• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 1996

Water storage cells (WSCs) in the leaf succulent Orostachys malacophyllus have been studied to understand their adaptive nature to its coastal habitat employing the electron microscopy. Attention has been paid to the features of vacuoles and plasmodesmata in this study, since leaf tissues in O. malacaphyllus are under continous physiological drought due to its occurrence in the shore-line environment. The WSCs occupied almost all of the leaf volume and appeared empty at low magnifications. Among the WSCs, small rudimentary vascular bundles were scattered throughout the internal volume. However, in high magnification the WSCs were vacuolate in most cases and vacuolization into a well-developed huge central vacuole was very common phenomenon. Such vacuolization has been detected within the vacuoles as well as within the cytoplasms. Well-developed plasmodesmata were often found in cells appeared to be mucilagenous. Moreover, plasmodesmata being involved in the secretion of materials or structures were even encountered. Thus, vacuolization from various sizes of vacuoles in the WSCs to have a huge central vacuole seems playing an important role in adapting the plant itself to its coastal habitat.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.413-420
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• 2002

Mercury is one of the most frequently used heavy metal in dental clinic. Mercury poisoning rises up when someone is exposed to mercury chronically. In 1818, Amalgam was used for dental restorative procedure, and after then study about mercury toxicity has begun. Clinical signs of mercury toxicity in oral & maxillofacial area were increases of salivation, metallic taste, swelling and pain of tongue, redness and ulceration of oral mucosa, and increased mobility and loss of teeth. After we injected mercury($HgCl_{2}$) into intraperitoneum of rat, studied about histopathological changes of submandibular gland cell. Experimental group was divided into two groups by amount of mercury. (Group 1 was 0.5mg/Kg of mercury injection, group 2 was 1.0mg/Kg of mercury injection.) 1. After 3days of intraperitoneal injection, black granules were observed at macrophage cell in both group. In group 2, author found hyperchromatism of nucleus, and vacuolization of cellular matrix and nucleus of acinar cell. 2. After 1week of intraperitoneal injection, author found severe vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix, and irregular granules around nuclear membrane at mucous cell and serous cell in both group. Vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix was seen at duct cell in group 2. 3. After 2weeks of intraperitoneal injection, author could found severe vacuolization of cellular matrix, and sometimes nucleus was positioned in central area of cellular matrix at mucous and serous cell in both group. Vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix was found at vascular endothelial cell in group 2. 4. After 4weeks of intraperitoneal injection, destruction and distortion of gland cells were distinct. Vacuolization and destruction of nucleus and cellular matrix was found at duct cell in group 2. After intraperitoneal injection of mercury, we found equanimity of mercury and destruction of cellular matrix at serous cell, mucous cell, and duct cell of submandibular gland. So, we thought that metallic taste of mercury poisoning patient would be due to excretion of saliva containing mercury.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.277-281
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• 1995

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of calcium ion on the mesophyll protoplast culture of Arabidopsis thaliana. The mesophyll protoplase were isolated and cultured on an IMH medium supplemented with CaCl$_2$of various concentrations. When the protoplasts were cultured on the medium containing 0 to 12.5 mM CaCl$_2$, extreme vacuolization occurred without cell division. When the protoplasts were cultured with higher levels of CaCl$_2$ up to 50 mM, vacuolization decreased dose-dependent): and the number of plasma-rich cells increased. Cell division was induced when the protoplast were cultured on the medium with CaCl$_2$ higher than 25 mM. The highest plating efficiency (5-6%) was obtained with 50 mM CaCl$_2$. However the plating efficiency was markedly inhibited by 100mM CaCl$_2$ or above. These resole suggest that the relatively high concentration (50 mM) of calcium ion may be required for the culture of protoplasts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2009

This research aimed to investigate the time-course effect of epichlorohydrin (ECH) on epididymal histopathology in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned to four groups with 6 rats in each group and were administered a single oral dose of ECH (70 mg/kg) or its vehicle. Six animals each were sacrificed on days 0 (control), 1, 2, and 7 after treatment. During the study period, clinical signs, body weights, reproductive organ weights, testicular spermatid count, epididymal sperm count, motility and morphology, and histopathology were examined. No treatmentrelated effects on body weights and reproductive organ weights were noted at any time point. On the contrary, sperm motility decreased slightly on days 1 and 2 after treatment and then decreased significantly on day 7 after treatment. The first signs of histological changes were the appearance of cell debris in the ducts and vacuolization of the epithelial cells observed in the proximal caput epididymis on day 1 after treatment. The incidences and grades of the histological changes including cell debris in the ducts, epithelial vacuolization, oligospermia, and epithelial disruption increased on day 2 and then decreased slightly on day 7 after treatment. These results show that a single oral dose of 70 mg/kg ECH to male rats results in cell debris in the ducts and vacuolization of the epithelial cells in the proximal caput epididymis, followed by reversible oligospermia, epithelial disruption, and decreased sperm motility.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 1993

The effect of Roentgen rays on carcinoma of the cervix has long been of great interest to both radiologists and gynecologists. Since most cervical carcinomas are treated by irradiation, any additional knowledge either concerning the radiosensitivity of cervical tumors or their ultimate prognosis would be of value. The vaginal smear is considered to be one of convenient and rapid methods to study the effects of radiation on cervical malignancy. We observed morphologic changes in 297 cytologic preparations obtained from 60 patients who had underwent irradiation for cancer of the cervix. With the morphologic parameters such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic basophilia, multinucleated giant cell formation, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) sticking and postradiation dysplasia, we analyzed the findings in relation to the follow up time interval. The most common effect was the cytoplasmic vacuolization with basophilia of basaloid cells, which were noted in more than 90% of followed patients. The multinucleated giant ceil formation and PMNL stickering were noted in 38 cases(63%) and 48 cases(80% ) respectively. The differential diagnosis of postradiation dysplasia from recurrent or persistent carcinoma, reparative atypical cells, and regressing tumor cells was difficult and further study seems to be needed to clarify the more accurate morphologic features and biologic behavior.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.387-396
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• 2005

The aims of the study were to establish a short-term screening test for detecting testicular toxicity of chemicals in rats and to determine whether a 2-week administration period is sufficient to detect testicular toxicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) as an example. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously administered with 1000 mg/kg/day of 2-BP or its vehicle for 2 weeks. Ten male rats each were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14 after the initiation of treatment. Parameters of testicular toxicity included genital organ weights, testicular sperm head counts, epididymal sperm counts, motility and morphology, and qualitative and quantitative histopathologic examinations. The early histopathological changes observed on day 3 of treatment included degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V. On day 7 of treatment, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, multinuclear giant cells, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in stages VII and XII. On day 14 after treatment, a significant decrease in the weights of testes and seminal vesicles was found. Atrophy of seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, mature spermatid retention, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, decreased number of spermatogonia in stages II and V, and decreased number of spermatocytes in all spermatogenic stages were also observed. In addition, a slight non-significant decrease in testicular sperm head counts, daily sperm production rate and epididymal sperm counts was found. The results showed that 2 weeks of treatment is sufficient to detect the adverse effects of 2-BP on male reproductive organs. It is considered that the short-term testicular toxicity study established in this study can be a useful tool for screening the testicular toxic potential of new drug candidates in rats.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 1985

An experimental study was performed to observe the in vivo effects of praziquantel on the light and scanning electron microscopic morphology of Fibricola seoulensis. The metacercariae were obtained from the snakes and 1, 000 in each number was orally given to total 15 albino rats; 5 controls and 10 treatment group. Seven days later the 10 rats were treated with 10 mg/kg praziquantcl and sacrificed 1~24 hours later to search for the worms from their small intestines. The major light microscopic changes in the drug-exposed worms were early contraction followed by relaxation of especially their forebody, vacuolization of the tegument and subtegumental parenchymal layers, and narrowing of the intestinal lumens. The scanning electron microscopic findings were characterized by formation of numerous blebs followed by rupture and subsequent destruction of their whole teguments. These results show that the change in worm body is not confined to the tegument but extends to deeper parenchymal portions and also occurs in their intestines. It is suggested that the drug uptake by the worms should be either through their tegument or through the digestive tract.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1983

The present study was carried out to observe the histopathological changes in the mammary gland of lactating rats and rabbits injected with dexamethasone. White rats were intramuscularly injected with 0.25mg, 0.5mg or 1.0mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (containing $9{\alpha}$-fluoro-$16{\alpha}$-methylprednisolone, 5.0mg/ml) daily for 3 to 10 days on the 3rd day after parturition and white rabbits were intramammary infused with 4mg or 20mg of dexamethasone daily for 4 days on 7th day after parturition. The histopathological changes of the mammary glands, ovaries and adrenal glands of rats and rabbits were observed with light microscope. In the mammary glands of rats, the microscopic findings encountered were decrease of the milk in the alveolar lumina, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells, atrophy of alveoli, proliferation of fibroblasts and thickness of alveolar walls, destruction of alveoli, presence of fat droplets within the glandular epithelial cells, infiltration of mononuclear cells and proliferation of adipose tissue, which were relative to the dose and duration of injection. Especially, in the cases of the administration of large doses or long duration, there were severe fibrosis and focal necrosis of glandular tissue. In the mammary glands of rabbits, the morphological changes were similar to those findings in the rats. The milk in the alveolar lumina was decreased gradually according to the dose and duration of injection, while milk fat concentration regarded to increase. In the histological findings of ovaries, necrosis of granulosa cellos, vacuolization and necrosis of luteal cells, atrophy and necrotic foci in the corpora lutes were observed. In the adrenal glands, hyperemia, hemorrhage, vacuolization of adrenal cortical cells, necrotic foci and atrophy of adrenal cortex were observed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differentiation and degeneration of neurons in developing chick embryo. The activity of acid phosphatase(ACP) was measured and cytochemical study of ACP and ultrastructural changes were observed in prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon from day 4 to day 19 of incubation. As a result, the activity of ACP of all brain region was tend to increase from day 4 to day 19. On day 13, activities of ACP of mesencephalon and rhombencephalon were increased greatly and activity of ACP was decreased each region on day 17. On electron microscopic examination, the reaction product of ACP were localized at GERL complex, lysosome, Golgi body and vacuoles of neurons. Morphologically, disrupted nuclear envelope, mitochondrial destruction, vacuolization and ribosomal crystalization were observed.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1992

Secretory carcinoma is a very rare tumor of the breast, having characteristic histologic findings. A cytologic study of a secretory carcinoma is presented. The smears were abundant in tumor cells which were arranged in loosely adherent or large tight clusters in clear background. The individual cells were round or oval, monomorphic, and had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cytoplasm showed distinct borders and single or fine vacuolization. The nuclei were peripherally located, oval, and vesicular with small prominent nucleoli. As in histology, the cytologic features were so characteristic that a diagnosis of secretory carcinoma could be made by ctyologic study only.