• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2016

In order to ensure a certain level of the quality of design, standardized evaluation indicators are being used as an objective criterion. Even though the evaluation indicators are quantifiable, limitations such as inefficiency and inconsistency caused by manual task in the evaluation process still have been found. BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology that is commonly adopted in architectural design process provides an environment which enables us to figure out a building model to be interpreted quantitatively with the basis of the building information model. It supports quantitative, consistent, accurate and quick evaluations so as to improve quality of design even in the initial design phase. This paper aims to establish BIM-enabled quantitative indicators and an evaluation framework to analyze building circulation even in early phase of design. The indicators are composed of 4 types (relative distance, accessibility, simplicity, pedestrian friendliness) and 7 sub-types. The evaluation framework is the process to derive Parameterized Path Value (PPV) as weighting on each indicator. For demonstrating the scalability of the suggested evaluation indicators and the framework, the authors implemented an evaluation tool and a case study has been carried out by using an actual building remodel project.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.562-572
• /
• 1989

The changes of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT], serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] and serum creatine phosphokinase [CPK] were examined during and after the open heart surgery. In the total of 52 patients with heart diseases including 40 cases of congenital heart anomalies and 12 cases of acquired valvular heart diseases who undergone open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The average value of SGOT before surgery was 30.27 [ 18:86 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 139.88 [ 89.43 units on the 1st day after the operation [p< 0.05], the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 3rd day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 7th day after the operation. 2. The average value of SGPT before surgery was 14.36 [ 7.45 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 34.67 [ 27.64 units on the 2nd day after the operation, but it was valueless statistically, the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 3rd day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 5th day after the operation. 3. The average value of LDH before surgery was 263.07 * 86.66 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 662.29 * 303.60 units on the 2nd day after the operation [p < 0.05], the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 5th day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 7th day after the operation. 4. The average value of CPK before surgery was 141.35 * 43.44 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 377.42 [ 222.02 units on the 1st day after the operation [p < 0.05], the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 5th day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 7th day after the operation. 5. In the relationships of the serum enzymes and duration of the extracorporeal circulation, the values on the group over 90 minute of the extracorporeal circulation were increased than on the group below 90 minute of the extracorporeal circulation, but it was valueless statistically.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.947-954
• /
• 2015

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma is a new technique in water pollutant degradation, which that is characterized by the production of chemically active species such as hydroxyl radicals, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, etc. If dissolving of plasma gas generated in the plasma reaction has increased, it is possible to increase the contaminant removal capacity. In this study, the improvement on the dissolving performance of plasma gas was evaluated by the indirect method measuring the overall oxygen transfer coefficient. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nozzle type, distance from water surface, air supply rate and liquid circulation rate. The experimental results showed that the $K_{La}$ value of the 3-prong nozzle is 2.67 times higher than the diffuser. The order of $K_{La}$ value with nozzle type ranked in the following order: 3-prong nozzle (inner diameter, less 1 mm) > circular nozzle (inner diameter, 1.5 mm) > ellipse nozzle (short diameter 1 mm, long diameter 2.5 mm) > circular nozzle (inner diameter, 3 mm). Optimal liquid circulation rate was appeared to be 1.7 L/min, the value of $K_{La}$ was 0.510 1/min. The value of $K_{La}$ with increasing air supply rate was revealed in the form of an exponential such as $K_{La}=0.3581e^{0.2919^*air\;flow\;rate}$.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2194-2199
• /
• 2007

An experimental study is performed to investigate the thermal and flow characteristics of subcooled liquid nitrogen in a natural circulation loop. Experimental apparatus is designed and constructed such that a closed loop is cooled at the top by a cryocooler and heated nearly at the bottom by cartridge heaters. Steady state is obtained by controlling the heating power to the cartridge heaters and a thin-film heater to reduce the cooling power of the cryocooler. Temperature is measured at several locations of the loop and the mass flow rate through the loop is estimated from the energy balance in terms of the measured temperatures. Experiment is repeated for various values of the vertical height between the cooling and heating parts. The results show that the heat transfer capability of the loop has a maximum at a certain value of height. The optimal height to maximize the heat transfer is in a good agreement with analytical prediction to take into account the buoyancy and viscous forces in the loop.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2012

Over the last century, drainage systems have become an integral component of agriculture. Climate observations and experiments using General circulation models suggest an intensification of the hydrologic cycle due to climate change. This study presents hydrologic simulations assessing the potential impact of climate change on subsurface drainage in Daegu, Republic of Korea. Historical and Long Ashton Research Station weather generator perturbed future climate data from 15 general circulation models for a field in Daegu were ran into a water management simulation model, DRAINMOD. The trends and variability in rainfall and Soil Excess Water ($SEW_{30}$) were assessed from 1960 to 2100. Rainfall amount and intensity were predicted to increase in the future. The predicted annual subsurface drainage flow varied from -35 to 40 % of the baseline value while the $SEW_{30}$ varied from -50 to 100%. The expected increases in subsurface drainage outflow require that more attention be given to soil and water conservation practices.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.88.5-88
• /
• 2001

We propose a neural network solver for an inverse problem. The problem is that input data with complete teaching include defects and predict the defect value. The solver is constructed of a three layer neural network whose learning method is combined from BP and reconstruction learning. The input data for the defects are unknown; therefore, the circulation of an arithmetic progression replaces them; rightly, the learning procedure is not converged for the circulation data vut for the normal data. The learning is quitted after such a learning status id kept. Then, we search a minimum of the differences between teaching data and output of the circulation. Then, we search a minimum of the ...

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1994

Circulation state and changes in quality during ripening of strawberry were investigated. Tissue damage of the fruit happened when it was harvested and selected. Strawberry has been harvested without considering of fruit temperature in the farm. It takes 25 hours from Goreung which is main production area of strawberry to retailer, and seasonal variation in the price was severe. Shelf-life of strawberry from Feb to Mar was 5-6 days, and was 24-30 hours from May to June. Desirable ripening stage was 28-30th day after blooming and 40th day and after this was over ripening stage when the degree of ripening estimated by color "a" value and color saturation. Overall eating quality and vitamin C contents and sugar content were more higher in the fruit of the desirable ripening stage than that of unripening and over ripening stage. The dark redness degree was high in the over ripening stage.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.39-60
• /
• 2006

가치사슬 분석은 기존의 정량적 산업분석과는 다르게 분석의 초점이 단순 제조에서부터 제품과 서비스를 소비자에 공급하는 활동에까지 맞추어지기 때문에, 오늘날과 같이 경제의 서비스화가 심화되고 있는 상황 하에서 제조업과 서비스업의 경계가 불분명한 문화산업을 분석하는데 매우 유용한 분석틀이다. 본 연구는 경북 문화산업의 가치사슬을 분석하여 경북 문화산업의 강점과 약점을 파악하고, 나아가 가치사슬내 활동을 통한 혁신창출메카니즘의 이해를 통해 문화산업역랑을 강화하는 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 고부가가치단계이자 상대적으로 저학력 인력을 필요로 하는 유통 배급 및 홍보 마케팅 업체의 창업 및 유치를 도모하고 전문화를 강화시킨다. 둘째, 기업간 네트워크를 강화하여 장비의 공동 구입 및 이용 지원, 인력 및 기술 정보 교류를 활성화시킨다. 셋째, 이원화된 인력 양성 시스템을 구축하고 개방된 기업문화를 육성한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.178-187
• /
• 2008

This study aims to analyze general features and forms of spatial structure of major space in museums and for the scope of this study, set up major space and the surrounding areas structured around major space and for the target of analysis, selected 10 museums of overseas examples from 19th century to 2006. And this study on focus, on the circulation structure and visual structure will be analyzed in qualitative method by focusing on the floor plan and section structures; deepening process of analysis, visual structure will turn into numerical value to analyze the spatial structure of the major space. The results of this study are as follow. First, vertical elements should be critically considered in a circulation plan for functional performance of dimensional circulation distribution in a major space. Second, a plan by location of vertical and horizontal moving elements related to a major space affects a circulation relation more than a connection type between a major space and an exhibition area. Third, it could be categorized into 4 types by considering the features of spatial structure followed by connecting relationship between areas. Fourth, comparable figures were drawn out among large space and surrounding areas but it couldn't draw out types.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.91-105
• /
• 2008

Nowadays, circulation industry is taking charge of important role in improvement of competitive power on the manufacturing industry and public welfare increase of consumer, price stabilization, employment creation and so on. A lot of research have been progressing for formation of total circulation complex, but decision making for selection of location on some facility is only calculated the optimum value when correct data values are inserted. However, a lot of decision making is accomplished in situation that have little knowledge of objective and constraints and as real world is also evaluated inclusive of analyst's subjectivity about variable, indefinite and fuzzy part, so it is decreasing a reliability on evaluation result and complicating objective evaluation on various effect and negative impact. Accordingly, from under like this situation, this study is to develop location decision model of circulation complex using fuzzy theory from the intention for the most reasonable decision making in fuzzy situation based on decision making problem on conventional location and size decision that did to be satisfactory constraints necessarily.