• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.1647-1656
• /
• 1998

The drag reduction is the phenomenon that occurs only when the shear stress from the wall of pipe is beyond the critical point. The drag reduction increase as the molecular weight, concentration of the polymer and Reynolds number increase, but it is limited by Virk's maximum drag reduction asymptote. Because of the strong shear force for the polymer on the turbulent flow, the molecular weight and the drag reduction do not decrease. Such mechanical degradation of the polymer occurs in all polymer solvent systems. This paper is to identify and develop high performance polymer additives for fluid transportations with the benefits of turbulent drag reduction. In addition, drag reduction in vertical flow by measuring the pressure drop and local void fraction on vertical-up flow of close system is evaluated.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2007

A mechanical model was developed to predict the behavior of point-loaded RC slender beams (a/d > 2.5) without stirrups. It is commonly accepted by most researchers that a diagonal tension crack plays a predominant role in the failure mode of these beams, but the failure mechanism of these members is still debatable. In this paper, it was assumed that diagonal tension failure was triggered by the concrete cover splitting due to the dowel action at the initial location of diagonal tension cracks, which propagate from flexural cracks. When concrete cover splitting occurred, the shape of a diagonal tension crack was simultaneously developed, which can be determined from the principal tensile stress trajectory. This fictitious crack rotates onto the crack tip with load increase. During the rotation, all forces acting on the crack (i.e, dowel force of longitudinal bars, vertical component of concrete tensile force, shear force by aggregate interlock, shear force in compression zone) were calculated by considering the kinematical conditions such as crack width or sliding. These forces except for the shear force in the compression zone were uncoupled with respect to crack width and sliding by the proposed constitutive relations for friction along the crack. Uncoupling the shear forces along the crack was aimed at distinguishing each force from the total shear force and clarifying the failure mechanism of RC slender beams without stirrups. In addition, a proposed method deriving the dowel force of longitudinal bars made it possible to predict the secondary shear failure. The proposed model can be used to predict not only the entire behavior of point-loaded RC slender shear beams, but also the ultimate shear strength. The experiments used to validate the proposed model are reported in a companion paper.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the method of retrofitting flexural strength and the flexural performance of retrofitted shear walls. There are various ways to reinforce the flexural strength of reinforced concrete shear wall structural systems that have already been built, in the case of that, the external force is increased, and the internal force is insufficient. However, there are various problems, such as excessive flexural stiffness after reinforcement and increasing the thickness and length of the wall. We have developed a retrofit method to solve these problems. The wall end is excavated to place the required vertical rebars, and concrete is poured after placing rebars. This is the same concept as creating wall end boundary elements later on. We also studied the anchorage method of reinforcement and the interaction method between the retrofitting end and the existing wall. The flexural test results for the reinforced concrete shear wall using the studied retrofit method can be predicted according to the sectional analysis and FEM analysis, and there are differences in the plastic hinge length, crack propagation, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation due to the bending depending on the vertical rebar ratio of wall end.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.807-813
• /
• 1986

본 연구에서는 국내에서 생산되고 있는 구상흑연주철을 이단으로 어니일링하 여 기타조직을 3가지(p$_{1}$:28.88% 페라이트, 63.5% 퍼얼라이트, p$_{2}$:49.7% 페 라이트, 42.2% 퍼얼라이트, p$_{3}$:71.26% 페라이트, 22.3% 퍼얼라이트)로 변화시켜 족삭에서 이차원절삭실험을 실시하여 기타조직에 따라 제절삭성(절삭력, 절삭비, 전단 각 및 침의 흐름속도)을 비교검토 하므로서 어니일링효과가 절삭성에 미치는 영향을 검토 연구하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제31권4C호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 수직구의 동적 거동특성 분석을 위하여 지반조건, 입력하중 특성, 하중 방향 등의 주요 인자를 고려하여 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과로, 다층지반에 시공된 수직구는 하부 단단한 지층이 두꺼울수록 전단력과 휨모멘트가 최대 1.7배 크게 발생되며, 지층이 변화하는 경계면에서 가장 큰 단면력이 발생된다. 또한 입력하중의 주기 특성에 따라 수직구 동적거동은 서로 다르며, 수직구와 주변지반에서의 가속도 증폭 비율은 주변지반에서 최대 3배 이상 크게 나타났다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.578-581
• /
• 2007

In this study, the seismic control performance of energy dissipation devices installed in a shear all-frame structure is investigated through nonlinear time history analysis of a 12-story building. Inelastic shear walls are modeled using the multiple vertical line element model (MVLEM) and inelastic columns and girders were modeled using fiber beam elements. For a seismic load increased by 38% compared to the design load, the seismic control performance was analyzed based on the results of a nonlinear time history analysis in terms of the inter-story drift, the story shear and the flexural strain. Friction type dampers was found to performs best if they are installed in the form of a brace adjacent to the shear wall with the friction force of 15 % of the maximum story shear force induced in the original building structure without dampers.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.533-543
• /
• 2014

최근 들어, 지하주차장과 같은 모듈화 건물에 프리캐스트 콘크리트와 현장타설 콘크리트가 함께 사용되는 복합공법의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 일반적으로 프리캐스트 콘크리트는 공장에서 선 제작되기 때문에 재료의 효율성을 극대화하기 위해 프리텐션을 도입하여 사용한다. 현행 구조기준이 긴장력이 가해진 단일 단면의 전단 강도식은 제시하지만 긴장력이 가해진 프리캐스트와 현장타설 콘크리트 합성단면의 전단강도식은 제시하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 긴장력이 가해진 합성 부재의 전단강도 실험을 통해 긴장력이 전단강도에 미치는 영향과 합성부재의 전단강도 산정시 고려해야할 사항에 대해 알아보았다. 변수로는 콘크리트의 면적비, 긴장재의 긴장력, 전단 경간비, 그리고 전단철근비를 고려하였다. 실험 결과를 분석해보면, 전단강도는 긴장력 크기와 긴장력이 가해진 단면의 면적비가 커질수록 증가하였고 전단경간비가 증가할수록 감소하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.9-24
• /
• 2024

In order to study the shear mechanical behavior of prefabricated and assembled multi-key group stud connectors, this paper conducted push-out tests on 10 prefabricated and assembled multi-key group stud connectors, distributed in 5 groups, and detailed the failure modes of each specimen. Based on the finite element software, a total of 22 models of this type of stud connector are established, and validated the finite element models using the push-out tests. Furthermore, the effects of stud diameter, number of key groups, and spacing of key groups on the shear resistance of prefabricated and assembled multi-key group stud connectors are analyzed. Combined with the test and finite element, the force analysis is carried out for the stud and first-pouring and post-pouring concrete. The results show that the spacing and number of key groups have a significant impact on the shear capacity and shear stiffness of the specimen. For a single stud, the shear force is transferred to the surrounding concrete via the stud's root. When the stud is finally cut, the steel and the concrete plate are separated. Under vertical shear force, the top row of studs experiences the highest shear, while the middle row has the least. Based on statistical regression, a formula of assembled multi-key group stud connectors is proposed.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.13-25
• /
• 2018

앵커가 보강된 비탈면에 활동이 발생한 경우에는 활동면을 따라 전단면에 전단응력과 휨 응력이 작용하게 되고, 전단변형의 증가는 앵커의 긴장력 변화를 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 전단에 따른 앵커의 긴장력 변화를 확인하기 위해 앵커의 수직방향으로 전단변형을 유발하여 앵커의 긴장력을 측정하는 방법으로 대형 직접전단시험기를 통해 전단시험을 수행하였다. 전단시험은 앵커 설치 유무, 정착부에서 전단면까지의 이격거리(1D, 2D, 4D) 및 측압(0.1MPa, 0.2MPa)을 변수로 총 8가지 조건에 대해 시험을 실시하였다. 전단시험 결과, 이격거리와 주변지반의 측압은 앵커가 설치된 모형 지반의 전단력 및 앵커의 긴장력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 전단력 변화는 앵커 두부 및 선단부의 축력변화와 관련이 있음을 규명하였다. 따라서 앵커 두부에서의 긴장력 변화 경향을 분석함으로써, 간접적으로 앵커 정착부에서의 전단변형에 따른 거동을 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제73권2호
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2020

Deep coupling beams are more prone to suffer brittle shear failure. The addition of steel fibers to seismic members such as coupling beams can improve their shear performance and ductility. Based on the test results of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) coupling beams with span-to-depth ratio between 1.5 and 2.5 under lateral reverse cyclic load, the shear mechanism were analyzed by using strut-and-tie model theory, and the effects of the span-to-depth ratio, compressive strength and volume fraction of steel fiber on shear strengths were also discussed. A simplified calculation method to predict the shear capacity of SFRC deep coupling beams was proposed. The results show that the shear force is mainly transmitted by a strut-and-tie mechanism composed of three types of inclined concrete struts, vertical reinforcement ties and nodes. The influence of span-to-depth ratio on shear capacity is mainly due to the change of inclination angle of main inclined struts. The increasing of concrete compressive strength or volume fraction of steel fiber can improve the shear capacity of SFRC deep coupling beams mainly by enhancing the bearing capacity of compressive struts or tensile strength of the vertical tie. The proposed calculation method is verified using experimental data, and comparative results show that the prediction values agree well with the test ones.