• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2020

The selection of anesthetic agent is important in preclinical studies, since each agent affects the systemic hemodynamics in different ways. For that reason, we hypothesized that different anesthetic agents will result in different vaginal hemodynamic response and temperature during sexual arousal, in an animal model. To validate the hypothesis, animal experiments were performed using female rats with two anesthetic agents widely used in preclinical studies: ketamine and isoflurane. Our previously developed near-infrared-spectroscopy-based probe was used to measure the changes of oxyhemoglobin (OHb), deoxyhemoglobin (RHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) concentrations along with temperature from the animal vaginal wall. As a control, saline was administered to both isoflurane- and ketamine-anesthetized animals, and did not show any significant changes in OHb, RHb, THb, or temperature. However, an administration of apomorphine (APO, 80 ㎍/kg) induced increases of OHb (63 ± 28 μM/DPF), RHb (35 ± 20 μM/DPF), and THb (98 ± 49 μM/DPF) in ketamine-anesthetized animals, while decreases of OHb (52 ± 76 μM/DPF) and THb (38 ± 30 μM/DPF) and an increase of RHb (28 ± 51 μM/DPF) were found in isoflurane-anesthetized animals. The vaginal temperature decreased from the baseline in both ketamine-(0.42℃) and isoflurane-(1.22℃)anesthetized animals. These results confirmed our hypothesis, and suggest that a preclinical study monitoring hemodynamic responses under anesthesia should employ an appropriate anesthetic agent for the study.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1985

To find out the differences in medical practice according to the environment of patient care and managerial situation of the medical care institutions, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and acute appendicitis were selected, which is suitable for comparison because of their high comparability. A total of 473 cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and 408 cases of acute appendicitis was sampled from the claims to Korea Medical Insurance Cooperations during January to June 1984. Complicated cases were excluded from population and sampling was restricted from 40 to 60 percentile for total charges by the type of medical care facility in order to rule out the influence originating from case mix. Important items representing type and quantity of medical care service were compared by type of facility. Major findings are as follows : 1. University hospital shows the highest in charges per case and decrease in order of general hospital, and clinic. 2. In case of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, average length of stay shows statistically significant difference by type of facility. 3. Charge amount for each service item affected by practice pattern shows statistically significant difference mostly by type of facility. It is suggested that medical practice pattern is different by type of facility for medical services. 4. Difference in total medical expenditure by type of facility is affected more with charges for materials, consumables and drugs than with fee for service activity. 5. In administering drugs to patients, hospital and clinic show higher injection rate than university and general hospital. 6. Clinical Laboratory tests were common in order of uninalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, urine microscopic examination in cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery; white blood cell count, urinalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urine microscopic examination, white blood cell differential count, in cases of acute appendicitis. 7. The result for Laboratory test and Radiologic study shows extreme difference by type of facility. Test rate is lowest in clinic and increase hospital, general hospital, and university hospital in order, both in type and frequency.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate of the effects of the mode of delivery on pelvic floor muscle function by examining bladder base movement and urinary incontinence. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 females who had delivered in the previous 3-8 months. There were 2 groups: 56 vaginal deliveries and 44 cesarean section deliveries. Prior to the study, a survey was conducted on the subjects' general status, delivery mode, urinary incontinence, and physical activity. The groups could not be blinded due to scar tissue from the operations. The function of the pelvic floor muscle was observed with the bladder base movement using transabdominal ultrasound during pelvic floor contraction. To objectify and measure the subjective symptoms of subjects suffering from urinary incontinence, an incontinence quality of life (I-QoL) test was administered. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS version 20.0. An independent t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of pelvic floor muscle function between the 2 groups after delivery. Results: The movement of the bladder base in the pelvic floor muscle function was decreased in the vaginal delivery group, but the difference was not significant. Urinary incontinence was significantly increased in the vaginal delivery group. Conclusion: The function of the pelvic floor muscles was better in the cesarean section group and the incidence of urinary incontinence was relatively low in this group. Therefore, vaginal delivery requires more efforts to restore the function of the pelvic floor muscles than cesarean delivery.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2001

Objectives : As participation of women in public affairs increases, they are more concerned about postpartum management. However, objectivity of its effect tends to be insufficient. This study was done to investigate the clinical applications of postpartum management in Oriental Medicine. Subjects and methods : This clinical study was done on 74 patients who were treated by postpartum management in the Oriental Medical Hospital of Woosuk University from November 1999 to August 2000. We analyzed the changes of hematology and blood chemistry. Then, we examined the differences between two groups : one group had undergone vaginal duct delivery and the other cesarean section in mode of delivery. Results : I) The ratio of vaginal duct delivery to cesarean section was 39:35. Two major age groups were 25-29 and 30-34, respectively 43% and 35%. 2) According to the hematology, hemoglobin, hematocrit, REC and platelet count significantly increased, while WBC and ESR level significantly decreased. 3) To the hematology by mode of delivery, WBC level decreased in both groups. WBC level of the vaginal duct delivery group was significantly lower than that of cesarean section. RBC level increased in both groups, the cesarean section group were statistically significant. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count increased but they were not significant in either group. 4) To the blood chemistry, Triglyceride (TG), protein, albumin and sodium levels were significantly increased but cholesterol, ALT, BUN, creatinine, potassium and chloride levels were not statistically significant. 5) According to the blood chemistry by mode of delivery, TG level of the vaginal duct delivery group was significantly reduced but the others were not significant. Conclusious : The effective results were shown that postpartum management by Oriental Medicine assisted postpartum health care as well as postpartum anemia.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 1988

본 연구는 polyacryiamide gel등을 전기영동을 응용, 보존시간에 따른 정액반, 질액반 등에서 PGM$_1$아형의 검출 및 효소활성의 안전성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1). 정액반의경우, 실온에서 보존후 7일에는 85%,14일에는 15%의 PGM$_1$아형의 판정이 가능하였고, 21일에는 전혀 판정이 불가능 하였다. (2). 질액반의 경우, 실온에서 보존 후 7일에는 675의 PGM$_1$아형의 판정이 가능하였으나, 14일에는 전혀 불가능 하였다. 한편, 질액에 정액이 혼합된 경우, 질액의 PGM$_1$아형을 판정함으로서, 정액의 PGM$_1$아형의 추정이 가능하였다. 이 결과를 통하여 실제 법생물학 분야에 활용이 가능하다고 인정하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2014

질 종양은 개 암컷생식기에서 두 번째로 많이 발생하는 종양 중 하나이며, 대부분은 평활근종으로 보고되고 있다. 질 종양의 기원은 질의 내벽 또는 외벽 유래로 구분되며, 성호르몬의 영향을 받아 성장하는 경향이 있다. 본 증례는 질 외벽 유래의 종양으로 종양은 모두 복강 내 존재했으며, 방광 및 직장, 특히 요관과 같은 주변장기와의 유착이 확인되었다. 종양은 탐색적 개복술을 통해 주변장기의 손상 없이 제거했으며 중성화 수술 또한 동시에 시행되었다. 제거된 종양은 조직학적으로 평가 한 결과 질 평활근종으로 확인되었다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2020

The present study was conducted in a goat farm for pregnancy diagnosis by using vaginal cytology and B-mode real time ultrasound using 5 MHz probe by transabdominal method. Seventeen pregnant does were used for this study. The objective of the study was to determine the earliest day of pregnancy and describe the chronological characteristics of pregnancy from day 22 to day 40 for vaginal cytology and day 25 to day 60 for ultrasonography of gestation. The differences among the average percentage of cell value in different age of pregnancy were significant (p < 0.05). The average percentage of intermediate cells (81.12%) was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher than superficial (9.41%), keratinized (7.10%) and neutrophil (2.61%) on 22-40th days of pregnancy. In case of real time B-mode ultrasonography, the gestational sac was observed only in three does out of seventeen (17.6 %) at 25-30 days whereas the placentomes and heart beat of the foetus were first detected at 31-35 days in six does (35.3%). The foetal leg buds were first visualized at 36-40 days in four does (23.5%) whereas the foetal vertebral column was first observed at 36-40 days of gestation in only three does (17.6%). In conclusion, vaginal cytology and trans-abdominal ultrasonography can be used for detection of early pregnancy in does.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2008

Leiomyomas are common in the myometrial layer of the uterus, though they are rarely found in other reproductive organs. Leiomyomas are benign, hormone-sensitive smooth muscle tumors. They develop during the reproductive years and regress after menopause. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult to make. We present a case of a 54-year-old woman with a vaginal wall tumor. The management in this case included surgical excision. Histologic examination definitively confirmed the diagnosis of a vaginal leiomyoma. We report the details of this case along with a brief review of the literature.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.150-155
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• 1993

We report a case of placental site trophoblastic tumor with cytologic features of cervico-vaginal smear. The smear revealed several loose clusters of atypicai cells in slightly hemorrhagic and inflammatory background. Tumor cells were large in size and polyhedral to round with abundant cytoplasm Nuclei revealed consider-able variation in size, shape, and degree of chromatin clumping. Cytologically, it was difficult to differentiate from squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. Curettage and hysterectomy specimen revealed typical histologic features of placental site trophoblastic tumor composed of intermediate type trophoblasts.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2001

A female mixed miniature pinscher dog, about 5 years old, 4 kg, was referred to veterinary teaching hospital of Chungnam National University with chief complaint of excessive hemorrhagic vaginal discharge for a month, partial alopecia and hyperpigmentation. There are no specific change with CBC, blood chemistry and X-ray findings but we figured out high estrogen concentration with hormone analysis and detected a majority of the superficial epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei by cytologic examination of vaginal smear preparation and multiple ovarian cysts on both ovaries by ultrasonography. Based on the clinical signs, hormone analysis, vaginal smear preparation and ultrasonography, the authors diagnosed this case as hyperestrogenism with ovarian cysts.