• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2000

Objective : In order to study effects of Chungsanggyuntong-tang on Hyperlipidemia which causes Hypertension, Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral vascular disease and Ischemic heart disease Methods : The changes of serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, body weight and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang were administered p.o to the Hyperlipidemic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet for 10, 20 and 30 days. Results : The food consumption and the body weight were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group, except Double-dosage 30days. The contents of total lipid were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 20, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show any significant change compared with control group. The contents of total cholesterol were decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group, but did not show any significant changes compared with control group. The contents of triglyceride were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show significant changes compared with control group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 and 30 days compared with control group. The liver and spleen weight were significantly increased in control group compared with normal group. The liver weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. The liver, spleen and kidney weight were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. Conclusions : It was thought that Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2013

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of men worldwide. ED is now considered an early manifestation of atherosclerosis, and consequently, a precursor of systemic vascular disease. Lycii fructus extracts (LFE) were administered for 4 weeks to assess the improving effects on ED. Animals were divided into one normal group and four LFE-treated groups (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g/kg). We induced ED in the study animals by oral administration of 20% ethanol instead of water everyday for 4 weeks. This study was designed to investigate the effects of LFE on the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression; NO levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP); blood profile; and erectile response of the corpus cavernosum of the rat penis. The libido of the LFE-administered male rats was higher than that of the ethanol control group. The erectile response of the corpus cavernosum was restored after LFE administration, to a level similar to the normal group. In addition, the iNOS in the corpus cavernosum of the male rats administered LFE decreased. In contrast, compared to the control group, LFE-administered male rats showed increased eNOS, NO and cGMP levels in the corpus cavernosum. These results indicate that LFE effectively restored ethanol-induced ED in male rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1976

One hundred and seventy-four patients were treated in this Department since 1956. One hundred and fifteen patients of them were surgically treated. They were classified on the basis of the disease entity as follows; 48 case of thrombo-angiitis obliterance, 8 cases of Leriche syndrome, 12 cases of arterial embolism, 36 arterial aneurysm, 5 arterio-venous fistula, 15 arterial and venous injuries, 8 pulseless diseases, 2 coarctation of aortas, 15 varicose veins, 12 thrombophlebitis, 9 superior venacaval syndromes, 2 inferior vena caval obstructions and Raynaud's diseases. All the cases of the Burger's diseases were males, and half of them were in the fourth decades, 39 cases underwent undergone unilateral or bilateral sympathectomies. All the Leriche syndromes were males aged over fifty. Three cases out of six were suffering from diabetes mellitus. 2 cases underwent aorto-femoral bypass graft with Y-shaped dacrons. And two embolectomies were performed in 2 cases. Eight cases of arterial embolisms among 12 had mitral valvular diseases with auricular fibrillation The most common site of lodgement of emboli was femoral artery. Nine out of 14 underwent embolectomies with Fogarty catheters. There were 14 peripheral arterial aneurysms, 16 thoracic and/or abdominal aortic aneurysms, and 4 dissecting aneurysms. Most frequent cause of peripheral arterial aneurysms were external trauma. Thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms were non-traumatic. And four cases of the dissecting aneurysms had significant hypertension and aged over fifty. Among 5 cases of arteriovenous fistulas, 2 cases hand typical Branham's sign, and they were normalized after operation. Eight cases of pulseless disease were females and aged from three to twenty-five. Three out of them were treated surgically using dacron prosthetic grafts, but the results of the surgery were variable and not satisfactory. A case of coarctation of aorta was treated surgically with an excellent result. Fourteen out of 15 varicose veins underwent ligation of the saphenous vein system, exstirpation of the varicose veins, stripping or some combination of these methods. Two cases of superior vena caval syndromes were operated by bypass graft between the left innominate vein and the right auricle. Two cases of inferior vena caval obstructions were operated upon through right atrial route using extracorporial circulation. All the four cases of vena caval obstructions showed excellent results postoperatively. Two cases out of 12 thrombophlebitis underwent thrombectomies. One of two Raynaud's diseases was surgically treated with an excellent result.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigated the usefulness of MR perfusion image comparing with SPECT image. A total of pediatric 30 patients(average age : 7.8) with Moyamoya disease were performed MR Perfusion with 32 channel body coil at 3T from March 01, 2010 to June 10, 2010. The MRI sequences and parameters were as followed : gradient Echo-planar imaging(EPI), TR/TE : 2000ms/50ms, FA : $90^{\circ}$, FOV : $240{\times}240$, Matrix : $128{\times}128$, Thickness : 5mm, Gap : 1.5mm. Images were obtained contrast agent administrated at a rate of 1mL/sec after scan start 10s with a total of slice 1000 images(50 phase/1 slice). It was measured with visual color image and digitize data using MRDx software(IDL version 6.2) and also, it was compared of measurement with values of normal and abnormal ratio to analyze hemodynamic change, and a comparison between perfusion MR with technique using Warm Color at SPECT examination. On MR perfusion examination, the color images from abnormal region to the red collar with rCBV(relative cerebral blood volume) and rCBF(relative cerebral blood flow) caused by increase cerebral blood flow with brain vascular occlusion in surrounding collateral circulation advancement, the blood speed relatively was depicted slowly with blue in MTT(Mean Transit Time) and TTP(Time to Peak) images. The region which was visible abnormally from MR perfusion examination visually were detected as comparison with the same SPECT examination region, would be able to confirm the identical results in MMD(Moyamoya disease)judgments. Hymo-dynamic change in MR perfusion examination produced by increase and delay cerebral blood flow. This change with digitize data and being color imaging makes enable to distinguish between normal and abnormal area. Relatively, MR perfusion examination compared with SPECT examination could bring an excellent image with spatial resolution without radiation expose.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.376-381
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• 2006

배경: Ki-67 단백질은 세포의 증식활성도를 나타내는 생물표식자로, 비소세포폐암 환자에서 Ki-67 단백질의 증가는 예후에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구는 비소세포폐암으로 폐절제술을 실시한 환자에서 Ki-67 단백질의 발현정도를 조사하여, 단백질의 발현증가가 환자의 임상적 병리적 양상과 술 후 재발과 생존기간에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 근치적 폐절제술을 실시한 38명의 비소세포폐암 조직에서 단클론항체 Ki-67로 면역조직화학염색을 실시하여 Ki-67 Labeling Index (LI)를 구하였다. 환자를 Ki-67 증가군$(LI{\ge}20%)$과 Ki-67 비증가군(LI<20%)으로 분류하여, 두 군의 술 전 임상적 병리적 특성, 술 후 생존기간 및 무병생존기간을 비교하였다. 결과: Ki-67 LI는 불균질한 분포를 보였고 평균 LI는 $20.0{\pm}20.1%$였다. Ki-67 증가군과 비증가군 간에나이, 성별, 흡연, TNM 병기, 혈관침윤은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 증가군은 비증가군에 비해 편평상피암이 많고, 분화도가 나쁘며, 임파침윤이 많았다$(p{\le}0.05)$. 증가군은 중앙 생존기간(47.2 vs. 96.5개월)과 중앙 무병생존기간(18.2 vs. 72.3개월)이 비증가군보다 짧았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(각각 p=0.312, p=0.327). 결론: 이상의 연구를 통해 비소세로폐암 환자에서의 Ki-67 단백질 발현증가는 수술 후 환자의 예후에 나쁜 인자로 작용하여 생존기간과 무병생존기간이 짧아지는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성이 부족하여 향후 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2002

Objective : Previous studies have suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) mutations are associated with increased risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Recently, a second site polymorphism in MTHFR, 1298A-->C, which changes a glutamic acid into an alanine residue, was shown to be associated with a decreased enzyme activity. We tested whether the variant alleles of MTHFR C677T and A1298C are risk factor (biomarker) for RSA. Materials and Methods: We analyzed DNA from a case-control study in the Korean DNA was extracted from blood samples of 118 patients with RSA and 123 healthy fertile patients as the controls. MTHFR variant alleles were determined by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Results: We found no evidence for an association between 677TT genotype and risk of RSA (OR=1.95, 95% CI=$0.84{\sim}4.50$, p=0.12). However, the MTHFR 1298AC (OR=0.36, 95% CI=$0.20{\sim}0.63$, p=0.0004) and 1298AC+CC (OR=0.35, 95% CI=$0.20{\sim}0.61$, p=0.0002) genotypes were lower among 118 RSA cases compared with 123 controls, conferring a 2.8-fold decrease in risk of RSA, respectively. Moreover, the combined genotypes of MTHFR 677CC/1298AC (OR=0.30, 95% CI=$0.10{\sim}0.88$, p=0.029) and 677CT/1298AC (OR=0.77, 95% CI=$0.60{\sim}0.99$, p=0.043) also showed significantly lower risk than those with MTHFR 677CC/1298AA type. Conclusion: MTHFR 1298AC, MTHFR 677CC/1298AC and 677CT/1298AC genotypes may represent genetic markers for the protection of RSA at least in Korean women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.706-716
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• 2005

High blood pressure is an important determinant of the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Recommendations for control of high blood pressure emphasize lifestyle modification, including weight control, reduced sodium intake, increased physical activity. Subjects who were normotensive (n=19, $47.2\pm9.0$ y, BP l16/81 mmHg) ,treatment hypertensive (n=33, $54.2\pm6.9$ y, BP 132/85 mmHg) and non-treatment hypertensive (n=14, $50.1\pm11.0$ y, 149/94 mmHg) recruited. Anthropometric assessment (height weight waist circumference, hip circumference, fat$\%$, fat mass, and lean body mass) and dietary assessments (using 3-days food records, daily nutrient intakes were inuysed by CAN PRO 2.0 were carried out. Blood and 24-hour urine were collected). Test of recognition for salt taste threshold were performed. In non-treatment hypertensive male subjects, weight, $\%$IBW, BMI, and waist circumference were significantly higher than those of normotensive and treatment hypertensive subjects (p<0.05) .Food habits were not significantly different among the three groups. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B,, and vitamin B, were significantly higher in normotensive group (p<0.05). Intakes of sodium and salt taste recognition threshold were the highest in normotensive group and the lowest in treatment hypertensive group (p<0.05). Blood levels of lipids and minerals were not significantly different among the three groups. Urinary calcium level of normotensive group were significantly higher than that of treatment hypertensive and non-treatment hypertensive groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that continuous management of hypertension by drug and non-drug treatment affects salt taste recognition threshold and reduced the consumption of sodium. However, dietary sodium intake exceed recommended sodium intake to prevent and treat hypertension. It is necessary to develop the lifestyle modification program that may have beneficial effects on hypertension treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2011

Acute renal injury induced by ischemia is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and a common complication in hospitalized patients. Thus, the work with acute renal failure and renal ischemia has been studied for many years. Although serum creatinine concentration that is widely used as an index of renal function performs fairly well for estimating kidney function in patients with stable chronic kidney disease, it performs poorly in the setting of acute disease. Thus, an ideal biomarker for acute kidney injury would help clinicians and scientists diagnose the most common form of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients, acute tubular necrosis, early and accurately, and may aid to risk-stratify patients with acute kidney injury by predicting the need for renal replacement therapy, the duration of acute kidney injury, the length of stay and mortality. In this study, renal ischemia and reperfusion were performed by clapming and un-clamping right renal artery in miniature pigs. Plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were examined at pre- clamping, after-clamping at 0, 1 and 3 hours. And we searched initial indicators in these samples. Also, renal tissue was collected and searched the initial indicator by PCR and western blotting. As a result, hypoxia inducible factor $1{\alpha}$ ($HIF1{\alpha}$), nuclear factor kappa-B ($NF{\kappa}B$), $I{\kappa}B$, erythropoietin (EPO), erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were showed significant changes among the renal protein. $HIF1{\alpha}$, EPO, and EPOR were showed significant changes among the renal gene. Thus, these markers will be used as initial diagnosis of acute renal failure.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2004

보리호위축병(BaYMV)에 의한 보리의 생육 피해 및 세포학적 변화를 조사하였다. 보리호위축병에 이병된 포장의 보리는 생육 및 수량 구성요소가 피해를 받은 것으로 조사되었다. 보리호위축병에 의해 간장은 건전주에 비해 25cm 작아져 36%의 간장 단축율을 보였으며, 이 줄기신장의 억제는 $m^2$당 수수와 수당립수 등을 감소시켰다. 이들 생육의 피해로 인해 이병포장에서의 수량은 건전포장에 비해 70%이상 감소된 것으로 조사되었다. BaYMV에 감염된 보리 잎에는 전형적인 Bymovirus의 pinwheel형의 세포내 봉입체의 형성이 확인되었다. 또한 BaYMV는 줄기 신장과 관계가 있는 줄기와 추수도, 그리고 마디조직의 세포 신장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히, 줄기의 세포는 표피세포의 길이나 유관속 조직 크기와 같은 세포 생장에 큰 피해를 받은 것으로 조사되었다. 추수도 조직에서는 섬유조직과 cortex 세포의 크기에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 마디 조직에서는 건전주의 조직 전체 크기가 이병주에 비해 1.5배 정도 큰 결과를 보였다. 이들 결과는 BaYMV의 감염은 세포의 신장이 억제에 영향을 미치고, 이는 보리의 줄기 신장과 생육을 억제하게 되어 결국 수량 감소를 일으키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2000

Objectives : In order to study effects of Dansamyeum on Hyperlipidemia which causes Hypertension, Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral vascular disease and Ischemic heart disease Methods : The changes of serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, body weight and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Dansamyeum and Double-dosage Dansamyeum were administered p.o to the Hyperlipidemic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet for 10, 20 and 30 days. Results : The body weight was significantly decreased in Double-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 and 30 days compared with control group. The contents of total lipid were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 days, but Double-dosage Dansamyeum group did not show any significant change compared with control group. The contents of total cholesterol were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10 and 20 days compared with control group. The contents of triglyceride were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 30 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 10, 20 and 30 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10, 20 and 30 days compared with control group. The liver weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. The kidney and testis weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. The spleen weight was significantly decreased in Double-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. Conclusions : It was thought that Single-dosage Dansamyeum and Double-dosage Dansamyeum could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.