• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.429-441
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the interrelations among snack preference, purchasing behavior and intake of fifth and sixth grade students in elementary schools in Gyeongnam province. Frequency of snack intake was the highest in those who reported 'once a day' (45.6%) snack habit. Longer-time television viewers also showed higher frequency of snack intake than shorter-time viewers. Thirty-three percent of students purchased snacks by themselves and the frequency of snack purchasing had a significant positive relationship with TV watching time (p < 0.01). The main reason, place and time of eating snacks were 'hunger' (79.2%), their home environment (50.9%) and 'after school hours' (89.7%). The favorite snack was 'ice cream' and, this snack habit was significantly different by gender of the child (p < 0.01) and TV watching time (p < 0.01). 'Milk and dairy products' scored highest (3.47) in snack intake frequency among longer-time TV viewers (> 2hr) compared to shorter-time TV viewers and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The snack preference score was correlated positively (r = 0.454) with the intake frequency for snack and its explanation power ($R^2$) was 20.5%. With regard to snack purchase behaviors, the scores of 'checking the expiration date' and 'comparing the price with similar products' were high (in what group?). Female students (p < 0.001) and shorter-time TV viewers (< 2hr) (p < 0.01) had a more reasonable purchasing behavior. The total score of preference was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in shorter-timeTV viewers (< 2hr). In the correlation between snack purchasing behaviors and intake frequency, attractiveness (r = 0.208, p < 0.001) and preference (r = 0.330, p < 0.001) showed significant positive correlations. The result of regression analysis, preference only was selected ($R^2$= 0.108).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2002

When we research a landscape or make a Landscape Impact Assessment, we use the image of a specific season like summer or fall. Since there are four distinct seasons, each with a different landscape, researchers need to understand viewers′visual preferences for individual seasonal landscapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate viewers′visual preferences according to seasonal change and the respondent′s age, gender and profession. In this research, the independent variable is season: suing, summer, fall, winter and snowy winter. Three landscape types used in the experiment: forest, street and agriculture. Each landscape type has two sites for reliability. The assessment media for this research are pictures featuring landscapes taken in each of the four seasons. The study used the "paired comparison" method for taking the score of visual preference. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The summer landscape has the highest visual preference score. However, spring and fall landscapes should also be considered for visual landscape evaluation. 2. The visual preference of winter landscape covered with snow is very high, but since snow is temporal and irregular, it is difficult to consider this factor for visual landscape evaluation. 3. The visual preference score of winter is the lowest of four seasons. The attractive factors of spring are flowers, summer is greenery and fall is autumnal tints. But these are not present in winter. 4. The result of visual preferences according to age groups, gender and profession have no serious differences. 5. Visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by age group was not different from general preference and thus was concluded to have no connection with age. 6. As a result from the research of visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by sex, women were shown to like snow-scene more than men. This study presents an indication of general preferences of seasonal landscapes. It is expected that more advanced study will proceed after this one.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.230-240
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• 2011

The personality types has been emphasized as one of the influential factors for the program selection by viewers in the multi-channel and multimedia era. However, there have been few empirical studies on this issue. The current study investigated how the audience personality influence the program preference. Specifically, this study focused on both need for cognition and sensation seeking which are related to the television viewing motivation. To examine the influence of personality on program preference, four types of drama and five types of entertainment programs were used. The results of the web survey showed that viewers personality type seem to have effect on their program preference. Indeed, it appeared that there was positive relationship between need for cognition and sensation seeking. The implications of this study's findings were discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Purpose: Researchers have shown that aesthetic judgments of artworks depend on contexts, such as the authenticity of an artwork (Newman & Bloom, 2011) and an artwork's location of display (Kirk et al., 2009; Silveira et al., 2015). The present study aims to examine whether contextual information related to the creator, such as whether an artwork was created by a human or artificial intelligence (AI), influences viewers' preference judgments of an artwork. Methods: Images of Impressionist landscape paintings were selected as human-made artworks. AI-made artwork stimuli were created using Google's Deep Dream Generator by mimicking the Impressionist style via deep learning algorithms. Participants performed a preference rating task on each of the 108 artwork stimuli accompanied by one of the two creator labels. After this task, an art experience questionnaire (AEQ) was given to participants to examine whether individual differences in art experience influence their preference judgments. Results: Setting AEQ scores as a covariate in a two-way ANCOVA analysis, the stimuli with the human-made context were preferred over the stimuli with the AI-made context. Regarding the types of stimuli, the viewers preferred AI-made stimuli to human-made stimuli. There was no interaction effect between the two factors. Conclusion: These results suggest that preferences for visual artworks are influenced by the contextual information of the creator when the individual differences in art experience are controlled.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

This study attempts to grasp the correlation between the image of bridges and bridge landscapes with their surroundings during day and nighttime viewing, and to understand the psychological influence of nighttime lighting through quantitative analysis. In addition, it presents a design to construct bridges in order to increase viewers enjoyment of bridge landscapes lit at night. To attain this objective and contrive generalization of the results, this paper selects 8 of 9 bridges with lightings in Seoul and excludes bridges constructed by 2004. The criteria for selection of the viewpoints is that each must be within easy reach of bridges, and must allow viewers to recognize surrounding landscape details both in daylight and at night. As well, the pictures of bridges are taken in the terraced land by the riverside. The study selects 16 pictures, judged to be of similar quality and angle, to establish the conditions of luminosity, color, definition and angle. The results are as follows. First, viewers preferences of night landscapes are higher than day landscapes due to the effect of lighting. By day, viewers preferred bridges with various structures such as cable-stayed bridges and arch bridges more than simple bridges like girder bridges. Viewers also indicated preferences for lightings which feature a unique color and which are harmonized with their surroundings. Second, components representing the images of bridge landscape are classified into three types, 'beauty', 'system' and 'agreeableness'. Third, the factors affecting preference are the shape of bridge by day and lighting at night. Esthetic appeal is the most important factor in visual preference so each bridges own esthetic appeal and surroundings must be considered. Thus, a complete plan must be created which considers safety, beauty and the local surroundings. In addition, when the lighting of a bridge is selected, the design of the bridge landscape must consider various lighting schemes to harmonize the upper and lower parts of the structure. At this point, the study reveals the basic elements of bridge planning in order to increase appreciation of the bridge landscape.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1143-1146
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• 2007

We carried out the human visual evaluation on PDPs and LCDs to clarify the viewer preference and the related physical and physiological factors. In the subjective evaluation, the impression test using the semantic differential method was carried out. In the objective evaluation, the eye motion tracking system was used. Our study showed that considering the real usage, the optimum display for viewers was that which showed more soft and smooth image without blurring.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.183-189
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• 2020

The objective of this research was to provide an objective and scientific basis for the effect of mid-advertising on viewers' rights by conducting an empirical study on how mid-program advertising affects viewer satisfaction and interest from the viewers' perspective. The experiment was conducted on 210 subjects to investigate the difference between viewers' interest in the program and purchase intention price. The results did not support the hypothesis that advertisements inserted in the middle of television programs would affect the dependent variables. The theoretical and practical implications of the mid-program advertisements on the interests of viewers were discussed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.211-221
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• 2008

Animation programs are regarded as bad genre in the aspect of advertisement revenues due to relative low viewing ratios. But programming of animation can be considered positively in the aspect of channel loyalty and preference. This study is based on the assumption that if the scheduling of animation genres could bring out the improvement of channel image of broadcasting stations in the long term, the terrestrial broadcasters could reconsider the increase of animation programs. The research questions of this study are as follows: 1. What is the relationship between the programming ratio of animation genres and the concentration of viewing patterns? 2. How has the increase of animation programming influenced the channel image of broadcasters? 3. Why is it necessary to increase of reinforce the programming of animation genre in the new media platforms? The teenagers aged from 8 to 14 can generally make a decision which program they want to watch. Likewise, the adult viewers aged from 30 to 40 can make a selection which commodity they want to buy. The results of this study indicate that the adult viewers have showed the strong preference for the same broadcasting stations which they have been exposed to in their teenages. This result implies that in the new media environment, animation genre can lead the viewers' loyally and preference for the broadcasting channel for a long period.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.445-450
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• 2023

This study analyzed the factors that viewers consider when watching anime on Over The Top(OTT) service platforms and the characteristics of each type of preference, which are the components of anime preference. To this end, the survey data of 240 animation major students were used for analysis, and the conclusions drawn through frequency analysis and cross-tabulation of IBM SPSS Statistics 27 are as follows. Netflix is the OTT service platform that viewers use the most, and TV series are the most preferred for animation works. In addition, it was found that Netflix OTT original animation works were preferred over other platforms, and long-form animation preferred Disney+. Among the characteristics of each type of animation preference, it was found that the factors considered when watching animation in terms of narrative value, aesthetic value, and entertainment value respectively value the structure, screen production, and immersion of the storyline. It is hoped that this study will be used as useful data for producing animation contents with the OTT service platform.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.399-417
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• 1999

Viewers have always switched channels and they have selected by turning away from the TV and returning to the set when the content seemed more amusing. Also, people usually watch television with their family members and thus the experience of viewing is embedded uniquely in ongoing processes of family interaction. In other words, people develop patterns and habits through the act of viewing together. As viewing with family members is the most frequent mode of media exposure, the context of family viewing needs to be thoroughly examined if we are to understand the family's use of television. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic nature of television viewing behavior. With the people meter's second-by-second viewing information, first we analyze who, when, and why viewers change channels. The ensuing reduction of advertising impact due to zapping will be investigated as well. Then the focus will be shifted to the dynamic interaction of coviewing among family members. In order to further explore the in-depth nature of television viewing, actual viewing information should be cross-analyzed with respect to both demographic and psychographic variables. In this study we surveyed individual characteristics such as television watching patterns, program type preference, attitude toward commercials, channel control intensity, and personalities. We have demonstrated that the results of an meticulus analysis of survey data provide valuable insights into the dynamics of television viewing among family members.