Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.4.609

Influence of vertical load on in-plane behavior of masonry infilled steel frames  

Emami, Sayed Mohammad Motovali (International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES))
Mohammadi, Majid (International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES))
Publication Information
Earthquakes and Structures / v.11, no.4, 2016 , pp. 609-627 More about this Journal
Abstract
Results of an experimental program are presented in this paper for the influence of vertical load on the in-plane behavior of masonry infilled steel frames. Five half-scaled single-story, single-bay steel frame specimens were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The specimens included four infilled frames and one bare frame. Two similar specimens as well as the bare frame had moment-resisting steel frames, while the remaining two specimens had pinned steel frames. For each frame type, one specimen was tested under simultaneous vertical and lateral loading, whereas the other was subjected only to lateral loading. The experimental results show that the vertical load changes the cracking patterns and failure modes of the infill panels. It improves dissipated hysteresis energy and equivalent viscous damping. Global responses of specimens, including stiffness and maximum strength, do no change by vertical loading considerably. Regarding the ductility, the presence of vertical load is ignorable in the specimen with moment-resisting frame. However, it increases the ductility of the infilled pinned frame specimen, leading to an enhancement in the m-factor by at least 2.5 times. In summary, it is concluded that the influence of the vertical load on the lateral response of infilled frames can be conservatively ignored.
Keywords
masonry Infill; vertical load; steel frame; connection rigidity; m-factor;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 AISC, ASD (1989), Plastic design specifications for structural steel buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction; Chicago, IL, USA.
2 ASCE 41-13 (2012), Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers; Virginia: Reston.
3 ASCE 41-06 (2006), Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers; Virginia: Reston.
4 Asteris, P.G., Antoniou, S.T., Sophianopoulos, D.S. and Chrysostomou, C.Z. (2011), "Mathematical macromodeling of infilled frames: state of the art", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 137(12), 1508-1517.   DOI
5 Asteris, P.G., Cotsovoset, D.M., Chrysostomou, C.Z., Mohebkhah, A. and Al-Chaar, G.K. (2013), "Mathematical micromodeling of infilled frames: state of the art", Eng. Struct., 56, 1905-1921.   DOI
6 Asteris, P.G., Cavaleri, L., Trapani, F.D. and Sarhosis, V. (2015), "A macro-modelling approach for the analysis of infilled frame structures considering the effects of openings and vertical loads", Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 12(5), 1-16.
7 ASTM C109 (2002), Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (Using 2- in. or [50-mm] cube specimens), ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
8 ASTM C1314-03b (2004), Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms, ASTM International, USA.
9 ASTM E8/E8M (2009), Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials, ASTM international, West Conshohocken PA, USA.
10 Campione, G., Cavaleri, L., Macaluso, G. and Amato, G. (2014), "Evaluation of infilled frames: an updated in-plane-stiffness macro-model considering the effects of vertical loads", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 13(8), 1-17.
11 Chopra, A.K. (2001), Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice-Hall.
12 INBC-Part 8 (2005), Design and construction of masonry buildings, Iranian national building code, part 8, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Iran.
13 El-Dakhakhni, W., Elgaaly, M. and Ahmad, A.H. (2003), "Three-strut model for concrete masonry-infilled steel frames", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 129(2), 177-185.   DOI
14 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Report no. FEMA 356, FEMA, Washington, DC, USA.
15 FEMA 461 (2007), Interim testing protocols for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural and nonstructural components, Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA.
16 Kakaletsis, D.J. and Karayannis, C.G. (2008), "Influence of masonry strength and openings on infilled R/C frames under cyclic loading", J. Earthq. Eng., 12(2), 197-221.   DOI
17 Lafuente, M., Molina, A. and Genatios, C. (2000), "Seismic resistant behavior of minor reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zeland, January.
18 Liu, Y. and Manesh, P. (2013), "Concrete masonry infilled steel frames subjected to combined in-plane lateral and axial loading-An experimental study", Eng. Struct., 52, 331-339.   DOI
19 Mainstone, R.J. (1971), "On the stiffness and strengths of infilled frames", ICE Proc. Thomas Telford, 49(2), 230.
20 Mehrabi, A.B., Shing, P.B., Schuller, M.P. and Noland, J.L. (1996), "Experimental evaluation of masonryinfilled RC frames", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 122(3), 228-237.   DOI
21 Smith, B.S. and Carter, C. (1969), "A method of analysis for infilled frames", ICE Proc. Thomas Telford, 44(1), 31-48.
22 Mohammadi, M. (2007), "Stiffness and damping of infilled steel frames", Proceedings of the ICE-Struct Build., 160(2), 105-118.
23 Motovali Emami, S.M. and Mohammadi, M. (2015), "Effect of frame connection rigidity on the behaviour of infilled steel frames", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE (under review).
24 Smith, B.S. (1968), "Model test results of vertical and horizontal loading of infilled frames", ACI J. Proc., 65(8), 618-625.
25 Standard No 2800 (2005), Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, Third Revision, Building and Housing Research Center, Iran.
26 Tarque, N., Leandro, C., Guido, C. and Enrico, S. (2015), "Masonry infilled frame structures: state-of-the-art review of numerical modeling", Earthq. Struct., 8(1), 225-251.   DOI
27 Tasnimi, A.A and Mohebkhah, A. (2011), "Investigation on the behavior of brick-infilled steel frames with openings, experimental and analytical", Eng. Struct., 33(3), 968-980.   DOI
28 Tomazevic, M. (1999), Earthquake-resistant Design of Masonry Buildings, World Scientific.
29 Valiasis, T. and Stylianidis, K. (1989), "Masonry infilled R/C frames under horizontal loading experimental results", Eur. Earthq. Eng., 3(3), 10-20.