• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2011

The measurement and prediction of bacterial transport of bacteria in aquatic systems is of fundamental importance to a variety of fields such as groundwater bioremediation ascending urinary tract infection. The motility of pathogenic bacteria is, however, often missing when considering pathogen translocation prediction. Previously, it was reported that flagellated E. coli can translate upstream under low shear flow conditions. The upstream swimming of flagellated microorganisms depends on hydrodynamic interaction between cell body and surrounding fluid flow. In this study, we used a breathable microfluidic device to image swimming E. coli at a glass surface under low shear flow condition. The tendency of upstream swimming motion was expressed in terms of 'A' value in parabolic equation ($y=Ax^2+Bx+C$). It was observed that high shear flow rate increased the 'A' value as the shear force acting on bacterium increased. Shorter bacterium turned more tightly into the flow as they swim faster and experience less drag force. The result obtained in this study might be relevant in studying the fate and transport of bacterium under low shear flow environment such as irrigation pipe, water distribution system, and urethral catheter.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.340-347
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• 2008

Dipstick urinalysis is used as a routine test for a screening test of UTI (urinary tract infection) in primary practice because urine dipstick test is simple. The result of dipstick urinalysis brings medical professionals to make a microscopic examination and urine culture for exact UTI diagnosis, therefore it is emphasized on a role of screening test. The objective of this study was to the classification between UTI patients and normal subjects using hybrid neural network classifier with enhanced clustering performance in urine dipstick screening test. In order to propose a classifier, we made a hybrid neural network which combines with RBF layer, summation & normalization layer and L VQ artificial neural network layer. For the demonstration of proposed hybrid neural network, we compared proposed classifier with various artificial neural networks such as back-propagation, RBFNN and PNN method. As a result, classification performance of proposed classifier was able to classify 95.81% of the normal subjects and 83.87% of the UTI patients, total average 90.72% according to validation dataset. The proposed classifier confirms better performance than other classifiers. Therefore the application of such a proposed classifier expect to utilize telemedicine to classify between UTI patients and normal subjects in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2515-2518
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• 2012

Aim: To study the causes and significance of both microscopic and macroscopic haematuria in adult patients and assess possible relevance to early detection of urological cancers. Methods: 417 patients presenting with haematuria were assessed in our Urology Unit. Following confirmation of haematuria, these patients were subjected to imaging techniques and flexible cystoscopy. Parameters analysed included clinical characteristics, imaging results, flexible cystoscopy findings, time delay to diagnoses and eventual treatment and final diagnoses of all cases. Results: 390 haematuria cases were analysed from 417 consecutive patients with haematuria. After 27 cases were excluded as they had previous history, 245 microscopic and 145 macroscopic. Age range was 17 to 95 years old with predominance of 152 females to 239 males. The racial distribution included 180 Chinese, 100 Indians,95 Malays and 15 other races. The final diagnoses were benign prostatic hyperplasia (22.6%), no cause found (22.3%), other causes (18.7%), urolithiasis (11.5%), urinary tract infection UTI (10.8%), non specific cystitis (10.3%), bladder tumours (2.8%) and other genitourinary tumours (1%). 11 new cases (2.8%) of bladder cancers were diagnosed, with a mean age of 59 years. Only 3 of 245 (1.2%) patients with microscopic haematuria had newly diagnosed bladder tumour compared with 8 of 145 (5.5%) patients with frank haematuria (p=0.016). Mean time taken from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of bladder cancer was 53.3 days with definitive treatment (TURBT) in 20.1 days from diagnosis. Conclusion:- This study has highlighted the common causes of haematuria in our local setting. We recommend that full and appropriate investigations be carried out on patients with frank haematuria especially those above 50 years old in order to provide earlier detection and prompt management of bladder diseases especially tumours.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.218-223
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• 2013

Purpose: Early diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children is of special importance in order to prevent serious complications. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in children with acute pyelonephritis. Methods: Eighty-seven patients between 1 month to 12 years old with urinary tract infection (UTI) were divided into 2 groups based on the result of 99m-technetium dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan: acute pyelonephritis (n=37) and lower UTI (n=50) groups. White blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (Neutl) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, platelet count, and serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations of both groups were measured and compared. Results: There was a significant difference between two groups regarding WBC count, Neutl count, ESR, and CRP concentration (P<0.05). In addition, the difference between the two groups regarding serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations was not significant (IL-6, 60 and 35.4 pg/mL and IL-8, 404 and 617 pg/mL, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of serum IL-6 and IL-8 for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis were 73%, 42% and 78%, 32%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of serum IL-6 and IL-8 were less than those of acute phase serum reactants such as CRP. Conclusion: This study showed that there was no significant difference between acute pyelonephritis and lower UTI groups regarding serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Therefore, despite confirming results of previous studies, it seems that IL-6 and IL-8 are not suitable markers for differentiating between acute pyelonephritis and lower UTI.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2018

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common infectious diseases in children. Several imaging modalities can be used to confirm the presence of acute pyelonephritis (APN). Among them the 99mTcdimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan (DMSA scan) is used as a gold standard for diagnosis. Ultrasonography technology is evolving. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of Power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) compared to the results from the previous study. Methods: There were 260 patients included in this study, aged between 1 and 12 months old. The patients were admitted to the Yeungnam University Medical Center between January 2008 and December 2015. All patients underwent both DMSA scan and PDU within 5days of admission. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed in 195 patients with abnormal DMSA scan or PDU. Results: The diagnostic sensitivity of APN using PDU was 45.5% and specificity was 85.5% in 260 patients following detection of a defect on DMSA scan that was defined as APN. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PDU for VUR were 65.5 % and 60.1%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of DMSA scan for VUR were 95.7% and 14.1%, respectively. Conclusion: PDU has a high specificity but low sensitivity, so there are limitations in using it to replace a DMSA scan for the diagnosis of APN in children. DMSA scan and PDU have different sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of VUR, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that the sensitivity and specificity of each test can be helpful in diagnosing APN and VUR when used in conjunction.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2012

Since urachal abnormalities are uncommon and have various clinical manifestations such as umbilical discharge, periumbilical pain, recurrent urinary tract infection and abdominal mass according to its structure, it is not easy to diagnose. We report our experience of a patient with urachal remnant abscess who presented with gross hematuria initially, and improved after the management with intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of abscess.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.413-429
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• 1998

Escherichia coli is recovered from a wide variety of infections in many animals species. It may be a primary or secondary agent. Nursing and young animals are particularly susceptible, and urinary tract infections are frequent. The various serotypes of E coli are intestinal inhabitants of animals including humans and probably infect most mammals and birds : therefore, they have a cosmopolitan distribution. Colibacillosis refers to any totalized or systemic infection caused entirely or partly by E coli. Collibacillosis in mammals is most often a primary enteric disease, whereas collibacillosis in poultry is typically a secondary located or systemic disease occurring when host defenses have been impaired or overwhelmed. Other opportunistic bacteria, which can be identified by culture, may play a similar role to that of I coli in secondary infections. Collectively, infections caused by E coli are responsible for significant economic losses to the animal performance. From the standpoint of pathogenic mechanisms and diseases, four major categories of E coli are recognized : enterotoxigenic(ETEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroinvasive(EIEC), and enterohemorrhagic(EHEC). In addition, two less-well-defined E coli categories are recognized in animals and humans : enteroaggregative and cytotoxin necrotizing factor-positive. The aforementioned categories are represented by different serotypes. Certain serotypes show a host preference and are encountered more frequently in some disease syndromes. Of the four major categories, ETEC is the most common cause of diarrhea in calves, lambs, and pigs. Strains in the other categories cause the less-common diarrhea and other disease syndromes. Enterotoxins and pilus antigens are the two most prominent virulence factors thus far identified for ETEC. Two enterotoxins, one heat-stable(ST) and one heat-labile(LT), are produced by enterotoxigenic strains of E coli : not all culture produce both of these plasmid-based enterotoxins.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 1998

Clinical observation was done on 272 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CVA with brain CT, TCD, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from 1st January to 31st December in 1997. 1. The cases were classified into the following kinds: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage. and transient ischemic attack. The most case of them was the cerebral infarction. 2. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes in male and female. And the frequency of strokes was highest in the aged over 50. 3. In cerebral infarction the most frequent lesion was the territory of middle cerebral artery, and in cerebral hemorrhage the most frequent lesion was the basal ganglia. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension. and the next was diabetes. 5. The rate of recurrence was high in cerebral infarction. 6. The cerebral infarction occurred usually in resting and sleeping, and the cerebral hemorrhage in acting. 7. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 8 The average time to start physical therapy was 1l.3rd day after stroke in cerebral infarction and it was 15.2th day after stroke in cerebral hemorrhage. 9. The common complications were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, myocardial infarction. 10. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are usually found more frequently in cerebral infarction than in hemorrhage. 11. In acute or subacute stage, the methods of smoothening the flow of ki(順氣), dispelling phlegm(祛痰), clearing away heat(淸熱) or purgation(瀉下) were frequently used. and in recovering stage, the methods of replenishing ki(補氣), tonifying the blood(補血) or tranquilization(安神) were frequently used.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.288-291
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• 2007

Hypospadias is a malformation in which the urethra open on the ventral side of the penis and its frequency is about from 0.3% to 0.5% male birth in human. It is considered a disorder both genetic and environmental factors involves in pathogenesis. A KNC(Korean native calf) showing symptoms of fusion defect of the male ventral urethra, penile defect, bifid scrotum and low body weigh was born. To prevent an ascending urinary tract infection, dermatitis and loss of hair, surgical operation was performed to make a genitals like a female. After the operation, the KNC got a regenerative hair and normal urination. However the KNC became anorexia, loss in weight and weak. Seventy days after birth, the KNC died. The view of autopsy was a yellowish hepatomegaly, hydronephrosis, closed ureter and complex disorder in interanl organ. The symptoms of hepatomegaly and hydronephrosis could be due to a fluid therapy as a consequence of ureter obstruction. The normal urination of the KNC before it got sick, suggested that ureter obstruction in the case of this KNC was formed at its postnatal growth stage.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was prepared for investigating the clinical features of stroke patients. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 169 patients who were admitted to Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Won University with a diagnosis of stroke from Jan. 1, 2003 to Dec. 31, 2003. Results : Ischemic stroke(include TIA, 85.2%) was more common than hemorrhagic stroke(14.8%). The incidence in male was 46.7%, in female was 53.3% and the most prevalent age group is over-sixties. Cerebral infarction was most frequently noticed in MCA territory and lacunar-inf., hemorrhage in putamen. Hypertention, the most preceding diseases, followed by diabetes mellitus. The rate of recurrence was 30.18%. Cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage was much occurred in acting. The most patients visited the hospital after 5 days. The most common symptoms in admission time were motor weakness and speech disorder. The complication was mostly urinary tract infection. Physical treatment from onset, in cerebral infarction was 9.14 days and in cerebral hemorrhage was 18.33 days. Conclusions : Our study on CVA patients was similar to previous studies from 1994 to 2002. In most cases, western and oriental treatment and medicine were given synthetically.