• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to examine health status, reproductive health problems and the degree of prenatal management in working women. Method: The subjects were 902 married working women among 2,000 women selected by cluster sampling. The work area was classified to product factory, school, office, etc. After an Informed consent was obtained, participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The instruments included a questionnaire, parity check list, menstrual problems and gynecologic problem check list. Result: Many women have experienced menstrual cycle change during the past year. There was a significant difference in general health, menstrual regularity, reproductive health and prenatal management by occupation type. 40.6 percent of the subjects have gynecological problems such as menstrual cycle change, perineal inflammation, irregular vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, ovarian/uterine disease, infertility, or abortion. Prenatal care was received in only 28.5% of the total subjects. In addition, 16.3% answered they had experienced low birth weight babies. Conclusion: We can conclude that working woman have changes in menstruation cycle and in reproductive health status. Therefore, we suggest that some occupational characteristics may affect subject's reproductive health, these should be clear and avoided as much as possible.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the experience of patients with uterine benign neoplasms in response to high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment. The study participants were patients who received high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment after diagnosis of benign uterine neoplasms and were contacted through purposive techniques. Five patients agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected from February, 2018 to May, 2018 at Women's hospital in D city. The interview data were analyzed by the phenomenological analysis method developed by Colaizzi using open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Three categories emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method: 1) Discomfort. 2) Ambivalence. 3) Will and need. These study results contribute to a deeper understanding of the experience of patients with uterine benign neoplasms in response to high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment. Therefore, it should be developed as part of an effective nursing education program to provide evidence-based guidelines and nursing interventions that alleviate health problems in patients receiving high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment and proper nursing understanding of the development of new treatment methods for woman's health.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.812-818
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• 2020

Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer in the world. In Korea, cervical cancer accounts for 13 percent of female cancers and 4,200 cases occur annually[1]. The purpose of this study is to use a deep learning model to identify the possibility of lesions in the cervix and to evaluate the efficient image preprocessing in order to diagnose diverse types of cervix in form. The study used 4,107 normal photographs of uterine cervix and 6,285 abnormal photographs of uterine cervix. Two types of image preprocessing were resized to square. The methods are cropping based on height and filling the space up and down with black images. In addition, all images were resampled to 256×256. The average accuracy of cropped cases is 94.15%. The average accuracy of the filled cases is 93.41%. According to the study, the model performance of cropped data was slightly better. But there were several images that were not accurately classified. Therefore, the additional experiment with pre-treatment process based on cropping is needed to cover images of the cervix in more detail.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.1 s.19
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• pp.123-129
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• 1986

Fetal weight data from 84 litters of Sprague-Dawley rats were statistically analyzed for the effect of position in the uterine horn on fetal weight. The standard score obtained from the mean weight and standard deviation of all fetuses in a uterine horn were studied for position effect. In control group, the heaviest fetus occupied the middle position with a progressive decrease in weights toward the ovarian and cervical ends of the horn. But the effect related to position for the fetal weight was not statistically significant. In contrast, rats acutely or chronically exposed to carbon monoxide showed statistically significant positional differences of fetal weight within the uterine horns. The findings that the intrauterine position effect on fetal weight which is not signicant in control group may act one of confounders at the situation of transplacental toxicological studios.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

To determine the correlation between mast cells(MCs) and neoangiogenesis in the growth and progression of cervical cancer, we investigated mast cell density(MCD), microvessel density(MVD) and the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive suqamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Forty-five cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN I, II and III), 15 microinvasive carcinomas, 15 invasive squamous cell carcinomas and 20 normal cervical epithelia were included in this study. MCs were stained with anti-c-Kit antibody and alcian blue, microvessels with anti-factor VIII antibody and VEGF with anti-VEGF antibody. The adjacent fields of both normal and neoplastic epithelium were used for counting MCs and microvessels. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate MCD and MVD. MCD and MVD were the mean numbers per $1mm^2$ counted in 5-10 high and low power fields respectively. In both c-Kit and alcian blue stained sections, MCD progressively increased along the continuum from CIN I to invasive squamous cell carcinoma(p<0.001). MVD increased significantly with cervical neoplasia progression, from CIN to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.001). In double c-Kit and Factor VIII-stained sections, MCs were mainly present in the areas adjacent to newly formed blood vessels. However, there were no significant differences in MCD and MVD between normal epithelum and CIN I. A strong correlation was also observed between MCD and MVD. In double VEGF and alcian blue-stained sections, VEGF was expressed in only MCs. Strong VEGF-positive MCs were particularly abundant around the tumorous region. Our results suggest that MCs may upregulate neoangiogenesis by VGEF secretion in the development and progression of cervical neoplasia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6749-6754
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• 2014

Background: There are limited data in the literature related to concomitant genital or extra-genital organ pathologies in patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with 183 patients to draw attention to the accompanying organ pathologies with BOTs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-three patients with BOTs, diagnosed and/or treated in our center between January of 2000 and March of 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Data related to age, tumor histology, lesion side, disease stage, accompanying incidental ipsilateral and/or contralateral ovarian pathologies, treatment approaches, and follow-up periods were investigated. Incidental gynecologic and non-gynecologic concomitant organ pathologies were also recorded. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 40.6 years (range: 17-78). Ninety-five patients (51%) were ${\leq}40$ years. A hundred and forty-seven patients (80%) were at stage IA of the disease. The most common type of BOT was serous in histology. Non-invasive tumor implants were diagnosed in 4% and uterine involvement was found 2% among patients who underwent hysterectomies. There were 12 patients with positive peritoneal washings. Only 17 and 84 patients respectively had concomitant ipsilateral and concomitant contralateral incidental ovarian pathologies. The most common type of uterine, appendicular and omental pathologies were chronic cervicitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and chronic inflammatory reaction. Conclusions: According to our findings most of accompanying pathologies for BOT are benign in nature. Nevertheless, there were additional malignant diseases necessitating further therapy. We emphasize the importance of the evaluation of all abdominal organs during surgery.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.429-436
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• 2007

This study was performed to make helpful standard for discrimination of cows from heifers by uterine and ovarian section inspection. A total of 3,736 heifers and 249 cows were inspected from January to November 2006 in Karak Market Slaughter house. Firstly, it was obvious that non-corpus albicans were observed in almost heifers(3,597/3,736, 96.3%), but there were distinctive corpus albicans in all cows (249/249 100%). Secondly, another evident was that the length and diameter of the horn in uterus was below 30mm in 94.5% (3,267/3,736) heifers, but above 30mm in 90.4% (225/245) cows, and it was easy to distinguish between right and left horn by difference of size in 87.6% (218/249) cows. Thirdly the diameters of pelvic cavity was below 220mm in 96.8% (3,615/3,736) heifers, but was over 200mm in 85.1% (212/249) cows. Fourthly another difference was found in second sacrum union condition and 13th thoracic vertebral process's states. In case of heifers, it was distinctive five lines in each second sacrum, but it was non-distinctive or united in the same each lines of the sacrum in cows. Fifthly in the results of 13th thoracic vertebral colors, the ratio between red color and white color was 7 : 3 in heifers (3,385/3,736, 90.6%), but that was 2 : 8 in cows (199/249, 79.9%). Consequently, it was possible to use the method which discriminated cows from heifers by uterine and ovarian section inspection in large scaled field slaughter house.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Phthalates and those metabolites have long history in industry and suspected to have deficient effects in development and reproduction. These are well-known anti-androgenic chemicals and many studies have examined the effects of these compounds on male reproduction as toxins and endocrine disruptors. Uterus is a key organ for proper embryo development, successful reproduction, and health of eutherian mammals including women. To understand the effects of the phthalate, the horizontal approach with a whole group of phthalate is best but the known phthalates are huge and all is not uncovered. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most common product of plasticizers in polymer products and studied many groups. Although, there is limited studies on the effects of phthalates on the female, a few studies have proved the endocrine disrupting characters of DEHP or phthalate mixture in female. An acute and high dose of DEHP has adverse effects on uterine histological characters. Recently, it has been revealed that a chronical low-dose exposing of DEHP works as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). DEHP can induce various cellular responses including the expression regulation of steroid hormone receptors, transcription factors, and paracrine factors. Interestingly, the response of uterus to DEHP is not monotonous and the exposed female has various phenotypes in fertility. These suggest that the exposing of DEHP may causes of histological modification in uterus and of disease in female such as endometriosis, hyperplasia, and myoma in addition to developmental and reproductive toxicity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.426-428
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• 2002

A seven-year old mare had endometritis after history of abortion and repeated intra-uterine infusion of antibiotics. She showed hyperemia and oedema of the cervical mucosa with grayish white purulent discharge. Candida albicans was determined to be the causative agent of the endometritis. The diagnosis was established by the direct demonstration of the pathogen in the uterine exudate and its isolation in pure, heavy and luxuriant growth. In vitro disc diffusion test showed the organism was sensitive to all the four antifungal drugs tested, which are amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole and nystatin. The intrauterine nystatin infusion was found very effective as C. albicans could not be recovered 7 days after the last treatment.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing the pregnancy rate among unexplained infertile couples who received treatments of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and intra-uterine inseminations (IUI). Methods: The medical records of 24,201 cases of unexplained infertility among a total of 31,684 intrauterine insemination treatment cases, (which benefited by 'National Medical-aid Program for ART in 2011') were used for this analysis. Results: Woman's age (OR=0.94), frequency of IUI (OR=0.86), and treatment type (OR=1.54) were significant factors on pregnancy rates in the logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Factors, such as the age of the infertile woman, frequency of IUI, and treatment type used to induce ovulation were shown to positively influence pregnancy rate. However, the age of the spouse was not a significant variable. Infertile couples having unprotected sexual intercourse with unexplained infertility had priority. The results demonstrated that about 70% of infertile Korean couples had unexplained infertility. This was a higher rate of unexplained infertility than that of the clinical standard. Therefore, we should assess for causes through future studies. In addition, affective or emotional factors influencing unexplained infertility need to be researched further.