• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.37-40
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• 2003

The thrust vector control using a fluidic counterflow concept is achieved by applying a vacuum to a slot adjacent to a primary jet which is shrouded by a suction collar. The vacuum produces a secondary reverse flowing stream near the primary. The shear layers between the two counterflowing streams mix and entrain mass from the surrounding fluid. The presence of the collar inhibits mass entrainment and the flow m the collar accelerates causing a drop in pressure on the collar. For the vacuum asymmetrically applied to one side of the nozzle, the jet will vector toward the low-pressure region. The present study is performed to investigate the effectiveness of thrust vector control using the fluidic counterflow concept. A computational work is carried out using the two-dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes equations, with several kinds of turbulence models. The computational results are compared with the previous experimental ones. It is found that the present fluidic counterflow concept is a viable method to vector the thrust of a propulsion system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2017

In the study, the inner flow characteristics were analyzed by modifying the inner design parameter of the vane-type vacuum pump. The effect of pressure generated by the inner flow of pump on the rotor and vane was analyzed. The design parameter was analyzed using the angle variation of tilting and rotation of the vane. MRF was used for the analysis conducted using a virtual condition where the rotor and vane are rotated. The pressure gained from the load of the rotor and vane in the flow analysis is used for the structure analysis. Based on the results, the effect of variable vane design was revealed in structural strength. The effect of centrifugal and friction force generated during pump operation on structural strength was also analyzed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 2009

For a two-way drainage deposit under a surcharge load, it is possible to leave a layer adjacent to the bottom drainage boundary without prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) improvement and achieve approximately the same degree of consolidation as a fully penetrated case. This depth is designated as an optimum PVD installation depth. Further, for a two-way drainage deposit under vacuum pressure, if the PVDs are fully penetrated through the deposit, the vacuum pressure will leak through the bottom drainage boundary. In this case, the PVDs have to be partially penetrated, and there is an optimum installation depth. The equations for calculating these optimum installation depths are presented, and the usefulness of the equations is studied by using finite element analysis as well as laboratory model test results.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.524-526
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• 2007

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films consist of micro-droplets of liquid crystals dispersed in a polymer matrix. To make wide area PDLC filled devices, it is necessary to develop reliable method of vacuum injection of PDLC solution instead of the capillary injection. However, well-known 2-ethylhexylacrylate (EHA), main element of a prepolymer, exhibits the volatility problems, when the PDLC solution is placed under the low pressure. In this study, we developed the vacuum injection process to fill a wide area cell. Experimental results indicate that the $V_{90}$(turn-on voltage) of the PDLC cell made by a vacuum injection method are lower than that of the PDLC cell made by a capillary injection method.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

A large cryo-pumping system composed of 4 cryosorption pumps was designed and manufactured to satisfy the pressure requirements of the NBI test stand. The cryosorption pump consists of a thermal shield/baffle assembly and a cryopanel coated with activated carbon granules. The thermal shield is cooled by liquid nitrogen, and the cryopanel by a commercial helium refrigerator. The operation characteristics and vacuum performance of the cryosorption pump were investigated. The cooling down time of the cryopanel to 20 K was about 6 hours with a liquid nitrogen consumption rate of about 35 L/hr. The maximum pumping speed of the cryosorption pump for the hydrogen gas measured by the steady pressure method was about 90,000 L/s.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.47-50
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• 2016

Low temperature test for half-wave resonator (HWR) cryomodule is performed at the superfluid helium temperature of 2 K. The effective temperature is defined for non-uniform temperature distribution. Helium leak detection techniques are introduced for cryogenic system. Experimental set up is shown to make the low temperature test for the HWR cryomodule. The cooldown procedure of the HWR cryomodule is shown from room temperature to 2 K. The cryomodules is precooled with liquid nitrogen and then liquid helium is supplied to the helium reservoirs and cavities. The pressure of cavity and chamber are monitored as a function of time. The vacuum pressure of the cryomodule is not increased at 2 K, which shows leak-tight in the superfluid helium environment. Static heat load is also measured for the cryomodule at 2.5 K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.442-447
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• 2008

A numerical analysis has been conducted to investigate and characterize the unsteadiness of flow structure and oscillatory vacuum pressure inside of a supersonic diffuser equipped to simulate the high-altitude rocket test on the ground. A physical model of concern includes a rocket motor, a vacuum chamber, and a diffuser, which have axisymmetric configurations, using nitrogen gas as a driving fluid. Emphasis is placed on investigating physical phenomena of very complex and oscillatory flow evolutions in the diffuser operating at very close to the starting condition, i.e. minimum starting condition, which is one of major important parameters in diffuser design points of view.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.274-280
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• 2024

With the recent emergence of collaborative robots, demand for grippers to be used in service sites is increasing. Soft grippers have advantages in terms of compliance, cost, weight, and stability, but it is difficult to handle objects of various shapes, sizes, and weights with a single gripper. In this study, based on a fluidic elastomer actuator (FEA), we propose a pneumatic soft gripper that can grip a variety of objects, consisting of fingers capable of both grasping and vacuum suction and a base with variable stroke between the fingers using a pneumatic cylinder. A check valve is installed inside the finger, so that when positive pressure is supplied, the finger expands to perform adaptive grasping, and when negative pressure is supplied, vacuum suction can be performed. Grasping experiments were conducted on various objects to evaluate the performance of the proposed gripper, and 94% of 54 gripping objects were successfully grasped.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.229.1-229.1
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• 2014

Tactile sensors have widely been researched in the areas of electronics, robotic system and medical tools for extending to the form of bio inspired devices that generate feeling of touch mimicking those of humans. Recent efforts in adapting the tactile sensor have included the use of novel materials with both scalability and high sensitivity [1]. Graphene, a 2-D allotrope of carbon, is a prospective candidate for sensor technology, having strong mechanical properties [2] and flexibility, including recovery from mechanical stress. In addition, its truly 2-D nature allows the formation of continuous films that are intrinsically useful for realizing sensing functions. However, very few investigations have been carrier out to investigate sensing characteristics as a device form with the graphene subjected to strain/stress and pressure effects. In this study, we present a sensor of vertical forces based on single-layer graphene, with a working range that corresponds to the pressure of a gentle touch that can be perceived by humans. In spite of the low gauge factor that arises from the intrinsic electromechanical character of single-layer graphene, we achieve a resistance variation of about 30% in response to an applied vertical pressure of 5 kPa by introducing a pressure-amplifying structure in the sensor. In addition, we demonstrate a method to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor by applying resistive single-layer graphene.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2000

The effects of $NH_3$ flow rate and reactor pressure on Al composition and the interface of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure were studied. Equilibrium partial pressure of Ga and Al over AiGaN alloy was calculated as a function of growth pressure, $NH_3$flow rate and temperature. It was found equilbrium vapor pressure of Al is significantly lower than that of Ga, thus, the alloy composition mainly controlled by Ga partial pressure. We believe that more decomposition of Ga occur at lower $NH_3$ flow rate and higher growth pressure leads to preferred Al incorporation into AlGaN. The alloy composition gradient became larger at AlGaN/GaN heterointerface at higher reactor pressures, higher Al composition and low $NH_3$ flow rate. This composition gradient lowered sheet carrier concentration and electron mobility as well. We obtained an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure with sheet carrier density of ${\sim}2{\times}10^{13}cm^{-2}$ and mobility of 1250 and 5000 $cm^2$/Vs at 300 K and 100 K, respectively.