• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.395-409
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• 2020

With verifications through many relevant researches in the past few decades, adopting the equivalent lateral force procedure for designing seismically isolated structures as a preliminary or even final design approach has become considerably mature and publicly acceptable, especially for seismic isolation systems that mechanically exhibit bilinear hysteretic behavior. During the design procedure, in addition to a given seismic demand, structural designers still need to previously determine three parameters, such as mechanical properties of seismic isolation systems or design parameters and performance indices of seismically isolated structures. However, an arbitrary or improper selection of given parameters might cause diverse or even unacceptable design results, thus troubling structural designers very much. In this study, first, based on the criterion that at least either two design parameters or two performance indices of seismically isolated structures are decided previously, the rationality and applicability of design results obtained from different conditions are examined. Moreover, to consider variations of design parameters of seismically isolated structures attributed to uncertainties of mechanical properties of seismic isolation systems, one of the conditions is adopted to perform bounding analysis for seismic isolation design. The analysis results indicate that with a reasonable equivalent damping ratio designed, considering a specific variation for two design parameters (the effective stiffness and equivalent damping ratio) could present more conservative bounding design results (in terms of isolation displacement and acceleration transmissibility) than considering the same variation but for two mechanical properties (the characteristic strength and post-yield stiffness).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.495-502
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• 2016

Italian Ryegrass (IRG), which is known as high yielding and the highest quality winter annual forage crop, is grown in mid-south area in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the monitoring IRG growth. Unmanned aerial vehicle imagery obtained from middle March to late May in Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do. Unmanned aerial vehicle imagery corrected geometrically and atmospherically to calculate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We analyzed the relationships between $NDVI_{UAV}$ of IRG and biophysical measurements such as plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight over an entire IRG growth period. The similar trend between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and growth parameters was shown. Correlation analysis between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and IRG growth parameters revealed that $NDVI_{UAV}$ was highly correlated with fresh weight (r=0.988), plant height (r=0.925), and dry weight (r=0.853). According to the relationship among growth parameters and $NDVI_{UAV}$, the temporal variation of $NDVI_{UAV}$ was significant to interpret IRG growth. Four different regression models, such as (1) Linear regression function, (2) Linear regression through the origin, (3) Power function, and (4) Logistic function were developed to evaluate the relationship between temporal $NDVI_{UAV}$ and measured IRG growth parameters. The power function provided higher accurate results to predict growth parameters than linear or logistic functions using coefficient of determination. The spatial distribution map of IRG growth was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of geographical variation and relative numerical values when $NDVI_{UAV}$ was applied to power function. From these results, $NDVI_{UAV}$ can be used as a new tool for monitoring IRG growth.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1977

Most of the current literature on inventory theory has been devoted to the study of single stage models. A class of inventory problems which is of great interest is the multistage inventory system which involves a series and hierarchical sequence of stations. This study analyzes some aspect of the series type and multi-stage inventory system, using the fixed cycle ordering which bas a modificatory control function in the system equations. The objective of this study is to clarify the dynamic behavior of the system. The author has derived the theoretical formulas of variation of ordering quantity and stock fluctuation of each stage due to power spectral density function. Influence of parameters such as, (1) intensity of autocorrelation of demand sequence ($\lambda$), (2) forecasting exponential smoothing factors of each stage (${\alpha}_1,\;{\alpha}_2,\;{\alpha}_3$) and (3) production control factor of the 3rd stage ($\gamma$), as operators of the system on the variation of ordering quantity and stock fluctuation of the system. is also clarified. As a result of this study, the relations between the variation of ordering quantity, stock fluctuation and the parameters of the system, have been found. The principles and the theorical analysis presented here will be applicable to more complex type of discrete control systems in constructing the specific condition of the system to minimize inventory variances.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 2024

The present paper investigates the spatial variability effect of soil property on the three-dimensional probabilistic characteristics of the bearing capacity factor (i.e., mean and coefficient of variation) of a circular footing resting on clayey soil where both mean and standard deviation of undrained shear strength increases with depth, keeping the coefficient of variation constant. The mean trend of undrained shear strength is defined by introducing the dimensionless strength gradient parameter. The finite difference method along with the random field and Monte Carlo simulation technique, is used to execute the numerical analyses. The lognormal distribution is chosen to generate random fields of the undrained shear strength. In the study, the potential failure of the structure is represented through the failure probability. The influences of different vertical scales of fluctuation, dimensionless strength gradient parameters, and coefficient of variation of undrained shear strength on the probabilistic characteristics of the bearing capacity factor and failure probability of the footing, along with the probability and cumulative density functions, are explored in this study. The variations of failure probability for different factors of safety corresponding to different parameters are also illustrated. The results are presented in non-dimensional form as they might be helpful to the practicing engineers dealing with this type of problem.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 1996

We have analyzed collected photoelectric light curves for light variations of SW Lac. The method of Fourier analysis was adopted to quantify the light variation from season to season. We found the linear relation between the Fourier coefficient, B1 and the magnitude difference between two maxima. The total light of the system has been decreased as much as 0m.04 during approxiamately 20 years time interval. Photoelectric parameters including spot parameters for all light curves were obtained by the method of the Wilson and Devinney differential correction in order to secure the variations of parameters from season to season. SW Lac, not like RS CVn type stars, required to adjust all parameters as well as spot parameters for a reasonable fit to the observations of each epoch. A surface temperature of cooler star is one of the most sensitive parameters to affect a shape of light curve of SW Lac. We conclude that the shape of light curve of SW Lac varies even during one season as well as season to season. The light curve is mainly caused by inhomogeneous surface temperature due to strong chromospheric activity of the system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.122-129
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• 1996

The spark timing is one of major parameters to the engine performance and emissions. The ECU controls the spark timing based on preset values, which are functions of load and speed, in most of today's automotive SI engine. In this system, the preset spark timing can be different from optimum value due to the deviations from mass production, aging effects and so on. In the present study, a control logic is investigated for real time adaptation of spark timing to optimal value. It has been found that crank angle of miximum cylinder pressure is one of the appropriate parameters to estimate the optimum spark timing throught experiment. It has also been observed for spark timing convergence by variation of engineering model factors. The simulation program including engineering model for cycle by cycle variation of combustion is developed for surveying spark timing control logic. It is also shown that simulation results reflect experiment outputs and reasonableness of spark timing control logic for crank angle of maximum cylinder pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.831-838
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• 2013

This paper focused on the design of an efficient temperature controller for a plant with a wide range of operating temperatures. The greater the temperature difference a plant has, the larger the nonlinearity it is exposed to in terms of heat transfer. For this reason, we divided the temperature range into five sections, and each was modeled using ARMAX(auto regressive moving average exogenous). The movement of the dominant poles of the sliced system was analyzed and, based on the variation in the system parameters with temperature, optimal control parameters were obtained through simulation and experiments. From the configurations for each section of the temperature range, a temperature-based gain-scheduled controller (TBGSC) was designed for parameter variation of the plant. Experiments showed that the TBGSC resulted in improved performance compared with an existing proportional integral derivative (PID) controller.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.194-201
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the valid time for accurate detection of complete blood cell count (CBC) in pig blood using an automatic blood corpuscle analyzer (Hemavet 950FS). Blood samples were collected from 34 pigs (Duroc) with a 60 kg (${\pm}3.5$) body weight. Ten specimens with CBC parameters in normal range and with no hemolysis were selected among 34 samples and used in this study. Regarding leukocytes parameters, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NE), and lymphocyte (LY) counts showed a low daily variation (coefficient of variation, CV), whereas monocyte (MO), eosinophil (EO), and basophil (BA) CVs were significantly high (19.7, 56.9, and 53.3%, respectively). On the other hand, all parameters of erythrocytes and thrombocytes showed stable daily variation. All parameters of leukocytes and thrombocytes were significantly reduced as storage time passed (P<0.01 or 0.001), except for lymphocytes (P=0.535). However, no significant differences were observed in parameters of erythrocytes from blood up to 120 hours. From above results, we assert that Hemavet 950FS is useful in analyzing CBC, except for MO, EO, and BA. For accurate detection of leukocyte and thrombocyte parameters, analysis should be performed within 4 hours after blood collection when using Hemavet 950FS. On the other hand, parameters of erythrocytes could be stably detected for at least 120 hours after blood collection.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.472-485
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• 1989

This paper represents the occurrence structure of the timing variation of TV horizontal synchronizing pulse(H-sync pulse) in mobile TV reception. Fluttering ghost is caused by timing varations of the H-sync pulse and is due to frequency elective fading in a multipath propagation envoronment. H-sync timing fluctuations, and hence, fluttering ghost are directly correlated with the multipath parameters, i.e., H-sync timing fluctuations reflect well the severity of the multipath environment. The occurrence structure of H-sync timtng fluctuation is analysed theoretically in relation to the multipath environnment. The occurrence structure of H-sync timing fluctuation is analysed theoretically in relation to the multipath parameters, assuming the two-ray propagation model. The H-sync timing fluctuation occurs with the variation in relative phase and /or D/U variation of long-delayed multipath waves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.457-461
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• 2007

In many applications, received signal strength indicator is used for location tracking and sensor nodes localization. For location finding, the distances between sensor nodes can be estimated by converting received signal's power into distance using path loss prediction model. Many researches have done the analysis of power-distance relationship for radio channel characterization. In indoor environment, the general conclusion is the non-linear variation of RSSI values as distance varied linearly. This has been one of the difficulties for indoor localization. This paper presents works on indoor RSSI characterization based on statistical methods to find the overall trend of RSSI variation at different places and times within the same room From experiments, it has been shown that the variation of RSSI values can be determined by both spatial and temporal factors. This two factors are directly indicated by the two main parameters of path loss prediction model. The results show that all sensor nodes which are located at different places share the same characterization value for the temporal parameter whereas different values for the spatial parameters. Using this relationship, the characterization for location estimation can be more efficient and accurate.