content. The bacterized plants had significantly higher yields over the untreated control plants. The strain induced activation of defense genes, PR-1a and PDF 1.2 in transgenic tobacco model, which indicated the possible role of both SA, and JA pathways in EXTN-1 mediated plant protection against crop diseases.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2001

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) resistance of Korean recommended soybeans was evaluated naturally and by mechanical inoculation in Suwon. Based on the differential reaction of forty-four soybean genotypes tested to nine different SMV strains, soybeans were classified into twenty-four groups. Myeongjunamulkong and Ilpumgeom-jeongkong showed a high degree of resistance to nine SMV strains, having no symptom. The other cultivars produced various reactions according to inoculation of each SMV strain: symptomless, mosaic or systemic necrosis. Only five cultivars such as Kwangankong, Eunhakong, Tawonkong, Namhaekong, Sobaegnamulkong were totally susceptible to every strain. There was variation in disease incidence. Soybeans, having the highest levels of resistance to G5H and G7H in the greenhouse, showed the lowest levels of SMV incidence in the field of Suwon. Myeong-junamulkong, Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Soyangkong, Pungsannamulkong, Sodamkong, Jangmikong, Geomjeong-kong2, Pureunkong, Sinpaldalkong2, Duyoukong, and Geumgangkong were fairly resistant to SMV. And SMV incidence of Taekwangkong, Saealkong and Baegunkong was over 45% with symptom of bud necrosis. And soybeans, highly resistant to SMV in the field and the greenhouse, were mainly derived from Jangyeobkong and Hwang-keumkong resistant to G1-G7.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회지
• /
• pp.60-61
• /
• 2000

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.49-61
• /
• 2019

식물 바이러스는 작물 생산량 손실을 일으키는 주요 병원체 중 하나로, 돌연변이 발생이 빈번하고 치료 약제가 개발되어 있지 않아 방제가 매우 어렵다. 이러한 바이러스병을 방제하기 위한 가장 효과적인 방법은 저항성 품종을 재배하는 것이며, 바이러스 저항성 품종을 개발하기 위해서는 바이러스와 기주 식물 간의 다양한 유전자적 상호작용에 대한 정확한 이해가 필요하다. 열성 저항성은 병원체가 살아가는데 필요한 식물 유전자가 결핍되었을 때 획득되는데, 저항성 유전자(R gene)에 의해 유도되는 우성 저항성에 비해 넓은 범위의 저항성을 발현하고 돌연변이 출현에 쉽게 저항성이 깨지지 않는 특성을 보인다. 현재까지 알려진 바이러스병에 대한 열성 저항성 유전자는 대부분 순행유전학(forward genetics)를 통해 밝혀졌으나, 최근 CRISPR/Cas9 등을 이용한 유전자 교정 기술의 급속한 발전에 힘입어 역유전학(reverse genetics)을 통한 열성 저항성 작물개발의 가능성이 열리고 있다. 이러한 역유전학적 접근을 통한 열성 저항성 작물 개발은 먼저 바이러스 단백질과 상호작용하는 기주 인자를 밝히고 이들간의 상호작용을 억제하도록 하는 기주 인자에 대한 유전자 교정을 통해 이루어 질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 열성 저항성에 대한 소개와 새로운 열성 저항성 후보 유전 소재 발굴을 위한 기주 인자 연구의 중요성 및 방법을 소개하고, 열성 저항성 작물 개발에 적용할 수 있는 유전자 교정기술의 최신 동향에 관해 정리하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 1997

The two viruses of barley yellow mosaic(BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) were detected by ELISA from barley plants with virus-like symptoms which were collected from 16 locations in southern Korea, during 1995 and 1996. Both viruses occurred in southern Korea. Barley plants at Chongdo and Koseong were infected with BaMMV, while those infected with BaYMV were at Kurye and Taegu. After sowing 50 barley cultivars at habitually infected fields in 10 locations, the susceptibility and resistance to BaYMV and BaMMV were screened with antiserum tests. The cultivars of Albori, Alchanbori, Daejinbori, Jokangbori, Milyangbori, Boeunkwamek, Naehanssalbori, Olssalbori, Weossalbori, Dusan 29 and Deogndohyangchonkwa showed positive reaction to BaYMV antiserum, while Saeolbori, Chalbori, Jinjukwa and Baegjinkwa showed positive reaction to BaMMV. Nonsankwa 1-6 and wheat cultivars of Chongkeymil, Dahongmil, Grumil, Urimil, Jochonhomil, Sinkeyhomil showed negative reactions to both viruses. The rest cultivars were infected both with BaYMV and BaMMV. Sap inoculations to barleyplants with the two viruses of BaYMV isolated in Haenam and BaMMV isolated at National Honam Agricultural Station, expressed lower infection rate than those grown in the virus-infected fields.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.260-265
• /
• 2007

Testing a large number of samples from field monitoring and routine indexing is cumbersome and the available virus detection tools were labor intensive and expensive. To circumvent these problems we established tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) method an alternative detection tool to detect Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) infection in the field and greenhouse inoculated plants for monitoring and routine indexing applications, respectively. Initially, leaf and stem were tested to determine suitable plant tissue for direct blotting on nitrocellulose membrane. The dilutions of antibodies were optimized for more efficient and economical purposes. Results showed that stem tissue was more suitable for direct blotting for it had no background that interferes in the reaction. Therefore, this technique was referred as direct stem blot immunoassay or DSBIA, in this study. Re-used diluted (1:1000) antiserum and conjugate up to 3 times with the addition of half strength amount of concentrated antibodies was more effective in detecting the virus. The virus blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane from stem tissues kept at room temperature for 3 days were still detectable. The efficiency of DSBIA and RT-PCR in detecting BaMMV and BaYMV were relatively comparable. Results further proved that DSBIA is a rapid, reliable and economical detection method suitable for monitoring BaMMV and BaYMV infection in the field and practical method in indexing large scale of barley materials for virus resistance screening.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 1989

Reciprocal crosses were conducted between three strains of Taiwan Country chickens, developed in the National Chung-Hsing University, and two strains of Single Comb White Leghorns, developed in the Taiwan Livestock Research Institute. Traits studied were growing performances, laying performances, egg quality traits and traits concerning disease resistance, including resistance to Marek's disease virus and immune responses to Newcastle disease virus vaccine and to sheep red blood cell. Results indicated that laying performances of Taiwan country chickens were much inferior to White Leghorns, but they matured earlier, their eggs had better shell strength and larger proportion of yolk, and their general disease resistance was much better than White Leghorns. Heterosis were found in laying performances and egg quality traits. The heterosis in laying traits was so large that the hybrid laid as many eggs and as large eggs as did pure strains of White Leghorns. Strategies on the improvement of native chickens and the utilization of genetic merits of native chickens were also discussed.