• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.287-301
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• 2012

It is well known that overloaded vehicles may cause severe damages to bridges, and how to estimate and evaluate the status of the overloaded vehicles passing through bridges become a challenging problem. Therefore, based on the monitored strain data from a structural health monitoring system (SHM) installed on a bridge, a method is recommended to identify and analyze the probability of overloaded vehicles. Overloaded vehicle loads can cause abnormity in the monitored strains, though the abnormal strains may be small in a concrete continuous rigid frame bridge. Firstly, the abnormal strains are identified from the abundant strains in time sequence by taking the advantage of wavelet transform in abnormal signal identification; secondly, the abnormal strains induced by heavy vehicles are picked up by the comparison between the identified abnormal strains and the strain threshold gotten by finite element analysis of the normal heavy vehicle; finally, according to the determined abnormal strains induced by overloaded vehicles, the statistics of the overloaded vehicles passing through the bridge are summarized and the whole probability of the overloaded vehicles is analyzed. The research shows the feasibility of using the monitored strains from a long-term SHM to identify the information of overloaded vehicles passing through a bridge, which can help the traffic department to master the heavy truck information and do the damage analysis of bridges further.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.238-249
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• 2012

Flight test of flapping micro air vehicles (FMAVs) is carried out using an instrumented measurement system to obtain various engineering parameters and hence to assess the flight performance of the vehicles through the data investigation. An indoor flight test facility equipped with a motion capture system and tracking cameras is used for the work presented in this paper. Maneuvers including straight-level flight, ground flapping, takeoff and landing are tested. Spatial position and orientation data are obtained from the retro-reflective tracking markers attached to the vehicles. Subsequent test analysis is carried out by generating performance parameters from raw data and then assessing the flight performance by comparison of the vehicles. The main findings of this work confirm that the test method and procedures presented here enable the systematic numerical data measurement and assessment of the flying performances of these vehicles, and show the applicability for the test and evaluation of general flapping MAVs.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-184
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• 2013

An accurate identification of the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and the bridge is the premise for the coupled vibration analysis of a wind-vehicle-bridge system. At present, the interaction of aerodynamic forces between the road vehicles and bridge is ignored in most previous studies. In the present study, an experimental setup was developed to measure the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and the bridge for different cases in a wind tunnel considering the aerodynamic interference. The influence of the wind turbulence, the wind speed, the vehicle interference, and the vehicle position on the aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles, and the influence of vehicles on the static coefficients of the bridge were investigated, based on the experimental results. The variations in the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and the bridge were studied and the measured results were validated according to the results of surface pressure measurements on the vehicle and the bridge. The measured results were further validated by comparing the measured results with values derived numerically. The measured results showed that the wind turbulence, the vehicle interference, and the vehicle position significantly affected the aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles. However, the influence of the wind speed on the aerodynamic coefficients of the studied vehicle is small. The static coefficients of the bridge were also significantly influenced by the presence of vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.70-80
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• 2017

According with annual report by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), South Korea is at the top of the list of countries with bad air pollution (fine dust particles) and the South Korean government announced the cause to be due to the particle emissions of large and old diesel vehicles. To solve this issue, the government (jointly with related ministries), promoted the "Special Measures for Comprehensive Fine Dust Management Program" as a way to improve environmental pollution by reducing the overall output of fine dust particles emitted by public vehicles. The measure implemented a gas subsidy system to convert eco-friendly vehicles of city and chartered buses throughout the country. In this study, we take a look at the economical evaluation, comparison and analysis of the conversion of diesel vehicles to natural gas (CNG) vehicles. This report represent the basis for the need to expand the funds of the subsidy program and reviews the feasibility of the policy by taking into consideration the social and economical benefits and the effect in the environment when converting diesel fuel to natural gas vehicles through the type-specific fuel conversion scenarios.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.241-246
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• 2021

Although there have been many studies on laws and systems for the proliferation of autonomous vehicles, studies on the activation of autonomous vehicles from a strategic perspective are insufficient. This study examines the issues and problem solving methods of autonomous vehicles. Based on this, plans to activate autonomous vehicles from a strategic point of view are proposed. In order to solve the issues and problems of autonomous vehicles, it is necessary to clearly establish legal and institutional standards based on the reinforcement of the safety of autonomous vehicles. In the event of a traffic accident, who is responsible for the accident and responsibility for compensation should be prioritized. Diffusion strategies are established according to the level of autonomous driving for the activation of autonomous vehicles in strategic perspective. In addition, governmental support policies should be used as triggers for initial activation, and marketing mix strategies should be implemented based on segmentation, targeting, and positioning strategies.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.209-214
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• 2023

In the future, as autonomous vehicles become popular at home and abroad, the frequency of accidents involving autonomous vehicles is also expected to increase. In particular, when a fully autonomous vehicle is operated, various criminal/civil problems such as sexual violence, assault, and fraud between passengers may occur as well as the vehicle accident itself. In this case, forensics for accidents involving autonomous vehicles and accidents involving passengers in the vehicles are also about to change. This paper reviewed the types of security threats of autonomous vehicles, methods for maintaining the integrity of evidence data using blockchain technology, and research on digital forensics. Through this, it was possible to describe threats that would occur in autonomous vehicles using blockchain technology and forensic techniques for each type of accident in a scenario-type manner. Through this study, a block that helps forensics of self-driving vehicles before and after accidents by investigating forensic security technology of domestic and foreign websites to respond to vulnerabilities and attacks of autonomous vehicles, and research on block chain security of research institutes and information security companies. A chain method was proposed.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.587-594
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• 2016

Autonomous A.I. vehicles are seemingly soon ready for our life. One of the critical problems with autonomous vehicles is how one could assign responsibility for accidents to them. We can envisage that autonomous vehicles may confront an ethical dilemma. Then a question arises of how we are able to assign legal responsibility to autonomous vehicles. In this paper, I first introduce what the ethical dilemma of autonomous vehicles is about. Second, I show how we could be able to assign legal responsibility for autonomous vehicles. Legal probability is the received criteria for causal responsibility most of the legal theorists consider. But it remains vague. I articulate the concept of legal probability in terms of the probabilitstic theory of individual level causality while considering how one can assign causal responsibility for autonomous vehicles. My theory of causal responsibility may help one to assign legal responsibility not just for autonomous vehicles but also for people.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2016

To protect air pollution of urban area from motor vehicles, emission limits for diesel vehicles have been dramatically lowered in short period. But recent studies have shown that on-road NOx emissions of light-duty diesel vehicles are considerably higher than the values measured with laboratory test procedures used for emission certification. To tackle with this issue, Ministry of Environment have a plan to introduce EU RDE-LDV (Real-driving Emission-Light-duty Vehicle) regulation. In this study, 4 Euro 6 diesel vehicles have been tested with the new test procedures published by EU to estimate on-road NOx emissions using PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System). The results have shown that the requirements of EU RDE-LDV could be met in driving condition of metropolitan area for constitution of test routes and validity of test results. In analysing with Moving Averaging Window method the completeness and normality of test data were validated with the requirement. On-road NOx emissions were quite deviated as test vehicles and higher than the new limit of on-road NOx emission enforced from Sept. 2017, which means that RDE-LDV can effectively reduce NOx emission of diesel vehicles in real driving conditions of Korea.

• Archives of design research
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• no.18
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• pp.123-134
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• 1996

For handicapped person who have a handicap in moving, vehicles are indispensible, especially in the viewpoint of handicapped person's participation for social life by rehabilitation, the freedom of movement equaling to nonnal person is a important factor for improving the quality in being complete growth.In the purposese of positively social participation of handicapped person, this study investigated the general problems about using a means of transportation in the users of wheelchair and for solving these problems and approached, in the viewpoint of styling, vehicles were considered from character of self-supporting in getting on and off a car. For that first, this study was progressed by suggesting invigorating convenience facilities in already established vehicles for the user of a wheelchair and the part of moulding of modified vehicles in a structure. Moreover, making a selection of domestic vehicles arbitrarily, analyzing a internal structure of a boarding of a wheelchair, and suggesting the modified model of vehicles by the sketch.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

To investigate the safety of the in-use vehicles emission against the tail-pipe emission regulation, in-use vehicles emission trend according to vehicle mileage should be known. But it is impossible to collect all vehicles emission data In order to know that. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a statistically meaningful inference method that can be used generally to estimate in-use vehicles emissions distribution according to the vehicle mileage with relatively less in-use vehicles emission data. To do this, a linear regression model that solved the problems of data normality and common variance of error was studied. As a way that can secure the data normality, In(emission) instead of emission itself was used as a sampled data. And a reciprocal of mileage was suggested as a factor to secure common variance of error. As an example, 36 data of FTP-75 test were handled in this study. As a result, using average value and standard deviation at each mileage which were inferred from a linear regression model, probability density distribution and cumulative distribution of emissions according to the vehicle mileage were obtained and it was possible to predict the deterioration factor through full useful life mileage and also possible to decide whether those in-use vehicles will meet the tail-pipe emission regulations or not.