• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis provides one of the most powerful tools for functional studies of genes in higher plants. This project has been performed to develop a large population of insertional mutations, and to construct databases of molecular information on Ds insertion sites in rice. Ultimate goals are to supply genetic materials and information to analyze gene function and to identify and utilize agronomically important genes for breeding purpose. Two strategies have been employed to generate the large scale of transposon population in a Japonica type rice, Dongjin Byeo; 1) genetic crosses between Ac and Ds lines and 2) plant regeneration from seeds carrying Ac and Ds. Our study showed that over 70% of regenerated plants generally carried independent Ds elements and high activity of transposition was detected only during regeneration period. Ds-flanking DNA amplified from leaf tissues of F2 and T1 (or T2) plants have been amplified via TAIL-PCR and directly sequenced. So far, over 65,000 Ds lines have been generated and over 9,500 Ds loci have been mapped on chromosomes by sequence analysis. Database of molecular information on Ds insertion sites has been constructed, and has been opened to the public and will be updated soon at http://www.niab.go.kr. Detailed functional analysis of more than 30 rice mutants has been performed. Several Ds-tagged rice genes that have been selected for functional analysis will be briefly introduced. We expect that a great deal of information and genetic resources of Ds lines would be obtained during the course of this project, which will be shared with domestic and international rice researchers. In addition to the Japonica rice, we have established the tagging system in an rice line of indica genetic background, MGRI079. MGRI079 (Indica/Japonica) was transformed with Agrobacteria carrying Ac and Ds T-DNA vectors. Among transgenic lines, we successfully identified single-copy Ds and Ac lines in MGR1079. These lines were served as ‘starter lines’ to mutagenize Indica genetic background. To achieve rapid, large scale generation of Ds transposant lines, MGR1079 transformants carrying homozygous Ac were crossed with ones with homozygous Ds, and $F_2$seeds were used for plant regeneration. In this year, over 2,000 regeneration plants were grown in the field. We are able to evaluate the tagging efficiency in the Indica genetic background in the fall.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.40.3-41
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• 2017

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute The observation of particles and waves using a single satellite inherently suffers from space-time ambiguity. Recently, such ambiguity has often been resolved by multi-satellite observations; however, the inter-satellite distances were generally larger than 100 km. Hence, the ambiguity could be resolved only for large-scale (> 100 km) structures while numerous microscale phenomena have been observed at low altitude satellite orbits. In order to resolve those spatial and temporal variations of the microscale plasma structures on the topside ionosphere, SNIPE mission consisted of four (TBD) nanosatellites (~10 kg) will be launched into a polar orbit at an altitude of 700 km (TBD). Two pairs of satellites will be deployed on orbit and the distances between each satellite will be from 10 to 100 km controlled by a formation flying algorithm. The SNIPE mission is equipped with scientific payloads which can measure the following geophysical parameters: density/temperature of cold ionospheric electrons, energetic (~100 keV) electron flux, and magnetic field vectors. All the payloads will have high temporal resolution (~ 16 Hz (TBD)). This mission is planned to launch in 2020. The SNIPE mission aims to elucidate microscale (100 m-10 km) structures in the topside ionosphere (below altitude of 1,000 km), especially the fine-scale morphology of high-energy electron precipitation, cold plasma density/temperature, field-aligned currents, and electromagnetic waves. Hence, the mission will observe microscale structures of the following phenomena in geospace: high-latitude irregularities, such as polar-cap patches; field-aligned currents in the auroral oval; electro-magnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves; hundreds keV electrons' precipitations, such as electron microbursts; subauroral plasma density troughs; and low-latitude plasma irregularities, such as ionospheric blobs and bubbles. We have developed a 6U nanosatellite bus system as the basic platform for the SNIPE mission. Three basic plasma instruments shall be installed on all of each spacecraft, Particle Detector (PD), Langmuir Probe (LP), and Scientific MAGnetometer (SMAG). In addition we now discuss with NASA and JAXA to collaborate with the other payload opportunities into SNIPE mission.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2010

This paper describes a design of 5-stage pipelined de-blocking filter with power reduction scheme and proposes a efficient memory architecture and filter order for high performance H.264/AVC Decoder. Generally the de-blocking filter removes block boundary artifacts and enhances image quality. Nevertheless filter has a few disadvantage that it requires a number of memory access and iterated operations because of filter operation for 4 time to one edge. So this paper proposes a optimized filter ordering and efficient hardware architecture for the reduction of memory access and total filter cycles. In proposed filter parallel processing is available because of structured 5-stage pipeline consisted of memory read, threshold decider, pre-calculation, filter operation and write back. Also it can reduce power consumption because it uses a clock gating scheme which disable unnecessary clock switching. Besides total number of filtering cycle is decreased by new filter order. The proposed filter is designed with Verilog-HDL and functionally verified with the whole H.264/AVC decoder using the Modelsim 6.2g simulator. Input vectors are QCIF images generated by JM9.4 standard encoder software. As a result of experiment, it shows that the filter can make about 20% total filter cycles reduction and it requires small transposition buffer size.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

Because of the development of Smart phone devices, the demands of high performance FPU(Floating-point Unit) becomes increasing. Therefore, we propose the high-speed single-/double-precision FPU design that includes an elementary add/sub unit and improved multiplier and compare and convert units. The most commonly used add/sub unit is optimized by the parallel rounding unit. The matrix operation is used in complex calculation something like a graphic calculation. We designed the Multiply-Add Fused(MAF) instead of multiplier to calculate the matrix more quickly. The branch instruction that is decided by the compare operation is very frequently used in various programs. We bypassed the result of the compare operation before all the pipeline processes ended to decrease the total execution time. And we included additional convert operations that are added in IEEE754-2008 standard. To verify our RTL designs, we chose four hundred thousand test vectors by weighted random method and simulated each unit. The FPU that was synthesized by Samsung's 45-nm low-power process satisfied the 600-MHz operation frequency. And we confirm a reduction in area by comparing the improved FPU with the existing FPU.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2002

Human ferritin H- and L-chain genes(hfH and hfL) were cloned into the yeast shuttle vector YEp352 with various promoters, and the vectors constructed were used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2805. Three different promoters fused to hfH and hfL were used: galactokinase 1 (GAL1) promoter, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPD) promoter and alcohol dehydrogenase 1(ADH1 ) promoter. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analyses displayed expression of the introduced hfH and hfL. In the production of both ferritin H and L subunits GAL1 promoter was more effective than GPD promoter or ADH1 promoter. Ferritin H and L subunits produced in S. cerevisiae were spontaneously assembled into its holoproteins as proven on native polyacrylamide gels. Both recombinant H and L-chain ferritins were catalytically active in forming iron core. When the cells were cultured in the medium containing 10 mM ferric citrate, the cell-associated concentration of iron was 174.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$ Per gram(dry cell weight) for the recombinant yeast YG-L and 148.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$ Per gram(dry cell weight) for the recombinant yeast YG-L but was 49.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$ Per gram(dry cell weight) in the wild type, indicating that the iron contents of yeast is improved by heterologous expression of human ferritin H-chain or L-chain genes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.696-702
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• 2009

Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) is an insect-pollinated tree species with large, perfect flower, and its seed sets average only about 10 percent naturally. In its controlled pollination, pollination bags are usually taken to prevent unwanted pollination, but bagging is an expensive and time-consuming process. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the need of pollination bag by estimating how much unintended pollination would occur when different cross methods were applied. Five different pollination methods were applied as follows: 1) natural open pollination (i.e. insect pollination) as a reference, 2) self-pollination; no removing reproductive organs with bagging, 3) open pollination; emasculated(removing sepal, petal and stamen) without bagging, 4) controlled pollination; emasculated with bagging and 5) controlled pollination; emasculated without bagging. Very low value of full seed rate (0.2%) was observed in method 3, it was suggested that removing stamen and petal restrict the activity of pollen vectors like bee. Difference in the full seed rate between method 4 and method 5 was not significant (27.9% versus 24.0%, respectively). Consequently, controlled pollination without bagging might be an alternative method for extensive breeding and mass production of seeds in yellow poplar.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.795-803
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• 2013

Various endometrial genes in ruminant ungulates are regulated by conceptus interferon tau (IFNT). However, the effect of each IFNT isoform has not been carefully evaluated. In this study, the effects of 2 IFNT isoforms, paralogs found in utero, and interferon alpha (IFNA) on uterine epithelial and Mardin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were evaluated. Expression vectors of the bovine interferon (bIFNT) genes bIFNT1, bIFNTc1, and bIFNA were constructed, and recombinant bIFNs (rbIFNs) were produced by 293 cells. Bovine uterine epithelial or MDBK cells were cultured in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of each rbIFN for 24, 48, or 72 h. Transcript levels of the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) ISG12, ISG15, MX1, and MX2 were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These messenger RNAs were up-regulated by rbIFN in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In the epithelial cells, the ISG12 transcript level increased at 48 h after rbIFN treatment but slightly decreased at 72 h, whereas the transcript level of ISG15 increased at 24 h and was maintained through 72 h. Expressions of MX1 and MX2 increased at 72 h after rbIFN treatment. MX1 expression increased in all treatment groups, but MX2 increased only by bIFNTc1. In MDBK cells, the expression of ISG12 was increased by bIFNT1 and bIFNTc1 after 24 and 72 h; however, it was unchanged by rbIFNA. ISG15 increased following the same pattern as that seen in uterine epithelial cells, and MX1 showed a similar expression pattern. MX2 expression was increased by bIFNTc1 treatment in uterine epithelial cells, and its expression was increased by both bIFNT1 and bIFNTc1 in MDBK cells. These results show that epithelial and MDBK cell responses to IFNs differ, suggesting that IFNs possess common functions, but may have acquired different functions following gene duplication.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6165-6171
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the expression and clinical significance of cyclin G2 (CCNG2) in thyroid carcinoma and the biological effects of CCNG2 overexpression in a cell line. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to analyze CCNG2 protein expression in 63 cases of thyroid cancer and normal tissues to allow the relationship with clinical factors to be assessed. CCNG2 lentiviral and empty vectors were transfected into the thyroid cancer K1 cell line. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were applied to detect the mRNA and protein levels of CCNG2. MTT assay and cell cycle were also conducted to assess the influence of up-regulated expression of CCNG2 on K1 cell biology. The level of CCNG2 protein expression was found to be significantly lower in thyroid cancer tissue than normal tissues (P<0.05). Western blot: The relative amount of CCNG2 protein in thyroid cancer tissue was respectively found to be significantly lower than in normal tissues (P<0.05), correlating with lymph node metastasis, clinic stage and histological grade (P<0.05), but not gender, age or tumor size (P>0.05). Loss of CCNG2 expression correlated significantly with poor overall survival time on Kaplan-Meier analysis (P<0.05). The results for biological functions showed that K1 cell transfected CCNG2 had a lower survival fraction, a greater percentage in the G0/G1 phases, and lower cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) protein expression compared with K1 cells non-transfected with CCNG2 (P<0.05). CCNG2 expression decreased in thyroid cancer and correlated significantly lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, histological grade and poor overall survival, suggesting that CCNG2 may play important roles as a negative regulator in thyroid cancer K1 cells by promoting degradation of CDK2.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2087-2093
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• 2012

Previous evidence showed ${\beta}1$, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (${\beta}3GnT8$), which can extend polylactosamine on N-glycans, to be highly expressed in some cancer cell lines and tissues, indicating roles in tumorigenesis. However, so far, the function of ${\beta}3GnT8$ in laryngeal carcinoma has not been characterized. To test any contribution, Hep-2 cells were stably transfected with sense or interference vectors to establish cell lines that overexpressed or were deficient in ${\beta}3GnT8$. Here we showed that cell proliferation was increased in ${\beta}3GnT8$ overexpressed cells but decreased in ${\beta}3GnT8$ knockdown cells using MTT. Furthermore, we demonstrated that change in ${\beta}3GnT8$ expression had significant effects on tumor growth in nude mice.We further provided data suggesting that overexpression of ${\beta}3GnT8$ enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at both the mRNA and protein levels, associated with shedding of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase TIMP-2. In addition, it caused increased production of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$), whereas ${\beta}3GnT8$ gene knockdown caused the reverse effect. The results may indicate a novel mechanism by which effects of ${\beta}3GnT8$ in regulating cellular proliferation are mediated, at least in partvia targeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-${\beta}1$ in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. The finding may lay a foundation for further investigations into the ${\beta}3GnT8$ as a potential target for therapy of laryngeal carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2045-2049
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the effect of down-regulation of Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) expression on the apoptosis of human Burkitt lymphoma cells (Daudi cells) and potential mechanisms. Methods: Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting SENP1 was designed and synthesized and then cloned into a lentiviral vector. A lentiviral packaging plasmid was used to transfect Daudi cells (sh-SENP1-Daudi group). Daudi cells without transfection (Daudi group) and Daudi cells transfected with blank plasmid (sh-NC-Daudi group) served as control groups. Flow cytometry was performed to screen GFP positive cells and semiquantitative PCR and Western blot assays were employed to detect the inference efficiency. The morphology of cells was observed under a microscope before and after transfection. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot assays were conducted to measure the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis related molecules (caspase-3, 8 and 9). After treatment with $COCl_2$ for 24 h, the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor -$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) was determined. Results: Sequencing showed the expression vectors of shRNA targeting SENP1 to be successfully constructed. Following screening of GFP positive cells by FCM, semiqualitative PCR showed the interference efficiency was $79.2{\pm}0.026%$. At 48 h after transfection, the Daudi cells became shrunken, had irregular edges and presented apoptotic bodies. Western blot assay revealed increase in expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9 with prolongation of transfection (P<0.05). Following hypoxia treatment, mRNA expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ remained unchanged in three groups (P>0.05) but the protein expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ markedly increased (P<0.05). However, in the sh-SENP1-Daudi group, the protein expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ remained unchanged Conclusion: SENP1-shRNA can efficiently inhibit SENP1 expression in Daudi cells. SENP1 inhibition may promote cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that SENP1 may serve as an important target in the gene therapy of Burkitts lymphoma.