• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2012

Recently it has been reported that immunization with heat-killed tumor cells (HK vaccine) induces anti-tumor immune responses in mice. To investigate how HKvaccine elicits anti-tumor specific adaptive immunity, we examined the effect of HK vaccination on innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), which are essential for the generation of adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation with HK vaccine, DCs matured to promote not only the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules but also secretion of cytokine IL12. Furthermore, HK vaccine-treated DCs migrated more efficiently to draining lymph nodes compared with untreated ones. Taken together, HK vaccine can be useful as an adjuvant to activate DCs for anti-tumor immune responses.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 2004

We investigated the induction of resistance to Haemaphysalis longicornis infestation in rabbits that had been immunized with recombinant H. longicornis P27/30 protein. The success of immunological control methods is dependent upon the use of potential key antigens as tick vaccine candidates. Previously, we cloned a gene encoding 27 kDa and 30 kDa proteins (P27/30) of H. longicornis, and identified P27/30 as a troponin I-like protein. In this study, rabbits that were immunized with recombinant P27/30 expressed in Escherichia coli showed the statistically significant longer feeding duration for larval and adult ticks (P<0.05), low engorgement rates in larval ticks (64.4%), and an apparent reduction in egg weights, which suggest that H. longicornis P27/30 protein is a potential candidate antigen for a tick vaccine. These results demonstrated that the recombinant P27/30 protein might be a useful vaccine candidate antigen for biological control of H. longicornis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2004

The CMV promoter driven lacZ reporter gene (pcDNA-lacZ) was constructed and used for DNA immunization study. The expression of the lacZ gene was confirmed in vitro using RTG-2 cell line before using for in vivo study in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In the dose response study, the maximum expression of the lacZ gene was found in the group injected with 5 ${\mu} g$ of the plasmid DNA. Kinetic study showed a significantly increased expression of $\beta-galactosidase$ gene at 7 days after injection. Effects of DNA vaccine on specific and nonspecific immune responses such as antibody and NO production were studied and the significant effect was found in olive flounder injected with 10 and 15 ${\mu} g$ DNA (sub optimal dose for lacZ gene expression). Two pro inflammatory cytokine genes, $IL-l\beta$ and $TNF-\alpha$, were also found to be up regulated in the muscle injected with the plasmid, suggesting an induction of local inflammatory response.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 2001

This Study was conducted to determine vaccination programs for the control of Newcastle Disease(ND) in chickens and investigate protective effect against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) after live ND vaccination. Maternal HI antibody titer level of chickens according to day(age) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 were decreased gradually as 7.10$\pm$0.74, 6.57$\pm$0.74, 3.71$\pm$1.25, 2.20$\pm$1.03, 1.20$\pm$1.23 and 0.50$\pm$0.71. As a result of HI test and ELISA, both chickens vaccinated with VG/GA strain live vaccine at 1-day-old and chickens not vaccinated do not have antibody titer for protection against NDV at 14-day-old. Except for LaSota strain vaccine, in case of vaccination with VG/GA spray and VG/GA, B1 and LaSota strain drinking water at 14-day-old, the protective effect was 100% in chickens inoculated NDV($10^{7.2}$ $EID_{50}$/50${\mu}\ell$, eye drop) at 21-day-old, but not 10～50% at 28-day-old. These data suggest that live NDV vaccination should be given at 10-day-old 20-25day-old for protect against NDV at periodic outbreaks of ND caused by velogenic viscerotropic NDV in the environment of a farm.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 1974

Oxygen consumption rate has been determined to study the effect of 'Gal Geun Tang' upon stress resistance of rats. The oxygen consumption rate of liver tissue increased slightly when normal rats were given the Gal Geun Tang infusion only. When rats were given the infusion after an injection of typhoid vaccine, the elevated boby temperature and oxygen consumption rate due to typhoid vaccine fell to normal level. From this result, it is concluded that 'Gal Geun Tang' has a function that may normalize abnormally strained liver metabolism. Oxygen consumption rate of the rats significantly increased when rats were exposed to cold condition. However, under the same condition it rather maintained the normal consumption rate when the rats were given previously "Gal Geun Tang". It is suggested that 'Gal Geun Tang' has an effects that impairs the immune response from cold stress. The rats that were given Cinnamomi Ramulus('Ge Ji Tang') showed less effect than the group of 'Gal Geun Tang'.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2015

In this study we investigated the effect of vaccine efficacy and immune activities by feeding additives several natural herbal remedies extracts of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia annua), Galla Rhois, Oriental raisin tree (Havenia Dulicis) and 6-mixed herb to Oilve flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Each group of fish fed with the herbal remedies added feed and basic formula during the seven weeks and vaccinated with Edwardsiella tarda Formalin killed vaccine after 4 weeks feeding. Relative Percentage Survival values (RPS) in the group was assessed by the challenge with E.tarda. All groups with the herbal remedies added feed enhanced growth rate, but there were not significantly different in lysozyme activity and agglutination titer. In a challenge experiment with E.tarda, RPS in the all groups feeding additives natural herbal remedies was higher than that of the control group. These results suggest that the natural herbal remedies extracts of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia annua), Galla Rhois, Oriental raisin tree (Havenia Dulicis) and 6-mixed herb would be effective to enhance efficacy of vaccination to Olive flounder.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2005

A DNA vaccine methodology using eukaryote expression vectors to produce immunizing proteins in the vaccinated hosts is a novel approach to the development of vaccine and immuno-therapeutics, and it has achieved considerable success over several infectious diseases and various cancers. To further enhance its efficiency, attempts were made to develop novel plasmid vectors containing multiple immunostimulatory CpG motifs, for rapid and strong immune response. First, a 2.9 kb compact plasmid vector (pVAC), containing CMV promoter, polycloning site, BGH poly(A) terminator, ampicillin resistance gene and pBR322 origin was constructed. A pVAC-hEPO was also constructed, which contained a human erythropoietin gene, for evaluating the transfection efficiency of naked plasmid DNA both in vitro and in vivo. To examine the adjuvant effect of multi-CpG motifs on naked plasmid DNA, 22 and 44 enriched and unmethylated CpG motifs were introduced into pVAC to generate pVAC-ISS1 and pVAC-ISS2, respectively. $100{\mu}g$ of pSecTagB, pVAC, pVAC-ISS1 or pVAC-ISS2 were each injected intramuscularly into the tibilias anterior muscle of Balb/c mice. The level of interleukin-6 induced in the mice injected with pVAC-ISS1 and pVAC-ISS2 were significantly elevated after 12 hours, which were almost 2 and 2.5 times higher than that in the mice injected with pSecTagB, respectively. These results suggest that DNA vaccine plasmids with enriched CpG motifs can induce rapid secretion of interleukin-6 by lymphocytes. In conclusion, these vectors can contribute to the development of adjuvant-free DNA vaccinations against infectious diseases and various cancers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

The study evaluated whether a transgenic carrot vaccine could induce a K88-specific immune response in sows and whether the resultant maternal antibody could protect piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88ac infection. Sows (n = 15) selected randomly from a farm in Korea were assigned to three groups (n = 5 per group: control [untreated]), group A (orally inoculated with a nontransgenic and transgenic carrot vaccines at 2 and 4 weeks ante partum, respectively), and group B (conventionally vaccinated according to the manufacturer's instructions). After 7 days of lactation, 5 piglets selected randomly from each group were challenged with $1{\times}10^{10}$ colony forming units/mL ETEC K88ac. Group C had the lowest mean fecal consistency score on post-challenge days 1 and 7. Histiologically, On post-challenge day 7, group C showed an increased duodenum and ileum villus:crypt ratio, compared to group A in the duodenum, with group B displaying the highest ratio. Groups B and C had more increased villus width than group A in the jejunum. Group C displayed the greatest increase in villus width in the ileum. The colostrums and serum from groups B and C displayed higher concentrations of IgA and IgG against ETEC K88, compared to group A. Based on the results, it was concluded that the transgenic carrot vaccine in sow per oral may have an effect on preventing piglet diarrhea as good as commercial recombinant vaccine.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.32.1-32.15
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• 2022

Malaria is a life-threatening disease, and Africa is still one of the most affected endemic regions despite years of policy to limit infection and transmission rates. Further, studies into the variable efficacy of the vaccine are needed to provide a better understanding of protective immunity. Thus, the current study is designed to delineate the effect of each dose of vaccine on the transcriptional profiles of subjects to determine its efficacy and understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the protection this vaccine provides. Here, we used gene expression profiles of pre and post-vaccination patients after various doses of RTS,S based on samples collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Subsequently, differential gene expression analysis using edgeR revealed the significantly (false discovery rate < 0.005) 158 downregulated and 61 upregulated genes between control vs. controlled human malaria infection samples. Further, enrichment analysis of significant genes delineated the involvement of CCL8, CXCL10, CXCL11, XCR1, CSF3, IFNB1, IFNE, IL12B, IL22, IL6, IL27, etc., genes which found to be upregulated after earlier doses but downregulated after the 3rd dose in cytokine-chemokine pathways. Notably, we identified 13 cytokine genes whose expression significantly varied during three doses. Eventually, these findings give insight into the dual role of cytokine responses in malaria pathogenesis. The variations in their expression patterns after various doses of vaccination are linked to the protection as it decreases the severe inflammatory effects in malaria patients. This study will be helpful in designing a better vaccine against malaria and understanding the functions of cytokine response as well.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2023

The fast development of vaccines against the novel coronavirus disease is among the most critical steps taken to control this potentially fatal viral disease. Like other vaccines, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can also cause unwanted reactions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is among the oral mucocutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to comprehensively review the reported cases of EM since the global onset of COVID-19 vaccination. Data from 31 relevant studies regarding the type and dose of COVID-19 vaccines administered, time of initiation of symptoms, age, and gender of patients, site of involvement, patients' medical history, and treatment options were extracted. In total, 90 patients were identified with EM as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccination across studies. EM had the highest frequency after receiving the first dose of mRNA vaccines in older individuals. The first symptoms of EM appeared in less than 3 days in 45% and after 3 days in 55% of patients. EM is not a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, and fear of its occurrence should not impede vaccination.