• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.307-310
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• 2008

Limited therapeutic options are available for vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (VISE) infections and no optimum therapy has been established. We report a case of VISE skull osteomyelitis that was successfully treated with linezolid. The patient was a 53-year-old man who presented with headache, nausea and dysphasia. Brain computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a subdural hematoma in the left hemisphere. Craniotomy and hematoma evacuation was performed and he showed good recovery despite a scalp wound infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The organism isolated from the scalp wound was sensitive to vancomycin. The patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin for 44 days. However, he showed a high fever, persistent positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) blood cultures, and a deteriorating clinical status. He underwent infected skull bone flap removal and linezolid treatment for 35 days. During one year of follow up, he has not had any further episodes of osteomyelitis or fever. Linezolid has shown to be effective agent to eradiate osteomyelitis caused by VISE.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2006

VISA and VRE are the main causes of surgical infection, urinary tract infections and bacteremia in hospitals. In this study; we selected VISA (Vancomycin Intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus) isolated from the clinical isolates. One of the isolated strains indicated the high resistance to severel anti-biotics (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Mupirocin, Synercid, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Lincomycin, Cefotaxim, Meropenem). Antimicrobial activity of Bifidobacterium spp. against VISA and VRE were measured. About $10^4$ cells of VISA or VRE were mixed with 1,5 and 9 ml of Bifidobacterium and the final volume was adjusted to 10 ml with brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The cell suspension was incubated for 3, 6, 9, and 24 hr, serially diluted and then plated on BHI agar plate. As numbers of Bifidobacterium were increased viable cell count of VISA and VRE decreased. The strongest antimicrobial activity of the Bifidobacterium was observed after 9hr incubation in any mixture, almost completely inhibiting the growth of VISA and VRE.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2000

Vancomycin belongs to the vancomycin-risocetin family of glycopeptides, and is a subclass of linear sugar containg peptides composed of seven amino acids. Its strochemical configuration forms the basic of a peptidoglycon monomer. The glycosylated hexapeptide chainconsists of chloro-$\beta$-hydroxytyrosines, p-hytidoglycines, N-anthylleucine and aspartic acid forms a rigid molecular frame work and gives the difficulty in the analysis. Voncomycin in the serum samples is usually estimated by liquid chromatography and the bacterial sensitivity was genereally tested by the microbiological assay. The pressent review deals with the qualitative, quantutative, microbioligical and immunological assays and the comparison of the quantitative methods. Clinical implications of vancomycin have also been cited in the review.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 1994

Vancomycin inhibited the growth of the most large intestinal bacteria other than Bacteroides sp. and E. coli. Since Bacteroides are predominant compared with E. coli in the large intestinal tract of the adult, vancomycin-added medium(VA) was shown to be an effective selective medium for Bacteroides. VA showed comparable or better selectivity for Bacteroides sp. to NBGT which is being used currently as a most frequently used selective medium for Bacteroides in Japan.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.245-249
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• 2008

Peritonitis is one of the major complications of CAPD(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis). Recently, multidrug-resistant organisms, such as vancomycin-resistant enterococcus(VRE) have been rarely reported by the pathogen as of CAPD-associated peritonitis. But, there is limited information on choices of effective therapy for VRE peritonitis in patients undergoing CAPD. We present a pediatric case of successful treatment of CAPD-associated peritonitis due to VRE with linezolid, and review of the literature.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.297-301
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• 2014

We examined the effect of ionic liquid on the crystallization efficiency of vancomycin in an increased surface area crystallization with silica gel. The crystallization efficiency was improved by the addition of ionic liquid, [BMIm][$BF_4$]. The addition of ionic liquid (20%, v/v) on the increased surface area crystallization with silica gel dramatically reduced the crystallization time by 6 folds (4 h), compared with the results of the case where the surface area-increasing material and ionic liquid had not been added. In addition, the crystal size of vancomycin was decreased and the crystal quality of vancomycin was improved by increasing the addition of ionic liquid.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the pkarmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin using a 2-compartment model in 8 Korean healthy volunteers and 8 lymphoma patients. Vancomycin (1.0 g) was administered by IV infusion over 60 minutes. The $\beta-phase$ rate constant $(\beta)$, apparent volume of distribution at steady srate $(V_{ss})$, total body clearance (CL) and area under the plasma level-time curve (AUC) of vancomycin in healthy volunteers were $0.15\pm0.02\;hr^{-1},\;33.8\pm4.12\;L/kg,\;5.36\pm0.61\;L/hr\;and\;185.8\pm20.5\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr$, respectively. The corresponding values in lymphoma patients ere $0.09\pm0.02\;hr^{-1},\;38.2\pm5.11\;L/kg,\;4.58\pm0.52\;L/hr\;and\;218.3\pm22.9\;{\mu}g/ml{\cdot}hr$. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in ${\beta}$ and CL between healthy volunteers and lymphoma patients.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-85
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• 2012

Vancomycin-resistant (VR)-E. faecium and VR-E. faecalis were isolated simultaneously from a rectal swab of a patient diagnosed with pneumonia in an intensive care unit (ICU). The patient was treated with various antibiotics including vancomycin. Only VR-E. faecium was continually isolated from the rectal swab at one and two weeks of the treatment. Identical vanA, IS1216V, and IS1542 genes were detected in both VR-E. faecium and VR-E. faecalis isolates which showed equal resistance against vancomycin and teicoplanin, but IS1251 was not detected. VR-E. faecium showed stronger multi-drug resistance than VE-E. faecalis. This result supports the reason why VR-E. faecium is one of the major pathogens in nosocomial infections.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.427-430
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• 2014

We developed a novel immunochromatographic assay (ICA) (EZ-Step VanA rapid kit; Dinona, Korea) for the detection of VanA ligase from vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Of eight monoclonal antibodies screened by ELISAs, the VanA ligase ICA constructed with 1H9 plus 3G11 showed the greatest reactivity. The detection limit of the kit was $6.3{\times}10^6$ CFU per test. Of 127 vancomycin-resistant microorganisms, 100 vanA VRE were positive in the VanA ligase ICA, and 27 non-vanA vancomycin-resistant isolates were negative. These results were consistent with those of the PCR analyses. Thus, our ICA is a reliable and easy-to-use immunological assay for detecting VanA-producing VRE in clinical laboratories.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2021

Periplanetasin-2 from cockroach exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The underlying antibacterial mechanisms rely on the stimulation of reactive oxygen species overproduction to induce apoptotic cell death. A promising strategy to increase the bioavailability of periplanetasin-2 involves reducing the dose through combination therapy with other antibacterials that show synergistic effects. Thus, the synergistic antibacterial activity of periplanetasin-2 with conventional antibacterial agents and its mechanisms was examined against Escherichia coli in this study. Among the agents tested, the combinations of periplanetasin-2 with vancomycin and chloramphenicol exhibited synergistic effects. Periplanetasin-2 in combination with vancomycin and chloramphenicol demonstrated antibacterial activity through the intracellular oxidative stress response. The combination with vancomycin resulted in the enhancement of bacterial apoptosis-like death, whereas the combination with chloramphenicol enhanced oxidative stress damage. These synergistic interactions of periplanetasin-2 can help broaden the spectrum of conventional antibiotics. The combination of antimicrobial peptides and conventional antibiotics is proposed as a novel perspective on treatments to combat severe bacterial infection.