• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.47-71
• /
• 2005

The unexpected increase of violent crimes in Korea urges people to look for more dynamic explanations of criminal behavior other than sociological eugenics such as a struggle between social classes or assimilation to deviant social environment. In this study, criminal behavior is treated as personal matter according to the tradition of psychological theories of crime rather than sociological phenomenon. Furthermore, aggression is supposed to be one of the most basic dispositional characteristics of violent acts. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between aggression measured by BPAQ and criminality evaluated based on seriousness of criminal offenses. On the other hand, the cross-validity of BPAQ was also investigated since prevalence and expressive forms of violence is known to vary across cultures and even within a society. The variance analyses and causal modeling presented that BPAQ had satisfactory level of cross-validity and dispositional aggression measured by BPAQ might have causal effect on criminality of Korean offenders. Additionally, a theoretical internal structure of BPAQ had been confirmed to be reasonable by confirmatory factor analyses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to construct a quality of life (QOL) model for recipients of a liver transplant. Method: In consideration of the main factors influencing QOL in recipient of liver transplants, a hypothetical model was constructed with 16 paths. A questionnaire was used to collect data from recipients of liver transplants who were being followed at one of 3 university hospitals. For the final analysis, there were 189 completed questionnaires and the hypothetical model was verified through covariance structure using LISREL program. Results: Overall fitness indices of hypothetical model were GFI= .99, AGFI= .97, NNFI= .96 and RMR=.020. After considering modification indices and paths that proved not to be significant and to improve model fitness, the hypothetical model was modified. In the final model, 3 paths from the hypothetical model were excluded. Overall fitness indices of the final model were GFI= .99, AGFI= .98, NNFI= .98 and RMR= .020. Eleven of fifteen paths proved to be significant. QOL was influenced by duration after transplantation, perceived health status, self-esteem, uncertainty, social support, self efficacy and depression and these variables explained 65% of the variance. Conclusion: This study presents a theoretical model for QOL for recipients of a liver transplant. Based on the results of this study and to improve QOL for recipients of a liver transplant, it is suggested that interventions to re-enforce self efficacy and self-help are needed.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2010

Genetic variation was surveyed at the mitochondrial control region (766bp) to test for the presence of genetic stock structure in the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis from the Yellow and East China Seas. Individuals of the small yellow croaker could not be distinguished on the basis of its location, as demonstrated using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method, unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) and the minimum spanning network (MSN). Analysis of molecular variance revealed no significant differences among collections of the small yellow croaker taken from the four locations (two locations each in Korea and China). Neutrality tests and a mismatch distribution analysis indicated that this species has recently expanded. Our findings suggest either that the small yellow croaker has a high migration capability that enables it to overcome the effects of genetic drift, or that this species expanded relatively recently and has not yet had sufficient time to differentiate.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.330-340
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the level of Korean elderly's knowledge regarding concepts of end-of-life (EOL), Life-sustaining-treatment (LST), and advance directives (AD) which are critical aspects for establishing AD in Korean society. Methods: A questionnaire survey was done between October 2011 and February 2012. Knowledge of AD was evaluated with 3 aspects including EOL, LST, and AD utilizing a questionnaire that was developed by authors for the study. Data were collected from 268 community dwelling elderly from three cities and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and a Scheffe post hoc test with SAS Ver. 9.1 program. Results: Overall, Korean elderly were poorly acquainted with AD related concepts. Significant differences in awareness of AD including understanding of EOL, the level of comprehension of LST, and knowledge about AD were revealed by gender, education level, economic state, and acquaintance with terms of AD or LST. Conclusion: To acknowledge autonomy and support quality of life for elderly and to meet the purpose of AD, attention should be given to target populations including elderly in terms of knowledge level related to AD, social marketing, and infra structure relevant to practice AD in our society.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.1072-1080
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This paper was conducted to test the reliability and validity of rd-SLS, developed by Podsakoff, et al. (1993) which measured 'substitutes for leadership'. Method: The subjects were 345 nurses in 5 general hospitals. Cronbach's and the Guttman split-half coefficient were used to test the reliability of rd-SLS. Factor analysis, and the correlations of the rv-SLS and SLS with rd-SLS were used for convergent and discriminant validity. Result: Cronbach's data was 0.76 and the Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.52. Twelve factors evolved by factor analysis, which explained $70.4\%$ of the total variance. This result was similar to previous study results. However, 'Indifference toward organizational rewards'-related items were classified two factors. It was not clear t hat the rd-SLS consisted of 13 concepts(factors). The correlations of the rv-SLS and SLS with the rd-SLS were 0.93 and 0.87 respectively. Conclusion: The rd-SLS showed a moderate degree of validity and reliability. Thus, it is recommended to use the rd-SLS in general nursing organizations for screening for leadership substitutes. In addition, it is necessary to clarify the concept of organizational rewards. In a further study, the factor structure of the rd-SLS may be considered.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2004

In general, small-sized neural networks, even though they show good generalization performance, tend to fail to team the training data within a given error bound, whereas large-sized ones learn the training data easily but yield poor generalization. Therefore, a way of achieving good generalization is to find the smallest network that can learn the data, called the optimal-sized neural network. This paper proposes a new scheme for network pruning with ‘impact factor’ which is defined as a multiplication of the variance of a neuron output and the square of its outgoing weight. Simulation results of function approximation problems show that the proposed method is effective in regression.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.82-89
• /
• 2004

This paper describes how to reduce the effect of an occupation threshold by that the transform of mixture components of HMM parameters is controlled in hierarchical tree structure to prevent from over-adaptation. To reduce correlations between data elements and to remove elements with less variance, we employ PCA (principal component analysis) and ICA (independent component analysis) that would give as good a representation as possible, and decline the effect of over-adaptation. When we set lower occupation threshold and increase the number of transformation function, ordinary WLLR adaptation algorithm represents lower recognition rate than SI models, whereas the proposed MLLR adaptation algorithm represents the improvement of over 2% for the word recognition rate as compared to performance of SI models.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 1996

It is essential in modern industry that quality and procuctivity are improved continuously. To accomplish this purpose, quality control must be maintained in all parts of a company. Recently, some tire manufacture companies are beginning to show interest in quality control. They have tried to achive some results through the statistical analysis for the experimental data which has accumulated up to now and then they strive to determine the structural relationship between the design factors in tire construction and tire performance characteristics. The measurement data obtained from the construction engineering is given in multivariate form owing to the various properties found in tire design components as wll as in performance. Also it may be existed the relationship among the multimple response variables. Thus we proposes the use of the biplot graphical display as an analytic tool of data matrices with complex respects. The proposed biplots are also availalbe to understand both the underlying structure of the data and the roles played by the different components. In particular, we consider the matter of how best to use the biplots in the maltivariate analysis of variance and multiple response data. Finally we apply this method to analyze the actual data.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.587-594
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide researchers with a simplified approach to undertaking exploratory factor analysis for the assessment of construct validity. Methods: All articles published in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing were reviewed and other relevant books and articles were chosen for the review. Results: In this paper, the following were discussed: preliminary analysis process of exploratory factor analysis to examine the sample size, distribution of measured variables, correlation coefficient, and results of KMO measure and Bartlett's test of sphericity. In addition, other areas to be considered in using factor analysis are discussed, including determination of the number of factors, the choice of rotation method or extraction method of the factor structure, and the interpretation of the factor loadings and explained variance. Conclusion: Content validity is the degree to which elements of an assessment instrument are relevant to and representative of the targeted construct for a particular assessment purpose. This measurement is difficult and challenging and takes a lot of time. Factor analysis is considered one of the strongest approaches to establishing construct validity and is the most commonly used method for establishing construct validity measured by an instrument.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.630-641
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a model which explains drug misuse behaviors in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The design of this research is a cross-sectional study using structure equation modeling. The hypothetical model consisted of two types of variables: the exogenous variables of health status, cognitive ability, and negative emotion, and the endogenous variables of number of drugs, and drug misuse behaviors. The data collection was conducted from September 2 to September 21, 2013 through self-report questionnaires. Participants were 320 community-dwelling adults over the age of 65 living in J city. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 program and Amos 18.0 program. Results: The results of the model fitness analysis were satisfied. The predictor variables for the hypothetical model explained 62.3% of variance regarding drug misuse behaviors. Drug misuse behaviors were directly affected by health status, cognitive ability, negative emotion and number of drugs and indirectly affected by health status, and negative emotion through number of drugs. Conclusion: These findings indicate factors that should be used in developing effective nursing interventions for safe and proper drug use and the prevention of drug misuse behaviors in community-dwelling older adults.