• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.466-469
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• 2007

Heat pumps are used for air-conditioning systems in commercial buildings, schools, and factories because of low operating and maintenance costs. These systems use the earth as a heat source in heating mode and a heat sink in cooling mode. Ground heat exchangers are classified by a horizontal type and vertical type according to the installation method. A horizontal type means that a heat exchanger is laid in the trench bored in 1.2 to 1.8 m depth. And a vertical type is usually constructed by placing small diameter high density polyethylene tube in a vertical borehole. Vertical tube sizes range from 20 to 40 mm nominal diameter. Borehole depth range between 100 and 200 m depending on local drilling conditions and available equipment. In this study, to evaluate the performance of single u-tube with bentonite grouting, single u-tube with broken stone grouting and double n-tube bentonite grouting of vertical ground heat exchangers, test sections are buried on the earth and experimental apparatus is installed. Therefore the heat transfer performance and pressure loss of these are estimated.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.100-117
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• 2010

This study aimed to provide the Korean apparel companies trying to localize their business in the Chinese markets with some data about Chinese young women's body types useful to the development of the apparel designs fitting the Chinese consumers. To this end, the adult women aged between 19 and 25 living in Beijing, Shanghai and Korea were sampled, and thereby, their body sizes and types were measured. All in all, the results of this study confirmed that Korean and Chinese women in the early 20s had similar vertical body sizes but different horizontal body sizes. In addition, the body types were different between Beijing and Shanghai women groups.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2010

연구 목적: $\beta$-Tricalcium phosphate/Hydroxyapatite ($\beta$-TCP/HA) 입자가 혼합된 합성 골 이식재의 particle size가 토끼의 두개골에서 타이타늄 메쉬를 이용해 시행된 골유도 재생술의 결과에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 여섯 마리의 수컷 뉴질랜드 산 백토끼 (5 kg)를 이용하여 실험 하였다. 토끼 두개골의 정 중앙을 절개하고 전층 판막을 형성하여 박리하였다. 두개골의 네 부위에 6 mm 직경의 트레핀 바 (XTP 5406; Dentium, Seoul, Korea)로 원형의 홈을 형성한 후 blood supply를 위해 원형의 홈안에 1 mm 직경의 라운드 바로 다섯 개의 작은 구멍을 형성하였다. 형성된 네 개의 홈 위에 표준화되어 맞춤 제작된 반구형 타이타늄 메쉬 (높이 3 mm, 직경 6 mm; Dentium, Seoul, Korea)를 위치시키고 세 개의 2 mm 길이의 티타늄 핀 (Dentium, Seoul, Korea)을 이용하여 고정하였다. 대조군은 이식재를 포함시키지 않았고 나머지 타이타늄 메쉬들은 실험군으로서 서로 다른 세 가지 크기의 이식재를 각각 담아서 고정하였다. 이식재 ($Osteon^{(R)}$, Dentium, Seoul, Korea)의 성분은 HA와 $\beta$-TCP ($\beta$-TCP/HA)가 혼합되어 있는 합성골 이식재이며 실험군으로 사용한 이식재의 크기는 각각 small (0.3 - 0.5 mm), medium (0.5 - 1.0 mm), large (1.0 - 2.0 mm) size 였다. 8주의 치유기간 후에 토끼를 희생시킨 후 조직 표본을 제작하고 CCD 카메라 (Polaroid DMC2 digital Microscope Camera (Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA))가 부착되어 있는 광학 현미경 (Olympus BX, Tokyo, Japan)을 이용하여 두 가지 배율 (12.5배, 40배)로 조직학적 소견을 관찰하였다. 신생 골부위와 남은 골이식재 부위의 넓이를 측정하여 타이타늄 메쉬 내부 공간에서 차지하는 면적의 비율(%)을 구하였다. 그 수치들을 Mann-Whitney U-test와 Wilcoxon signed rank-test를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다 ($\alpha$ = .05). 결과: 대조군과 $\beta$-TCP/HA를 이식한 나머지 세 군의 신생골 형성을 비교하면 통계적으로 유의하게 $\beta$-TCP/HA를 이식한 군에서 신생골 형성이 더 많았다 (P = .003). 서로 다른 particle size 간 비교에서는 신생골 형성에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 하지만 형성된 수직골 총량 (신생골과 이식골의 면적의 합)을 각 그룹 간에 비교해 보면 대조군보다 $\beta$-TCP/HA를 이식한 군이 통계적으로 더 많은 비율을 나타내었고 (P = .001), 특히 $\beta$-TCP/HA 이식 군간 비교에서는 medium size 군이 large particle size 군보다 통계적으로 더 큰 면적을 나타내었다 (P = .039). 그러나 large particle size 군과 small particle size 군 사이 그리고 medium size 군과 small particle size 군 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P> .05). 결론: 티타늄 메쉬를 이용한 수직골 증대술에서 $\beta$-TCP/HA 합성골을 사용하는 경우 수직골 형성에 기여하며 특히 medium size (0.5 - 1.0 mm)의 $\beta$-TCP/HA 이식재가 large size 이식재 보다 더 우수한 수직골 형성의 결과를 보였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.319-332
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• 2001

This study attempts to measure body sizes and somatotypes of 844 female middle and high students girls in their growth period and to investigate characteristics of each of the measured somatotypes. The data used for this study were 50 items of body sizes obtained from anthropometric measurements. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. to analyze physical characteristics according to age. 2. to extract factors of somatotypes using factor analyses. 3. to classify somatotypes according to physical characteristics using cluster analyses. The study results were as follows: 1. TH anthropometric measurements indicated that three existed collective patterns of somatotypes across Group I(12∼13 years old), Group II(14∼15 years old), and Group III(16∼18 years old). 2. Through factor analyses, 6 factors were yielded from each age group. The cumulative proportions of these factors were 77% for Group I, 75% for Group II, and 72% for Group III. Factor I indicates a horizontal size factor and Factor 2 indicates a vertical size factor. 3. Group I and Group II ere classified into 5 types and Group III was classified as 3 types. In Group I, middle height and a little slim types were most prevalent(28%). In Group II, low height and very slim types were most prevalent(28.9%). Finally, In Group III, low height and slim types were most prevalent(4.6%)

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.743-756
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to set measurement parts which are important to identify the size and shape of the head in order to produce tightly fitted hats, and to identify detailed sizes and the major factors of head shape classifications of Korean women. A total of 285 Korean women's in the age group of 18 to 35 years old. It were measured through the direct measurement method by selecting 67 measurement items. Materials were analyzed by SPSS Ver.10 and technology statistics and factor analysis were performed according to the agenda. An attempt was made to conduct factor analysis of the measured region of the head in women's. Here, this study drew the head and the facial parts horizontal size as Factor 1, the head and facial parts vertical size as Factor 2, the circumference and width item as Factor 3, the factor representing the form of head height as Factor 4, the factor expressing the proportion of the facial form as Factor 5 and the factor about the frontal and back head form on the plan of the middle as Factor 6. Through this study, we will be able to systemize head measurement materials that can differentiate Korean's head from other peoples' and can use the results in developing head shape models according to Korean's head shape by selecting major head parts needed to identify the sizes and shapes.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1999

The research analyzs characteristics of body types for the Chineses women based on the different life style and to compare the differences of body type with Korean women. The measurement had took in Beijing and Seoul in 1999. As a result of comparing Chinese and Korean women'body measurements, it was found that Chinese women are shorter and obser than Korean women. Besides, chinese arms and upper body are shorter, and their body is thicker compared with their relatively flat chest. After all, Cheinese women'chests are more voluminous, while their shoulders are drooped more, although their shoulder size is almost as same as Korean women'. By used factor analysis, 8 factors were extracted from body measurements : body obesity, vertical body size, ankle and knee sizes, head size, front upper body length, shoulder size, form and size of neck and upper chest, drooping of shoulders, and size of hip. It was found that Chinese college women are obser with larger vertical body length and front upper body length. And their shoulders are more drooped with larger hip. But two nations'female students did not show any differences in the sizes of ankles, knees, head and shoulders.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1113-1121
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• 2001

Effects of gap sizes(3.9 and 15mm) of vertical annuli and the bottom blockage on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer at atmospheric pressure condition have been examined experimentally, and the results were compared to those with a single tube without confinement. The annular geometry resulted in significant increase in heat transfer coefficient. The effect is much enhanced with the bottom blockage. The heat transfer coefficient for the closed bottom condition is three times greater than the unconfined tube at 30kW/㎡ when the gap size is 3.9mm. However, with further increase of the heat flux much more than 70kW/㎡, all these effects were diminished.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Many women feel pain in their breasts while running due to an excessively large degree of breast movement. Therefore, most sports bras pursue a reduction in breast movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the breast movement reduction effect of a selection of sports bra designs according to the intensity of the sport and the breast size of the wearer. The study measured differences in the vertical movement of the nipple with 4 types of sports bras and 3 exercise speeds(4km/h, 7km/h, and 10km/h). Subjects included women in their 20s with bra sizes of either B cup(n=3) or C cup(n=3). The results of the study are as follows. Breast movement differed according to running speed and breast size; breast movement significantly increased starting with jogging speed(7km/h), and the C-cup group had a larger degree of vertical movement than the B-cup group. A superior effect on breast movement during jogging(7km/h) and sprinting(10km/h) was observed differently by bra cup sizes. To C-cup group, encapsulation-style sports bra, which provides horizontal support across the upper breast and padding inside the shoulder strap and bra cup to ease impact was most effective and next effective style was the compression-style bra with a princess line to cover the breasts solidly. Most style sports bra were effective in the B-cup group. Besides aforementioned encapsulation-style sports bra, the compression-style bra with a band, which presses the breasts against the chest wall, reduced breast movement effectively.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.405-420
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences between clothing size satisfaction and clothing sizing systems of Korean and foreign SPA (specialty retailer of private label apparel) brands according to height group, and provide foundation material that can be used to establish product strategy from the perspective of Korean SPA brand clothing sizes in order to secure competitiveness in the international market. Satisfaction of tall women in their twenties with the clothing sizes of SPA brands was researched, and t-test was conducted to examine differences between clothing size satisfaction of Korean and foreign SPA brands between the two height groups. Then, differences in the size minimum and maximum values, size ranges, size intervals and size numbers between clothing sizing systems of Korean and foreign SPA brands were researched and comparatively analyzed. Existing clothing sizes need to make improvements considering the lengths and shoulder width of tall consumers. And Korean SPA brands need to diversify the range and number of sizes in the clothing sizing system, and set a separate tall-size group, or apply the relationship between vertical and horizontal sizes of clothing to establish a clothing sizing system. A product strategy that applies the results of this study will solve the clothing size dissatisfaction of tall female consumers and stimulate sales of Korean SPA brand clothing products. The study has value in that it extracted realistic problems by researching clothing sizing systems of products that are actually sold.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.1404-1407
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• 1996

A quality monitoring system in butt welding process is proposed to estimate weld pool sizes. The geometrical parameters of the weld pool such as the top bead width and the penetration depth plus half back width are utilized to prove the integrity of the weld quality. The monitoring variables used are the surface temperatures measured at three points on the top surface of the weldment. The temperature profile is assumed that it has a gaussian distribution in vertical direction of torch movement and verify this assumption through temperature analysis. A neural network estimator is designed to estimate weld pool size from temperature informations. The experimental results show that the proposed neural network estimator which used gaussian distribution as temperature information can estimate the weld pool sizes accurately than used three point temperatures as temperature information. Considering the change of gap size in butt welding, the experiment were performed on various gap size.