• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.60-70
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• 2011

Conventional content management systems are independently developed for a specific field in general. Therefore usage of contents for the CMS will be limited to the corresponding CMS field. These characteristics might reveal a defect that CMS could not support effectively in exchange and sharing of information between CMSs. On the other hand, metadata standardization shows big differences in method and representation for the fields of CMS because all metadata standardizations are variously performed according to applications of them. There are lots differences that make interoperability between CMSs impossible. In this paper, we propose a novel metadata schema based on METS(metadata encoding and transmission standard) so that metadata standardization can be fulfilled in reality and solved the problem of duplicated contents created from different CMSs. This framework of integrated metadata proposed here can offer an interoperability between contents created by different CMSs, and discard duplicated contents. As a result of the proposed technology, we obtain 0.5% duplication rate from traditional 10.3%. In addition the filtering ability of duplicated contents shows from 92% to 96%, which proves the effectiveness and stability of the proposed technology.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.525-532
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• 2004

N-acyl taurates are known as environmental-friendly and non-irritating to skin. In this study, the physicochemical properties of N-acyl taurates, which are amide-type anionic surfactants, were measured and also compared with sulfate-type anionic surfactants that show low biodegradability and are highly irritating to skin. The possibility of replacing the currently existing sulfate-type surfactants by N-acyl taurates was examined. Based on the experimental results, shampoos were formulated with these anionic surfactants and their stability and properties were measured. The possibility of application of amide-type surfactants to personal care cleaner was evaluated. Experimental results show that N-acyl taurates have various favorable aspects in making personal care cleanser: high viscosity, low surface tension, and low CMC values. These properties of N-acyl taurates generate nano-scale particles in emulsion, which is stable due to its high viscosity. This emulsion also has good cleaning ability with small amount of usage due to easy penetration into contaminants. Shampoo with N-methyl oleyl taurate showed high yield point and constant viscosity, and formed stable emulsion with nano- scale uniform particles. These results suggest that N-acyl taurates play an important role in making stable Interior structure in shampoo, and which improves the storage property.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Up to now, better convenience and portability were important factors in the development of the cosmetics and achieved by immersing low viscosity makeup water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion into the impregnation material. Conventionally, polyurethane sponges having porous network structures and hard textures have been dominantly used. It has an advantage of easy to manufacture because of its good impregnation property due to its structural characteristics. However, it releases emulsion too much at first use, and shows unexpected dramatic decline during the period of usage. In this study, we studied on makeup W/O emulsion with various features and developed the new foaming sponge, which showed excellent formability and proper absorption and discharge ability of cosmetic composition through the combination of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). This impregnation material is characterized by the softness of elasticity like a rubber, high elongation and uniform output. We confirmed that this material can be used to develop makeup products using various oils depending on polarity and controlling the viscosity of the makeup W/O emulsion. Thus, it is concluded that these results provide valuable information in developing new cosmetics impregnation materials.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 1995

Weed control in the Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) garden is more difficult than in other crops because the ginseng is a perennial crop and has to be cultivated under the artificial shading. As hand weeding is the only practical means to control weed after crop establishment, a selective herbicide would greatly simplify the control of weed in ginseng garden. In an exploratory experiment, the hervicide Fluazifop-butyl was found to be selectively safe for the Korean ginseng plants. Various rates of Fluazifop-butyl were sprayed on 2-, 3-, and 4-years old ginseng plants as a foliar spray to detect crop injury and to difine their critical concentration. No apparent injury to the ginseng plant was noticable even the doubled application rate of Fluazifop-butyl the based on recommended dosage. Neither abnormal foliar change nor any inhibition in leaf and stem growth was resulted for 2-, 3-, and 4-years old ginseng plants treated with Fluazifop-butyl tripled the recommended usage. The foliar treatments of Fluazifop-butyl did not influence the photosynthesis ability but inhibited the respiration of the ginseng leaf.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 1978

It is well known that the aluminizing steel is excellent in corrosion resistance and heat resistance. Therefore it has been used as boiler parts, heat exchanger parts and guide rails which are used under comparatively simple conditions. Recently, it has been noticed that aluminizing steel has high resistance to various atmosphere, high temperature oxidation and seawater resistance. So its usage has been extended widely to the production of parts such as intake and exhaust valve of internal combustion engine, turbine blade and pipelines On ships which required such properties. It is considered that aluminium coated steel is excellent in wear resistance because of high hardness on main ingredient FezAIs of Fe-AI alloy layer existed in diffusion coating layer. And it will beused as a new material taking wear resitance with seawater resistance in marine field. However it is difficult to findout any report concering the wear behaviors or properties of alum in izing steel. In this study the experiment was carried out under the condition of rolling-sliding contact using an Amsler-type wear testing machine at 0.80, 0.91, 1. 10, 1. 25% of slip ratio and 55.43, 78.38, 110.85 kg/mm^2 of Hertz's contact stress in run-in period for the purpose of service-ability test of aluminizing steel as a wear resisting material and obtaining the available design data. The followings are the obtained results from the experimen tal study; 1) The 2nd diffusion material has most excellent wear resistance. This material has brought out about 18% decrease of wear weight in a lower friction load level and 40~G decrease in a higher level comparing to the raw material. 2) Satisfactory effect of wear resistivity cannot be much expected in 2nd diffusion specimens. This is considered due to the formation of fine void in the alloy layer near the boundary to the aluminium layer. 3) Fracture on friction surface of aluminizing steel by the rolling-sliding contact is spalling, and spalling crack occurres initially beneath the specimen surface near the boundary in diffusion coating layer.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.35-47
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• 2016

This research aimed to observe adolescent children's use of time and to discover the parent-related factors that affect adolescent children's use of time. The subjects included 2,092 fourth-grade elementary school students and 2,108 first-grade middle school students. We used data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. We tested sociodemographic factors, parents characteristics, and time usage, and we studied these factors using SPSS version 23.0; the results are as follows. Firstly, in the subordinate scope of the child-rearing attitude of parents, affection fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 1.83) and first-grade middle school students(M = 2.02). Inconsistency had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 1.99), and first-grade middle school students(M = 2.12). Excessive expectations had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 2.40) and first-grade middle school students(M = 2.55). Over-involvement had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 2.68)and first-grade middle school students(M = 2.80). Finally, giving reasonable explanations had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 1.51)and first-grade middle school students(M = 1.68). Secondly, in fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 463.35) and first-grade middle school students(M = 378.75). Further, studying hours during weekdays had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 456.15) and first-grade middle school students(M = 460.86). Free activity hours during had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 390.54) and first-grade middle school students(M = 387.11). Sleeping hours during holidays had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 544.85) and first-grade middle school students (M = 511.74). Studying hours during holidays had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students (M = 484.86) and first-grade middle school students (M = 511.74). Free activity hours during holidays had an effect on fourth-grade elementary school students(M = 518.68) and first-grade middle school students(M = 509.73). Thirdly, by observing the relative influence of related factors on adolescent children's use of time, grade(${\beta}$ = -.284), gender(${\beta}$ = -.208), over-involvement(${\beta}$ = -.380), supervising(${\beta}$ = -.217), and (${\beta}$ = .243) in terms of the child-rearing attitudes of parents was found to affect study hours($F=2.595^{**}$). The education level of fathers(${\beta}$ = -.144) results in(${\beta}$ = 1.991) and longer free activity hours for children($F= 4.116^{***}$). This research can be used to study the influence of parents'child-rearing attitudes on adolescent children's use of time and to suggest the role of parents in adolescents' ability to manage time effectively using practical.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.744-753
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• 2015

This paper presents the results of research on developing marine unified communications to provide VoIP service based on marine satellites. With the recent popularity of smart-phones and other mobile devices, the demand for Internet-based wired and wireless unified technology has been growing in marine environments, and increasing interest is being directed to VoIP products and service models with high price competitiveness and the ability to deliver a variety of services. In this regard, this research designed three instruments, developed their unit modules, and verified their performances. These three instruments included the following: (1) a marine VoIP module equipped with an analogue gateway that can be linked to the existing devices used in vessels, which is more than 80% smaller than that of a land system; (2) a text/voice/video engine for marine satellite communications that runs on technology that minimizes communication data usage, which is a core technology for a marine VoIP service; and (3) a unified communication service that can support multilateral cloud-based message conversations, telephone number-based call functions, and voice/video calling between a private space in a ship and shore.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.447-459
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• 2007

Recently, the use of computer game by Korean teenagers is rapidly growing due to the expansion of the computer popularization and the development of game industry. Of all the teenagers, 82.4% have experience of playing computer game and statistics shows that 22.4% of them play everyday. There is an opinion that the computer game not only improves self confidence and concentration but also enhances internet use, foreign language usage and cognitive ability so that it accelerates learning efficacy and releases stress. On the other hand, there also exists a negative opinion on the symptoms of its addiction. Young(1996) warns that like other addictions, computer game addiction can provoke social problems such as loss of control, desire, marriage problem, schoolwork failure, financial deficiency and loss of employment. Therefore, this study has investigated how computer game addiction affects teenagers' personality. For this purpose, I have conducted the research on the reality of teenagers'computer game use, computer game addiction assessment, analysis on the difference between male and female, and on the relation between the level of computer game addiction and teenagers' personality. As a result, it is confirmed that the computer game addiction affects negatively to teenagers' personality such as stability, self-controlling, perceiving emotion, expressing emotion and controlling emotion.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-199
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to discover differences between mathematically gifted students (MGS) and non-gifted students (NGS) when making probability judgments. For this purpose, the following research questions were selected: 1. How do MGS differ from NGS when making probability judgments(answer correctness, answer confidence)? 2. When tackling probability problems, what effect do differences in probability judgment factors have? To solve these research questions, this study employed a survey and interview type investigation. A probability test program was developed to investigate the first research question, and the second research question was addressed by interviews regarding the Program. Analysis of collected data revealed the following results. First, both MGS and NGS justified their answers using six probability judgment factors: mathematical knowledge, use of logical reasoning, experience, phenomenon of chance, intuition, and problem understanding ability. Second, MGS produced more correct answers than NGS, and MGS also had higher confidence that answers were right. Third, in case of MGS, mathematical knowledge and logical reasoning usage were the main factors of probability judgment, but the main factors for NGS were use of logical reasoning, phenomenon of chance and intuition. From findings the following conclusions were obtained. First, MGS employ different factors from NGS when making probability judgments. This suggests that MGS may be more intellectual than NGS, because MGS could easily adopt probability subject matter, something not learnt until later in school, into their mathematical schemata. Second, probability learning could be taught earlier than the current elementary curriculum requires. Lastly, NGS need reassurance from educators that they can understand and accumulate mathematical reasoning.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.431-449
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• 2020

Structural property of most hydrogels is soft, resulting in low mechanical performance that limits their usage in the biomedical applications. For overcoming the drawback, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were adopted in this study. Effects of CNCs on characteristics and drug delivery performance of poly (vinyl alcohol) based hydrogels were explored. FT-IR results showed that the fabricated hydrogels had semi-IPN (semi-interpenetrating polymer network) by formation of acetal and aldehyde bridge. Water absorption and swelling ratio decreased with increasing CNCs content, and the hydrogels with CNCs showed better viscoelastic performance than the without CNCs. Also, CNCs mostly improved the ability of the hydrogel to absorb the drug and the sustainability of the drug release. These results demonstrated that incorporating CNCs into the hydrogel systems can be a good alternative to improve drug delivery performance and mechanical property of the hydrogels.