• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2009

In this study, we evaluated the stability and potency of live attenuated rinderpest vaccines of lapinized-avianized tissue culture strain origin, which had been produced annually from 2005 to 2008. When immune responses to the vaccines were evaluated using two Holstein calves weighing 100~150 kg, neutralizing antibody titer of 1 : 16 was induced at 21 days post vaccination. When calves were also inoculated with vaccines lots that had been stored for 39 months at ${4^{\circ}C}$, same level of antibody titer was observed. Using the virus titer test, we found that all batches of the vaccine that had been kept for 3, 10, 15, 22, 27, 34, 39, and 45 months showed no significant loss of titers, and fulfilled the requirement necessary ($\geq$ 3 $logTCID_50$) to be used as the national rinderpest vaccine reserve in Korea. In this study, we demonstrated that stability and potency of the rinderpest vaccines were maintained over three years when kept at ${4^{\circ}C}$ storage. This indicates that it maybe feasible to extend the expiration period of this vaccine from one year to three years.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2000

Purpose : Although there are a lot of the reports about the persistence of anti HBs titer of plasma derives HBV vaccine, it is difficult to find the follow up studies of the recombinant HBV vaccine. We performed this study to compare the persistence of anti HBs titer by vaccination schedule and the seronegative rate of 5 years later according to Anti HBs titer after basic immunization in neonatal period by recombinant HBV vaccination. Methods : This study was performed on 420 neonates at Pusan Moon Hwa Hospital from April to December 1993, followed up for 5 years after basic immunization by recombinant HBV vaccine. The anti HBs titer test was done by radioimmunoassay(RIAAUSAB, Abbott laboratories). The positive anti HBs level that would protect against HBV infection was defined as a level equal to or greater than 10mIU/mL. Results : In this study the seronegative rate after 5 years was 5% in 2 month schedule group, 25.5% in 6 month schedule group(P>0.05). In 2 month schedule group the seronegative rate was 20% when anti HBs titer is lower than 200mIU/mL, 0% when more than 200mIU/mL(P>0.05). In 6 month schedule group the seronegative rate was 66.7% when anti HBs titer was lower than 200mIU/mL, 40% when 200~499.9mIU/mL, 23.9% when 500~999.9mIU/mL, 22.5% when more than 1000mIU/mL. Conclusion : In this study the seronegative rate after 5 years of recombinant HBV vaccination was 5~25.5%. The persistence of anti HBs titer was statistically irrelevant to schedule. The seronegative rate after 5 years was statistically irrelevant to anti HBs titer after basic immunization.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 1990

The immune responses of commercial layer chickens against Newcastle disease(ND) were compared among different administration methods and times of vaccination during 4 weeks of age. A total of 372 day-old chickens were divided into 4 groups of 93 birds each. Each of 3 groups was received a commercially available B$_1$live vaccine via drinking water, eye instillation or spray method at one, 14 and 28 days of age. One group was used as an unvaccinated control. At two and 4 weeks after each time of vaccination, 15 birds from each group were collected randomly out and challenged with virulent ND virus at the dose of $10^5E1D_{50}$ per bird. Ten to 15 birds from each group were bled at two weeks intervals from day old to 8 weeks of age for hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer, The protection rate was generally low regardless of the times of vaccination although two or more times vaccination gave higher protection than once vaccination. The low protection was considered due to low titer of the vaccine used since the vaccine titer was less than $10^{3.5}EID_{50}$ per bird. Spray method gave better protection compared to eye instillation or drinking water method which resulted in lowest response. Majority of birds showed clinical signs of ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression(94%), anorexia(84%), diarrhoea(29%), difficult breath(15%) and torticollis(10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum(51%), trachea(35%), illeum(13%), ceacal tonsil(11%), proventriculus(10%) and some other odrgans.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.304-310
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• 2024

Ricin is a highly toxic protein which is produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant. Ricin toxin A chain has ribosomal RNA N-glycosylase activity that irreversibly hydrolyses the N-glycosidic bond of the adenine residue at position 4324 within the 28S rRNA. In this study, we developed non-toxic recombinant ricin vaccine(R51) in E. coli expression system, and evaluated efficacy of the R51 according to adjuvants. When the R51 was administered using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, the vaccine efficacy was higher than that of TLR agonists or aluminum phosphate. Because it is time-consuming to administer the vaccine three times at three-week intervals, we investigated the survival rate and antibody titer of mice according to the change of time interval of vaccination. Interestingly, there was no difference in survival rate and antibody titer when R51 was administered at 0, 1, and 3 weeks or 0, 2, and 4 weeks compared to when administered at 0, 3, and 6 weeks. Therefore, the developed R51 vaccine is promising to protect soldiers from Ricin attack.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the immune response of layers fed diets supplemented with excess micronutrients, i.e., vitamin A, methionine, Zn, Cu, and Fe to the inoculation of Newcastle disease vaccine(NDV) or infectious bronchitis vaccine(IBV). The antibody titer against the NDV increased immediately after the inoculation and stayed high during the next 6 wk. On the other hand, The antibody titer against the IBV increased after 4 wk of inoculation The IgM level increased rapidly after 1 wk of NDV inoculation, however, it decreased after 5 wk of inoculation. The IgA displayed similar pattern to that of IgM in response to NDV inoculation. The pattern of IgM change after IBV inoculation was similar to that when layers were treated with NDV. However, IgA level changed earlier than did IgM. The IgG response to the NDV and IBV was very weak compared to the other immune responses. The excess supplementation of micronutrients to the diets of layers inoculated with NDV elicited favorable antibody titer and immune response compared to the layers fed the control diet. The excess Zn, however, allowed the layers to have higher antibody titer for the 4-wk period after NDV injection: after that they showed no effect of extra-Zn. The immune responses of layers fed excess vitamin A, Cu, methionine, and Fe were markedly higher in IgA and IgG than the control layers. The excess Zn, however, did not bring about any favorable result. No difference was detected in IgG level between control and micronutrients-treated groups.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 1997

Diphtheria was the world-spread, respiratory infectious disease in the past. But after developing the diphtheria toxoid, diphtheria vaccine, composed of diphtheria toxoid, is generalized, so prevalence of diphtheria is sharply dropped. But diphtheria is come back in NIS(New Independent States) in 1990s. It is believed that recurrence of diphtheria is mainly due to shortage of protective diphtheria antibody titer in adults. And it is related to 70% prevalence in adults, not in children. Considering this changing environment, this study was designed to research the diphtheria antibody titer of whole population and existence of titer difference by sex. Also it was studied whether ELISA has fitness as determination method of diphtheria antibody titer compared with neutralization method on microcell culture. This study was done to 277 samples of three hospitals in Seoul area, and sera was tested by neutralization method on microcell culture and ELISA method. The results of this study were as follows 1) Of this studied population, 31.05% had an antibody titer below the protective level (<0.01 IU/ml), 40.79% had a titer of a relative degree of protection (0.01-0.09 IU/ml) and 28.16% had a reliable degree of protection ($\geq$0.1 IU/ml). Therefore, 68.95% had a basic protective antibody titer level. 2) 20-40 age group showed the lowest diphtheria antibody titer among the studied population. 3) GMT of diphtheria antibody titer was the highest in the children. But, after child period, GMT was fallen. Standard deviation value was the lowest in older group. 4) Protective level of diphtheria antibody titer of male was slightly higher than female (70.94% vs 66.66%). But this difference was not statistically significant. 5) Diphtheria antibody titer by ELISA method was wholly higher than by neutralization method on microcell culture. Compared the two results by ELISA and neutralization, the regression coefficient was 0.38. And in titer, which was obtained by ELISA method, false-positive results was abundant.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 2001

This Study was conducted to determine vaccination programs for the control of Newcastle Disease(ND) in chickens and investigate protective effect against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) after live ND vaccination. Maternal HI antibody titer level of chickens according to day(age) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 were decreased gradually as 7.10$\pm$0.74, 6.57$\pm$0.74, 3.71$\pm$1.25, 2.20$\pm$1.03, 1.20$\pm$1.23 and 0.50$\pm$0.71. As a result of HI test and ELISA, both chickens vaccinated with VG/GA strain live vaccine at 1-day-old and chickens not vaccinated do not have antibody titer for protection against NDV at 14-day-old. Except for LaSota strain vaccine, in case of vaccination with VG/GA spray and VG/GA, B1 and LaSota strain drinking water at 14-day-old, the protective effect was 100% in chickens inoculated NDV($10^{7.2}$ $EID_{50}$/50${\mu}\ell$, eye drop) at 21-day-old, but not 10～50% at 28-day-old. These data suggest that live NDV vaccination should be given at 10-day-old 20-25day-old for protect against NDV at periodic outbreaks of ND caused by velogenic viscerotropic NDV in the environment of a farm.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.326-330
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• 1994

The treatment of pseudomonal infection is a perplexed problem because of its modest susceptibility to most of the major antibiotics. A novel Pseudomonas vaccine(CFC-101) was prepared from the outer membrane protein fractions of several Pseudomonas strains. In this study, we examined CFC-101's effectiveness in both active and passive immunization models. CFC-101 in mice at 0.2 mg/kg, i.p., given three times at two-day intervals, completely prevented the death caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibody titer, in accordance with the protective effect in this active immunization, was elevated to its peak level following three consecutive administrations of CFC-101. Thereafter, antibody titer stayed at a constantly high level. Each outer membrane protein fraction from the four CFC-101 producers, exhibited good cross-protective effects in mouse infection models against different Fisher types of P. aeruginosa. In the passive immunization model, 21~336 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of anti-rabbit IgG to CFC-101, when mice being infected with a challenge strain, prevented the Pseudomonhas-induced death up to 60%. Therefore, the preventive effect of CFC-101 was verified in both the active and passive immunization models.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine antibody titers to structural protein (SP) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus after vaccination in animals of the Seoul zoo. After the initial inoculation of FMD vaccine to the susceptible animals of the zoo, a total of 235 blood samples were collected from 42 species of zoo animals during treatment or necropsy. All samples were tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall positive rate of SP antibodies against FMD virus was 94.0% (221/235). However, the positive rates varied according to animal species. The results of positive rates in 30 species were 100% but in 12 species were 50-94.7%. We showed that most animals that have received FMD vaccine in Seoul zoo have been reached to the level of herd immunity against FMD virus after the vaccination. To the best of our knowledge, this study would be the first report for monitoring the vaccine-induced SP antibody titers against FMD virus after vaccination in various zoo animal species in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Three serotypes (O+A+Asia1 type) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were injected into cloven-hoofed animals in Korea after the nationwide spread of FMD at the end of 2010. This study was conducted to investigate FMD antibody development after FMD vaccination, and to determine whether there was a significant correlation between the antibody titer of the sow and the antibody titer of the growing pigs. The antibody titer (percentage inhibition [PI] titer) of the sow (gilt) after FMD vaccination was maintained at a level higher than 50 (P<0.05) for 5 months. A higher PI titer for the 1-month-old growing pigs corresponded with greater inhibition of the PI titer of the vaccinated growing pigs (P<0.05). A negative correlation (P<0.05) between the PI titer of the 1-month-old growing pigs and the PI titer of 3-month-old growing pigs, 4-month-old growing pigs after FMD vaccination at 2 months, 3months was identified, with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.274. Thus the PI titer of the growing pigs was inhibited to a greater degree when vaccination was performed at 2 months of age than at 3 months. However, many other factors likely influence growing pigs' PI titer in addition to the PI titer of the sow and age at vaccination, given that the coefficient of determination was somewhat lower.