• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-75
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• 1974

Transovarial transmission of cytoplamic polyhedrosis virus in the silkworm was studied by observing the phenomena of induction, interference and virulence enhancement in the larvae from moths inoculated with hexagonal Polyhedra of cytoplasmic polythedrosis virus. The experimental results obtained are as followings. 1. The effect of inoculation with tetragonal polyhedra of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus on the rate of infective induction with hexagonal polyhedron virus and with hexagonal plus tetragonal polyhedron viruses in the larvae from moths infected with hexagonal polyhedron virus was studied. Infection rate was higher by 40 to 60 percent in the larvae from infected female group than in tile larvae from noninfected female group. 2. In the studies of the effect of formalin-feeding on the induction of infection with hexagonal polyhedron virus, infection rate was higher by 40 percent in the larvae from infected female group than in the larvae from noninfected female group. However, there was no significant difference in the infection rates between the two formalin-concentration groups. 3. The effect of cold treatment on the induction of infection with hexagonal polyhedron virus was studied. Infection rate was higher by 50 percent in the larvae from infected female group than ill the larvae from noninfected female group. No difference was found in the infection rates of the two treatment groups of 12 and 48 hours. 4. The phenomena of induction and interference were studied by observing rate of infection with hexagonal polyhedron virus induced by the inoculation with tetragonal polyhedron virus. The degree of interference of primary hexagonal polyhedron virus by secondary tetragonal Ployhedron virus was increased as the dosage of secondary virus was increased. At the concentration of 1${\times}$10$\^$8/m1 of the secondary virus, the degree of interference was similar to. that of control group. On the other hand, infection with tetragonal polyhedron virus at low concentration was interfered by the primary virus. At the concentration of 1N10f/m1 of tetragonal polyhedron virus, however, the rate of infection with tetragonal polyhedron virus was increased sharply, which is still lower by 30 percent than that of control group. 5. In the studies of induction and virulence enhancement, based on the 1ate of mixed infection with hexagonal and tetragonal polyhedron viruses, the highest difference of infection rate between experimental group and control group exceeded 40 percent when the concentration of tetragonal polyhedron virus was 1${\times}$10$\^$7/m1. However, the infection rate of control group was not affected by concentrations of tetragonal polyhedron virus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 2016

Salmonella spp. are gram-negative flagellated bacteria that cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals, ranging from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic infection. To explore development of a potent vaccine against Salmonella infections, the gene encoding outer membrane protein L (ompL) was inserted into the swinepox virus (SPV) genome by homologous recombination. PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays were used to verify the recombinant swinepox virus rSPV-OmpL. The immune responses and protection efficacy of rSPV-OmpL were assessed in a mouse model. Forty mice were assigned to four groups, which were immunized with rSPV-OmpL, inactive Salmonella (positive control), wild-type SPV (wtSPV; negative control), or PBS (challenge control), respectively. The OmpL-specific antibody in the rSPV-OmpL-immunized group increased dramatically and continuously over time post-vaccination, and was present at a significantly higher level than in the positive control group (p < 0.05). The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4, which represent Th1-type and Th2-type cytokine responses, were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the rSPV-OmpL-vaccinated group than in the other three groups. After intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal dose of Salmonella typhimurium CVCC542, eight out of ten mice in the rSPV-OmpL-vaccinated group were protected, whereas all the mice in the negative control and challenge control groups died within 3 days. Passive immune protection assays showed that hyperimmune sera against OmpL could provide mice with effective protection against challenge from S. typhimurium. The recombinant swinepox virus rSPV-OmpL might serve as a promising vaccine against Salmonella infection.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.11-23
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• 2004

It is easy to access to the infinity information and programs, but it gives rise to the side effect. There are many side effects(ex. Hacking, Cracking, expose the personal information, etc). Nowadays, the computer virus raise the serious problems. The making program called Vaccine is work out a count measure. The Anti-Virus programs install on the client side computer and upgrade by downloading on the server's signature, the latest date, the program bound both of them is shown, but these programs have the defect that they have no remote control and no signature update because user's unconcern, This paper reported the research of existing virus infecting technology and the development of Web based Anti-Virus Scanner using the remote control on the internet server. Through this paper, I want to set up the counter measure for new virus easily, and to make more fast the vaccine for virus.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.346-349
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• 2018

In 2015, rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was implemented in all 25 public health centers in Seoul. During March and December 2015, 20,987 rapid HIV tests were performed, of which 116 (0.5%) were positive. Compared to those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test in place of conventional enzyme immunoassay method, the number of HIV tests performed and the number of positive results increased by sevenfold and twofold, respectively. In conclusion, expansion of the provision of rapid HIV tests in public health centers increased the number of voluntary HIV tests.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.95-112
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• 2005

This work concerns the stabilization of uninfected steady state of an ordinary differential equation system modeling the interaction of the HIV virus and the immune system of the human body. The control variable is the drug dose, which, in turn, affects the rate of infection of $CD4^{+}$ T cells by HIV virus. The feedback controller is constructed by a variant of the receding horizon control (RHC) method. Simulation results are discussed.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.133-136
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• 1995

HRccine(HFRS-virus vaccine) was administered subcutaneously or intragastrically to Spargue Dawley rats and subcutaneously to Japanese white rabbits to investigate the acute toxicity. $LD_50$ values were above 600 times the expected clinical dose in both animals. There were no differences in body weight changes, clinical signs and autopsy findings between all treated groups and control group in both animals. Therefore, it was concluded that HRccine is a very safe substance.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.87.1-87.12
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• 2021

Background: African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are still prevalent in many regions of China. Co-infections make it difficult to distinguish their clinical symptoms and pathological changes. Therefore, a rapid and specific method is needed for the differential detection of these pathogens. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex qRT-PCR) for the simultaneous differential detection of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV. Methods: Three pairs of primers and TaqMan probes targeting the ASFV p72 gene, CSFV 5' untranslated region, and PRRSV ORF7 gene were designed. After optimizing the reaction conditions, including the annealing temperature, primer concentration, and probe concentration, multiplex qRT-PCR for simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV was developed. Subsequently, 1,143 clinical samples were detected to verify the practicality of the assay. Results: The multiplex qRT-PCR assay could specifically and simultaneously detect the ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV with a detection limit of 1.78 × 10⁰ copies for the ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV, but could not amplify the other major porcine viruses, such as pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), PCV2, PCV3, foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine parvovirus, atypical porcine pestivirus, and Senecavirus A. The assay had good repeatability with coefficients of variation of intra- and inter-assay of less than 1.2%. Finally, the assay was used to detect 1,143 clinical samples to evaluate its practicality in the field. The positive rates of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV were 25.63%, 9.36%, and 17.50%, respectively. The co-infection rates of ASFV+CSFV, ASFV+PRRSV, CSFV+PRRSV, and ASFV+CSFV+PRRSV were 2.45%, 2.36%, 1.57%, and 0.17%, respectively. Conclusions: The multiplex qRT-PCR developed in this study could provide a rapid, sensitive, specific diagnostic tool for the simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.821-831
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• 2022

American plum line pattern virus (APLPV), a member of the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae, is one of the plant quarantine pathogens in Korea. In this study, 15 candidate primer sets were designed and examined to develop a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for plant quarantine inspection of APLPV. Using APLPV-infected and healthy samples, the primer sets were assessed for APLPV detection. To confirm the occurrence of nonspecific reactions, six ilarviruses (Apple mosaic virus, Asparagus virus 2, Blueberry shock virus, Prune dwarf virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, and Tobacco streak virus) and 10 target plants (Prunus mume, P. yedoensis, P. persica, P. armeniaca, P. dulcis, P. tomentosa, P. avium, P. glandulosa, P. salicina, and P. cerasifera) were examined. Finally, two primer sets were selected. These primer sets could generate the expected amplicons even with at least 1 ng of the total RNA template in concentration-dependent amplifications. In addition, a positive clone was developed for use as a positive control in the abovementioned RT-PCR assay.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

Evaluations were made for the effects of cheese whey treatment on infection of pepper plants by cucumber mosaic virus-Vch (CMV-Vch) and pepper mottle virus-Kr (PepMoV-Kr). In a greenhouse, pepper plants sprayed with whey, prior to inoculation by CMV-Vch using aphids, showed a viral infection rate significantly lower (6.6%) than for the control (23.3%). In an open field experiment, in which CMV infection relied on natural transmission by aphids, pepper plants were sprayed with undiluted whey once a week, starting on the transplanting date (May 2) to the end of June. On June 5, these whey-sprayed plants showed a CMV infection rate reduced by 18.9% and 16.7%, compared to untreated and pesticide-treated plants, respectively. In the greenhouse, pepper plants inoculated with PepMoV-Kr mixed with whey showed a viral infection rate decreased by 60% compared to the control. The accumulated amount of PepMoV-Kr coat protein was less than that for the virus-only control at 6 days post inoculation (dpi), but increased up to a similar level as the control at 9 dpi. This study showed that cheese whey is effective in reducing infection of both CMV and PepMoV in pepper plants.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-81
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• 1976

Experiments on the disinfection of the silkworm larvae by the application of Neo-PPS fumigation have been carried out for the control of virus diseases. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The disinfection of 2, 4 and 6 hours'fumigation with Neo-PPS (para-formaldehyde) showed an outstanding effect on the inactivation of the both viruses, nuclear polyhedrosis virus and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, without significance in the 2. 4. and 6 hours' treatment.