• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2010년 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.141-142
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• 2010

In Korea, land mapping and ocean charting have traditionally different vertical datum for purposes. Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs(MLTM) has promoted National Unified Vertical Datum project in 2009. In this study the development of National Unified Vertical Datum is proposed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.245-252
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• 1997

In this study, the comfortable as well as good-looking overall patterns were investigated. To measure the maximum vertical spaces caused by the body movements, basic foundation type of overall pattern was made. The vertical spaces, which were measured using the CRO-SS-CUT method. The Result was as followings : The Maximum vertical space was 19.7㎝. The Maximum vertical space was 4.2㎝. The vertical space increased as the leg-movement angle increased.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.149-158
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• 1996

• 산업기술연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.65-69
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• 2016

Deflection of the vertical is used in geodetic surveying associated with geoid network construction for geoid modeling and ellipsoid decision and obtained by gravity survey, astronomic survey etc. Technique of astronomic survey and gravity survey is very complex and requires a significant amount of time until gathering data. So this study is to determined a various method which evaluates deflection of the vertical and components about deflection of the vertical using GPS results and orthometric height value decided by leveling. Results of components about deflection of the vertical using GPS/leveling is that ${\xi}$ conponent is distributed $-2.11^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\pm}0.62$, ${\eta}$ component is distributed $1.75^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\pm}0.71$. Decision of component about deflection of the vertical using GPS is less complex than existing astronomic survey. Decision of component about deflection of vertical line using GPS is not complicated than astronomic surveying and can determine in a very short time. So it will be important means to determine the exact orthometric height, topographic study and diastrophism if can periodically calculate.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.609-627
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• 2016

Results of an experimental program are presented in this paper for the influence of vertical load on the in-plane behavior of masonry infilled steel frames. Five half-scaled single-story, single-bay steel frame specimens were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The specimens included four infilled frames and one bare frame. Two similar specimens as well as the bare frame had moment-resisting steel frames, while the remaining two specimens had pinned steel frames. For each frame type, one specimen was tested under simultaneous vertical and lateral loading, whereas the other was subjected only to lateral loading. The experimental results show that the vertical load changes the cracking patterns and failure modes of the infill panels. It improves dissipated hysteresis energy and equivalent viscous damping. Global responses of specimens, including stiffness and maximum strength, do no change by vertical loading considerably. Regarding the ductility, the presence of vertical load is ignorable in the specimen with moment-resisting frame. However, it increases the ductility of the infilled pinned frame specimen, leading to an enhancement in the m-factor by at least 2.5 times. In summary, it is concluded that the influence of the vertical load on the lateral response of infilled frames can be conservatively ignored.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.983-999
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 기술융합화에 따른 경기도 농업분야의 블루오션 전략으로 경기도 식물공장(vertical farm) 추진의 전략방향을 고찰하고, 이를 위한 과학기술 유관기관간 협력방안을 모색하여 본다. 기술 융복합 성격이 매우 강한 사업의 추진은 사업추진 초기부터 협력을 위한 전략 프레임을 설정하고 이에 따라 협력체계를 구축하는 것이 성공의 열쇠가 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 경기도 식물공장의 추진의 미래상을 시나리오플래닝을 통하여 고찰하여 보고, 이의 달성을 위한 향후 식물공장 추진 방향을 고찰한다. 농업기술 융복합 혁신의 산물인 식물공장 추진의 전략방향을 시나리오플래닝을 통하여 다차원적으로 고찰한 본 논문은 융복합 기술관련 연구 조직에게 큰 함의를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.653-669
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• 2016

Recent earthquakes worldwide show that a significant portion of the earthquake shaking happens in the vertical direction. This phenomenon has raised significant interests to consider the vertical ground motion during the seismic design and assessment of the structures. Strong vertical ground motions can alter the axial forces in the columns, which might affect the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) members. This is particularly important for non-ductile RC frames, which are very vulnerable to earthquake-induced collapse. This paper presents the detailed nonlinear dynamic analysis to quantify the collapse risk of non-ductile RC frame structures with varying heights. An array of non-ductile RC frame architype buildings located in Los Angeles, California were designed according to the 1967 uniform building code. The seismic responses of the architype buildings subjected to concurrent horizontal and vertical ground motions were analyzed. A comprehensive array of ground motions was selected from the PEER NGA-WEST2 and Iran Strong Motions Network database. Detailed nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to quantify the collapse fragility curves and collapse margin ratios (CMRs) of the architype buildings. The results show that the vertical ground motions have significant impact on both the local and global responses of non-ductile RC moment frames. Hence, it is crucial to include the combined vertical and horizontal shaking during the seismic design and assessment of non-ductile RC moment frames.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1977

Vertical mixing in the ocean affects the formation of water masses as well as the vertical distribution of nutrients and dissolved substances. this study is to investigate the effect of stability on the intensity of vertical transfer in the case of shallow and straitfied channel. It is found that the relation of the stability and vertical turbulent diffusion is given by K$\sub$z/ = -${\beta}$-(c+${\beta}$) / ${\alpha}$(E-1/${\alpha}$) where K$\sub$z/ and E denotes the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient and stability, respectively. The empirical coefficients ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and c depend on the magnitude of vertical components and stability, i.e., through thermocline intensity. The study indicates that the diffusivity of the surface mixed layer is (K$\sub$z/)=300∼1,200$\textrm{cm}^2$/sec, the thermocline layer is (K$\sub$z/)= 50∼200$\textrm{cm}^2$/sec and the cold layer is (K$\sub$z/)=200∼600$\textrm{cm}^2$/sec based on near- minimum least-squares error estimates from the regression analysis. An important result of our study comes out that the model is in accordance with the general trends of the effect of stability on the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficients in the case of shallow and strongly stratified channel.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 GPS(Global Positioning System), INS(Inertial Navigation System), DMI(Distance Measuring Unit) 등 각종 센서를 장착한 차량을 이용하여 차량의 위치정보와 자세정보를 취득하고, 취득된 차량의 주행정보를 이용하여 도로 종단선형을 분석할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 개발된 종단선형 분석 알고리즘은 도로의 종단경사, 종단곡선 시종점 및 도로 종단곡선 길이 등을 분석할 수 있고, 종단경사와 종단곡선을 모형화하였다. 또 개발한 알고리즘의 현장 적용성을 검증하기 위하여, 실제 도로에서 취득한 데이터를 이용하여 종단선형을 분석하였고, 이 결과를 도면과 비교하였다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제40권7호통권398호
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• pp.542-547
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• 2002

This study was aimed to help diagnose the vertical root fractures in endodontically and in nonendodontically treated teeth. This was a study about mine teeth with a vertical root fractures. Four cases were nonendodontically treated teeth and five cases were endodontically treated teeth. A collection of information including past dental history, periodontal probing, and X-ray was gathered on each case. One of the endodontic cases had no periodontal pocket depth and was in acute pain. It was confusing to find whether causes were because of endodontic failure or vertical root fractures. Most of the vertical root fractures were found in patients aged between 50 and 60. Vertical root fractures were found in the molar and premolar of maxillary and mandibular teeth. The second molars repecially, which had C shaped roots had vertical root fractures with apical propagation type. The apical propagation type means that vertical root fracture initiates in root apex and propagate to coronal root. The teeth with vertical root fractures of the apical propagation type, which was in acute pain, were very difficult in differential diagnosis of periodontal lesion and endodontic failure. Therefore, the dental history was very important to make a differential diagnosis. Past pain history repeated uncomfortable symptoms in bite was a key of differential diagnosis.