• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

Sclerotium rolfsii is a well known broad host range soil borne plant pathogenic fungus and caused serious damage to various vegetable crops. To develop an effective biological control agent for S. rolfsii, an isolate which showed strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii was selected among the antagonistic bacterial isolates collected from vinyl-house soil. The bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KBC1009 based on the morphological, physiological characteristics and by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The growth conditions for B. amyloliquefaciens KBC1009 were optimized in LB media(pH7) by culturing at 30℃ for 72 hrs. Glucose and yeast extract were confirmed as the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. In order to test the inhibitory effect of B. amyloliquefaciens KBC1009 to stem rot of pepper, green house experiment was conducted. Drench of 1/500 diluted bacterial suspension of B. amyloliquefaciens KBC1009(5×108 cfu/ml) to each pepper plant 3 times with 10 days interval showed 66.7% control effectiveness. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens KBC1009 is one of promising biocontrol agent to control stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2011

The Korean edible mountainous vegetable, byeongpungssam, Cacalia firma Komar. (CFK) is a wild plant found in the intermountain areas in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate its free radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenozothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays, an electron spin resonance spectroscopy. We also examined its protective effect against oxidative DNA damage using agarose electrophoresis of ethanol extract of CFK. The protective activity of the extract against the DNA damage induced by HO${\cdot}$ radicals was compared to epicatechin, ascorbic acid and trolox as reference antioxidant compounds. Total phenolic content in the extract was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents. Total polyphenolic content of the extract was measured in the leaves ($161.53{\pm}1.07{\mu}g/g$) and shoot ($142.45{\pm}0.56{\mu}g/g$). The antioxidant potential of the extracts against some radicals and DNA damage by HO${\cdot}$ radicals showed over 60%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1649-1655
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• 2009

The antioxidant activities of water extracts from wild vegetables such as Ligularia fischeri (GC), Capsicum annuum L. (GCY), Aster scaber (CNM), Petasites japonicus S. et Z. Max (MYD), Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam) (GGM) were evaluated and compared with water extracts from freeze dried block. The antioxidant properties of water extracts from wild vegetables and their freeze dried block were evaluated using different antioxidant tests; 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activities. The water extracts from wild vegetables were found to have a higher total phenolic content than water extracts from freeze dried block. Total phenolic contents of water extracts from GC, GCY, CNM, MYD, and GGM were $471.66{\pm}3.52\;{\mu}g/mg,\;141.33{\pm}2.51\;{\mu}g/mg,\;177.33{\pm}2.88\;{\mu}g/mg,\;238.66{\pm}9.50\;{\mu}g/mg\;and\;122.67{\pm}3.51\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. At the concentrations of 1000 ppm, water extracts from GC, GCY, CNM, and GGM showed higher activities than water extracts from their freeze dried block on DPPH radical scavenger activity. The activity of water extracts from CNM, GC, GCY, MYD, and GGM were 90.9%, 89.9%, 76.6%, 71.1%, and 57.4%, respectively. When 10000 ppm of GC, GCY, CNM, MYD, and GGM water extracts tested for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, activities were increased by 38.8%, 33.4%, 35.9%, 34.3%, and 33.8%, respectively and a similar effect was found with water extracts from GCY, CNM, and GGM freeze dried block at 10000 ppm concentration. However, the water extracts from GC and MYD was slightly more effective than freeze dried block extracts. The water extracts from wild vegetables and their freeze dried block had effective DPPH radical scavenger activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at all tested concentrations. Nitrite scavenging activity of GC water extract significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and the extract had higher nitrite scavenging activity than extracts freeze dried block extracts. We found that freeze dried block maintained antioxidant activities of the wild vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1984

Naked barley flour(Baekdong cultivar) was examined with respect to its pasting properties by means of Brabender amylograph after adding barley lipids, fatty acids, vegetable oils and emulsifiers at 1% level. Amylogram of barley flour showed a similar gelatinization temperature but higher paste viscosities at all reference points as compared with wheat flour. Barley flour showed lower amylograph curves by defatting with n-hexane, namely reductions in initial gelatinization point, maximum viscosity and setback value. But re-addition of n-hexane extract to the defatted flour essentially reproduced the curve obtained in the undefatted flour. Addition of polar and nonpolar lipids exhibited different effects on the pasting properties of barley flour. Polar lipids generally increased maximum viscosity a little while non-polar lipids increased the maximum viscosity substantially. Addition of increasing amounts of nonpolar lipids was found to progressively increase the maximum viscosity. Addition of fatty acids increaed th maximum viscosity and delayed the peak time. The maximum viscosity of defatted barley flour impregnated with unsaturated fatty acids was higher than that of defatted barley flour impregnated with saturated fatty acids Increasing amounts of linoleic acid were fount to progressively increase the maximum viscosity and to delay the peak time of defatted barley flour. Addition of six vegetable oils lowered the gelatinization temperature and rasied the maximum viscosity and temperature at maximum viscosity. Addition of increasing amount of peanut oil was found to decrease the maximum viscosity. The effect of emulsifiers was greater in undefatted flour than in defatted flour. The maximum viscosity of defatted flour was slightly affected by Methocel 50, Methocel 1500 and Emulthin, and substantially increased by Methocel 4000, sodium polyacrylate and calcium stearyl lactylate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2019

A components of garlic (Allium sativum) have anti-proliferative effects against various types of cancer. We aimed to investigate the capacity of garlic compounds to anti-tumor on a various cancer cell lines. Fractionation of garlic extract, guided by antiproliferative activity against human gastric cancer (AGS) cells, has resulted in the isolation of N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine (NBNMA). We investigated the effect of newly isolated NBNMA from garlic cloves on the inhibition of the growth of CT-26, AGS, HepG2, HCT-116, MCF7, B16F10, and Sarcoma-180 cells for in vitro and CT-26 colon carcinoma cells in vivo. NBNMA exhibited an antiproliferative effect in CT-26 cells by apoptotic cell death. NBNMA exhibited down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and up-regulation of apoptotic Bad protein expression in western blot analyses. In addition, NBNMA meagre activated caspase 3 and caspase 9, initiator caspases of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. NBNMA treatment at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 21 days in experimental mice implanted with tumors resulted in significant reduction of the tumor weight (43%). NBNMA exhibited both in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. These results indicate that NBNMA has promising potential to become a novel anticancer agent from garlic cloves for the treatment of colon carcinoma cancer.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.57-72
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• 2018

In order to extract meaningful information from the excellent farming settlement cases of young farmers published by KNCAF, we studied the key words with text mining and created a word cloud for visualization. First, in the text mining results for the entire sample, the words 'CEO', 'corporate executive', 'think', 'self', 'start', 'mind', and 'effort' are the words with high frequency among the top 50 core words. Their ability to think, judge and push ahead with themselves is a result of showing that they have ability of to be managers or managers. And it is a expression of how they manages to achieve their dream without giving up their dream. The high frequency of words such as "father" and "parent" is due to the high ratio of parents' cooperation and succession. Also 'KNCAF', 'university', 'graduation' and 'study' are the results of their high educational awareness, and 'organic farming' and 'eco-friendly' are the result of the interest in eco-friendly agriculture. In addition, words related to the 6th industry such as 'sales' and 'experience' represent their efforts to revitalize farming and fishing villages. Meanwhile, 'internet', 'blog', 'online', 'SNS', 'ICT', 'composite' and 'smart' were not included in the top 50. However, the fact that these words were extracted without omission shows that young farmers are increasingly interested in the scientificization and high-tech of agriculture and fisheries Next, as a result of grouping the top 50 key words by crop, the words 'facilities' in livestock, vegetables and aquatic crops, the words 'equipment' and 'machine' in food crops were extracted as main words. 'Eco-friendly' and 'organic' appeared in vegetable crops and food crops, and 'organic' appeared in fruit crops. The 'worm' of eco-friendly farming method appeared in the food crops, and the 'certification', which means excellent agricultural and marine products, appeared only in the fishery crops. 'Production', which is related to '6th industry', appeared in all crops, 'processing' and 'distribution' appeared in the fruit crops, and 'experience' appeared in the vegetable crops, food crops and fruit crops. To visualize the extracted words by text mining, we created a word cloud with the entire samples and each crop sample. As a result, we were able to judge the meaning of excellent practices, which are unstructured text, by character size.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts from 46 plants were tested for their fungicidal activity against six plant diseases consisting of Maynaporthe grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia recondita, and Erysiphe graminis in the greenhouse studies. Strong activity at 5 and 10 mg/pot was produced from the extracts of Helianthus annuus flowers and Zea mays leaves against P. grisea. In a test with B. cineara, extracts of H. annuus leaves, H. annuus flowers, Chrysanthmum coronarium var. spatiosum, Cucurbita moschata seeds, Lycopersicon esculentum, Z. mays, and Z. mays leaves had strong activities at 5 mg/pot. In a test with P. recondita, strong activity was obtained from the extracts of Capsicum frutescens, C. moschata seeds, H. annuus seeds, L. esculentum, and Malva veticillata at 5 mg/pot. Against E. graminis, extracts of Cucumis sativus, H. annuus seeds, Salanum tuberosum, Z. mays, and Z. mays leaves produced strong activities at 10 mg/pot. All the extracts were ineffective against P. infestans and R. solani. Among seven extracts tested, the extracts of H. annuus leaves and flowers were highly effective against all the strains of B. cinerea resistant to carbendazim, procymidone, and diethofencarb. Furthermore, potent fungicidal activity was produced from the extracts of C. coronarium var. spatiosum and C. moschata seeds against the SSR, SRR, and RSR strains of B. cinerea, and Z. mays and Z. mays leaves against SSR and RSR. Extract of L. esculentum showed very strong activity only against RRS of B. cinerea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.528-534
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• 2010

Garlic (Allium sativum) has been well-known as a folk remedy for a variety of ailments since ancient times, and it is well documented that enhanced garlic consumption leads to a decrease in incidences of cancer. Tight junctions (TJs) are critical structures for the maintenance of cellular polarity, acting as paracellular permeability barriers and playing an essential role in regulating the diffusion of fluid, electrolytes and macromolecules through the paracellular pathway. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated as possible mediators of invasiveness and metastasis in some cancers. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of water extract of aged black garlic (ABG) on the correlation between tightening of TJs and anti-invasive activity in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. The inhibitory effects of ABG on cell motility and invasiveness were found to be associated with increased tightness of TJs, which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance. Additionally, the activities of MMP-2 and -9 in AGS cells were inhibited by treatment with ABG, and this was also correlated with a decrease in the expression of their mRNA and proteins. Furthermore, RT-PCR and immunoblotting results indicated that ABG repressed the levels of the claudin proteins, major components of TJs that play a key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. In conclusion, these results suggest that ABG treatment may inhibit tumor metastasis and invasion, and therefore may act as a dietary source to decrease the risk of developing cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.357-366
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• 2017

Natural pigments are materials that express color and have been used in foods, cosmetics, medicine and so on. Since natural pigments are extracted from animals and plants, they are not uniform in size. Red pigments in particular are more lipophilic than other color pigments and tend to aggregate easily in aqueous solutions which make it difficult to reproduce the specific color due to size change. Found to be an allergen and the growing aversion for it to be used in foods, cochineal pigment, an animal pigment used for red pigments is being used less. In this study, red vegetable pigment lycopene extract and gardenia yellow was made uniform in size by ball-milling, then asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to measure the size, and a color meter was used to confirm the color. Experimental results showed that the pigment particles were large in size and size distribution was wide before milling, but the size of the particles decreased and size distribution narrowed after milling. Color meter measurements showed that as the milling time increased, the size of the pigment particles decreased and the brightness, redness, and yellowness increased indicating a bright red color.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.442-447
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• 2009

Extracts from various parts of oriental melon were obtained and antioxidant property and antioxidant constituents including total phenol, total flavonoid, total vitamin C were examined. Free radical scavenging activity was measured by DPPH and ABTS method. Peel part of oriental melon showed the most potent scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals. The contents of total phenol, total flavonoid in peel were higher than other parts except vitamin C. The amount of vitamin C was the highest in placenta. The relationship between antioxidant activities and antioxidant constituents was determined and showed higher correlation coefficients between antioxidant activities and content of total phenol than other constituents. The above results suggest that phenolic compounds affect antioxidant activity of oriental melon and oriental melon has a good promise as functional food for enhancing health.