• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.353-359
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• 2000

'Yumyeong' is one of the most popular peach varieties in Korea. This study was conducted to monitor the developments of cells and tissues, and the changes in sugar contents during fruit growth and development. At bloom, there were two rows of vascular tissues, and the number and the position of internal vascular bundles were consistent during the fruit growth, however, the number of vascular tissues were increased and the distribution was irregular in the flesh tissues. The tissues between the inner integument and the internal vascular bundles showed different development characteristics from other parenchyma cells which were consisted of small and dense cells containing tannins. Such observation suggested that the stone of peach was consisted of inner epidermis and cells in the internal vascular tissues. The outer epidermis consisted of single layer cells at bloom differrentiated into 1-2 layers by horizontal cell divisions on 14 days after full bloom. On 30 days after full bloom, the epidermis was consisted of 5-6 layers by vertical cell divisions. The cell layers consisting the outer epidermis were gradually decreased to 1-2 layers at maturity. The observations on the changes in the epidermis confirmed that some of the cells consisting the hypodermis of peach fruit were originated from the cells of outer epidermis. Tylosis was observed from 35 days after full bloom and the size and number of tylosis were increased until full fruit maturity. The sucrose content showed the tendency of sharp increase from 50 days to 120 days after full bloom then decrease slightly. After when stone hardening ended, other solids showed a gradual decrease tendency from 80 days after full bloom.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2010

The petiole anatomy of three sections (sects. Calospira, Chamaedryon, and Spiraria) in the genus Spiraea (Rosaceae), which are distributed/cultivated in Korea, was studied and described in details. The vascular bundle system of the distal, medial, and proximal parts of the petiole were studied using LM with the aim of documenting any differences in vascular anatomy. Significant variation of anatomical characters was found in petiole shape (dichotomy, lens or subcircular in outline), presence of two distinct lateral wings, the thickness of epidermis, number of vascular bundles, length of ventral axis, length of dorsiventral axis, width of median vascular bundle, and length of median vascular bundle. All features were compared and we concluded that petiole anatomical characters can be useful for providing diagnostic features to distinguish the studied taxa. A key for identifying the Spiraea taxa in Korea based on their petiole anatomical characters is also provided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1977

I have investigated and compared the morphology of vascular bundle shown in the section of culm wall of bamboo trees growing on Mt. Jiri which were classified by Grosser and Liese with their methods of morphological classification. The results obtained were as follows: 1. It was shown that there are no b.g.i. types of bamboo classified by Grosser and Liese among the bamboo trees on Mt. Jiri (Phyllostachys and Sasa). 2. As for the thickness of the culm wall in the culm, it was shown that the culm wall of the Phyllostachys becomes thinner in proportion to its nearness to the upper part of the tree, but no distinctive difference appeared in the Sasa. 3. The c, d, and e types of Sasa were the same as those of the Phyllostachys, but there was a vascular bundle type of the a' type, which was quite different from that of the Phyllostachys. 4. It was shown that the a', d, and e types of Sasa were distributed in a zone less than 500m above sea level, but no a' type was distributed in the high mountain area except for the c, d and e types which ranged from 600m to 1000m above sea level. Such facts mean that the vascular bundle sheath has changed in quantity because of the height of mountain. 5. In general, as compared with the Phyllostachys, the Sasa (types a, c, d and e which included a new type a) have fewer vascular bundles. 6. Considering the above results, it is thought that not by the current Sasa classification method based on observation of the the study of Sasa form the outside, but by a new method of classification based on the aspect of the physiological construction as seen from the inside wall is advanced. I believe this new method of classification to be a first step towards an epoch-making methodological advance and encourage the further study of it.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.168-172
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• 2004

In India, Gymnema sylvestre due to the unique property of the plant to antagonize the sweet taste is known as 'Gur-mar'. It has several ethnomedicinal values as various tribals/traditional communities and rural peoples of India find diverse medicinal uses viz. antidiabetic, stomachic, diuretic, and is useful in cough and throat troubles. Besides, it has strong effect on reducing blood sugar. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the aerial parts of G. sylvestre collected from three places of the country-Varanasi (U.P), Panchmarhi (M.P), Salem (Tami Nadu) and commercial sample procured from local market. The botanical and physico-chemical parameters of all the samples were quite similar though little variations were observed in foaming index, alcohol and water soluble extractives of local sample. The microscopic characteristics of the drug are horse shoe shaped petiole with 3 amphicribal vascular bundles, sieve tubes well developed; anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the fan shaped amphicribal vascular bundle, presence of intraxylary phloem. The TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples was more or less similar only the quantity of some of the compounds varied.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.771-777
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• 2008

Calmodulin (CaM) proteins, members of the EF-hand family of $Ca^{2+}$-binding proteins, represent important relays in plant calcium signals. Here, OsCam1-1 was isolated by PCR amplification from the rice genome. The gene contains an ORF of 450 base pairs with a single intron at the same position found in other plant Cam genes. A promoter region with a TATA box at position-26 was predicted and fused to a gus reporter gene, and this construct was used to produce transgenic rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. GUS activity was observed in all organs examined and throughout tissues in cross-sections, but activity was strongest in the vascular bundles of leaves and the vascular cylinders of roots. To examine the properties of OsCaM1-1, the encoding cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli. The electrophoretic mobility shift when incubated with $Ca^{2+}$ indicates that recombinant OsCaM1-1 is a functional $Ca^{2+}$-binding protein. In addition, OsCaM1-1 bound the CaMKII target peptide confirming its likely functionality as a calmodulin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2017

Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima are rice cultivars distributed in Asia and Africa. There are several differences between these cultivars in morphological characteristics such as panicle structure and especially the secondary branch number of O. glaberrima is less than that of O. sativa. Generally, branch number of panicle related to a large vascular bundle number (VBN) among O. sativa and there is a wide variation of the VBN of the peduncle from where the bundles enter into the rachis branches. However, there is less information about VBN in O. glaberrima and also the relationship between VBN and branch numbers, the primary branch number (PBN) and secondary branch number (SBN). Additionally, the genetic factor for VBN and branch number in O. glaberrima is not completely exploited. In this study, phenotypic variation for VBN and panicle structure were investigated using a set of 40 $BC_3$ -derived from IRGC 104038 (O. glaberrima from Senegal) and 35 $BC_4$ -derived from IRGC103777 (O. glaberrima from Mali) introgression lines with a genetic background of japonica rice Taichung 65. Taichung 65 had 11.8 PBN, 16.0 SBN and 11.5 VBN, while IRGC 103777 had 12.0 PBN, 15.0 SBN and 15.3 VBN. The introgression lines derived from IRGC 104038 had range from 9.0 to 14.4 in the PBN, range from 9.6 to 33.5 in the SBN and range from 9.8 to 14.8 in the VBN. Additionally, the introgression lines derived from IRGC 103777 had range from 9.0 to 18.5 in the PBN, range from 10.3 to 39.0 in the SBN and range from 9.0 to 15.3 in the VBN. Among two set of introgression lines, there are significant correlation between VBN and PBN. Multiple introgression lines indicated higher PBN, SBN and VBN than Taichung 65 and these examined characteristics are supposedly controlled by quantitative traits loci. The genetic factor related to VBN and panicle architecture can be revealed using segregating population in future study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1990

The author observed the changes of vasculature of pre-and post-irradiation on DMBA induced rat tongue cancer. The study was performed by using vascular corrosion resin casting, and scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. The capillaries runned parallely and formed bundles and, sometimes, plexus. The endothelial cells were arranged regularly and small pores were observed. 2. In irradiated normal tongue the capillaries were curved slightly and formed plexus on initial day of post-irradiation. On third day the capillaries and capillary pores were dilated and the endothelial cell arrangement was irregular. The effects of irradiation were gradually increased from initial to the 3rd day, though it was decreased after 7th day. 3. The vasculature of DMBA induced tongue cancer group were very irregular, and large avascular lesions were formed according to the cancer necrosis or tumor cell nest and the vasculature was narrowed and paralleled around the avascular lesion by compression of cancer cell nest. The vascular wall was roughened and dilated, forming club shaped or varix. 4. The vessels were curved and formed reticular network in irradiated DMBA induced tongue carinoma group. The free end of newly formed capillaries had regular width, and also irregular club shaped or aneurysmal dilatation were observed. The vascular structures were destroyed and vessels were fused in tumor necrosis lesion. The radiation effects were marked on the first and third day of irradiation and the effects were decreased after seventh day and showed capillary regeneration.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 1996

Water storage cells (WSCs) in the leaf succulent Orostachys malacophyllus have been studied to understand their adaptive nature to its coastal habitat employing the electron microscopy. Attention has been paid to the features of vacuoles and plasmodesmata in this study, since leaf tissues in O. malacaphyllus are under continous physiological drought due to its occurrence in the shore-line environment. The WSCs occupied almost all of the leaf volume and appeared empty at low magnifications. Among the WSCs, small rudimentary vascular bundles were scattered throughout the internal volume. However, in high magnification the WSCs were vacuolate in most cases and vacuolization into a well-developed huge central vacuole was very common phenomenon. Such vacuolization has been detected within the vacuoles as well as within the cytoplasms. Well-developed plasmodesmata were often found in cells appeared to be mucilagenous. Moreover, plasmodesmata being involved in the secretion of materials or structures were even encountered. Thus, vacuolization from various sizes of vacuoles in the WSCs to have a huge central vacuole seems playing an important role in adapting the plant itself to its coastal habitat.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2007

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate diagnostic difference and anti-oxidative effect of 3 different Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) extracts. Methods : Microscopic examination was used to distinguish histological differences. And eliminative ability of several kinds of free radicals was also measured. Results : In microscopic examination, we can distinguished three different lineage of AR with different structure of vascular bundles and secretory structures. The extract of AR show profitable abilities of elimination of DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical and hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion : So, it can be concluded that AR extract has an anti-oxidative effects. Especially indeciduous lineage was most effective to remove free radicals.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 1975

The pharmacognostical and pharmacological studies of 'Manryong' were carried out, which has been widely used in Chun-Ra Province, Korea and the following results were obtained. 1) The original plant of the bulb MANRYONG is Erythronium japonicum DECNE. (Liliaceae). 2) The internal structure consists of mostly parenchyma containing numerous starch grains, vascular bundles and substituted fibers. 3) The external surface occurs as a yellowish white and slightly bented ovoidal shape. 4) 'Manryong; contains 11 kinds of free amino acids, such as asparagin, tryptophan, cystine, glutamic acid, threonine, glycine, leucine, proline, histidine, methionine, and alanine. 5) Hemolytic action of the crude saponin isolated from 'Manryong' is weaker than that of digitonin. 6) Effects of 'Manryong' extracts on ceruloplasmin were studied and an antidotal activity of the extracts was found in liver intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride.