• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.124-131
• /
• 1991

This study was to examine the effects of dietary protein levels and the sources of protein(animal and plant) on calcium and phosphorus metabo lism in 10 healthy Korean female adults. The 26­d day study consisted of a 6-day adaptation period and lO-day moderate protein(109 N, 550mg Ca) a and IO-day high protein( 14g N, 570mg Ca) pe­r riod. During the experimental period, the subjects w were divided into two groups, either consuming a animal protein diet(75 % animal protein) or plant protein diet(75 % plant protein). Calcium(300 mg) was supplemented to two subjects of each d dict group for the last 4 days. Feces, urine and diet were analyzed nitrogen. calcium and phos­p phorus. The apparent absorption of calcium was significantly increased as the protein intake was inc­r reased from 60g to 90g in animal protein diet. A Average calcium absorption rate was 30% and 46 % from high and moderate levels of animal p protein diet Urinary calcium excretion was not affected by t the amount of the protein intake in both animal and plant protein diet. There was significantly higher urinary calcium excretion(I34mg) in high I level of animal protein diet than that( 83mg) in h high level of plant protein diet. Calcium balance was improved as the protein intake increased and c calcium was supplemented. Phosphorus absorp­t tion was more efficient in the high animal diet(77.81 %) than in the high plant diet(55-65%). The overall results indicate that an increase of protein and calcium supplement in moderate pro­ttein intake can improve calcium balance due to the increase of calcium absorption.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.713-722
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary green tea powder supplementation on bone metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $210{\pm}3g$) were divided into two groups, diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups which were fed with the control and 1% green tea powder diets. The serum and urine concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were determined. Serum osteocalcin and ALP and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured in order to monitor bone formation and resorption. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were estimated using PIXImus in the spine and femur. Body weight gain and FER were lower in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group regardless of diets. The serum concentration of calcium and phosphorus were not changed among all groups. Urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion were higher in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group regardless of diets; however, they were not significantly different by green tea powder intake. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was increased in the diabetic group than in thenon-diabetic group. Further, there were no significant differences in serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslinks value among all groups. The levels of spine and femur bone mineral density of the diabetic group were significantly lower than that of the non-diabetic group. Within the diabetic group, spine BMD was significantly higher in rats fed with the green tea powder diet than in rats fed the control diet. Therefore, this study suggests that green tea powder has a beneficial effect on bone health, although it is not directly applicable to humans.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2002

Objectives : This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Amydae Carapax (AC) on parameter related to bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Methods : We measured alkaline phosphatase activity and contents of estrogen, calcium, hydroxyproline, osteocalcin, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone after the ovariectomized rats were treated with AC for 30 days. Results : Serum estrogen, calcium and calcitonin contents in ovariectomized rats significantly decreased, but increased after AC treatment. [Significant increase of serum alkaline phosphatase activity, parathyroid hormone activity and osteocalcin content in ovariectomized rats was remarkably decreased by AC treatment. Increase of urinary calcium and hydroxyproline content in ovariectomized rats was decreased by AC treatment.] Conclusions : These results shows that AC has the ability to counteract abnormal calcium metabolic processes due to sex hormone inequality, promoting bone absorption and inhibiting bone formation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2001

Objectives : This study was undertaken to study the action mechanism of Rhizoma Davalliae (RD) at parameter related to regulating bone density. Methods : We measured alkaline phosphatase activity and the contents : calcium, hydroxyproline, osteocalcin, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone after the ovariectomized rats had been treated with RD for 30 days. Results : The following changes occurred: First, the serum calcium content and the calcitonin content, which decreased in ovariectomized rats, increased with RD treatment. Second, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity, the parathyroid hormone ativity, the osteocalcin content, the urinary calcium content, and the hydroxyprolin content-which increased in ovariectomized rats-decreased with RD treatment. Conclusions : These results show that RD treatment can recover abnormal calcium metabolic process by sex hormone inequality, promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone absorption.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2000

Purpose. Urinary calcium excretion using a 24-hr urine colledtion has been used for the diagnosis of hypercalciuria up to now. But It takes a lot of time and costs much. We have investigated on a more simple method for screening of hypercalciuria in children. Methods: We had retrospectively analyzed sodium, potassium, calcium and creatinine in spot urine of eighty-four patients with urinary symptoms from May 1998 to July 1998 in Korea university Guro hospital and compared the urinary Ca/Cr ratio with the Nin ratio. Using a urinary Nan ratio >2.68 as a cutoff value in predicting the occurrence of hypercalciuria, we measured its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value. Results: A direct relationship was found between urinary Na/K and Ca/Cr ratio (r=0.496, P<0.001, Ca/Cr : Na/K x 0.0167+0.061). Using a urinary Na/K ratio >2.68 as a cutoff value in predicting the occurrence of hypercalciuria, its sensitivity was found to be $100\%$ and its specificity $54.5\%$. The positive predictive value was $37.5\%$ and the negative predictive value $100\%$. Conclusions : Spot urine Na/K ratio is a valuable test for the screening of hypercalciuria in children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2007

Levan, the fructose polymer is an indigestible carbohydrate regularly consumed by humans. Its physiological functions, in terms of hypocholesterolemic effect and calcium metabolism, have not been well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of levan on blood lipids and the calcium absorption ratio in rats fed a 0.1% low calcium diet. Thirty rats were divided into three groups and fed a 0.1% low calcium diet (control) or low calcium diets containing either 2.5% levan or 5% levan for eight weeks. The blood lipid and biomarkers relevant to Ca metabolism (urinary Ca and hydroxyproline), the femoral weight and the Ca contents were determined. The body weight gains were lower in the 5% levan group than the control group. Plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in the 5% levan group, compared to the control group, but the atherogenic indice were not affected. Blood alkaline phosphatase activity, Ca and urinary hydroxyproline excretion levels were not different in the three groups. The net calcium absorption in rats fed a 5% levan diet was greater than rats fed the control diet, while the femoral weights and Ca contents were not significantly different in the three groups. We concluded that a 5% levan diet could both enhance the calcium absorption and improve the lipid profiles in rats fed a low calcium diet.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 1996

Correlations of adolescents' blood pressure with dietary factors and blood or urinary electrolytes were investigated in this study. Through the screening for blood pressures of 960 middle school students aged 13-16 years, 30 students with the mean value of SBP and DBP above 96th percentile(high blood pressure group) and the other 30 with the mean blood pressure between 48th and 52th percentiles(normal blood pressure group) were selected as the subjects. SBP/DBP of the high and talc normal blood pressure groups were $141.8{\pm}9.0$ / $83.6{\pm}5.1$ mmHg and $116.4{\pm}3.5$ / $69.8{\pm}3.7 mmHg$, respectively. The average values of age, weight, height, BMI, degree of relative crude physical activity, and family income were not different between two groups. Among nutrients for which intakes were determined by 24 hour-recall and expressed as percent RDA, intakes of total and animal calcium were lower in the high blood pressure group compared to the normal, and were negatively correlated with both SBP and DBP even when the effects of related general and other dietary factors were excluded. Whereas energy, total, animal and vegetable protein, total and animal lipid, and riboflavin were higher in intake in the high blood pressure group than in fille normal, and they were in positive correlations with SBP and/or DBP. Vitamin A and ascorbic acid intakes were also negatively correlated with DBP, though ascorbic acid intake was not different between two groups. High blood pressure group preferred higher concentration of thin rice gruel than normal group and talc preferred salt concentrations was ill positive correlation with SBP. Serum and urinary levels of Ca, Mg, Ca/Mg ratio, Na, K and Na/K ratio did not show any differences between two groups. However serum Ca/Mg retio was in negative and se겨m Mg was ill positive correlations with SBP, and urinary Na excretion was negatively correlated with SBP. Calcium intake showed negative correlation with serum Ha and Na/K ratio. Our data indicated that dietary intake of Ca, energy, protein, lipid, vitamin A and C as well as salt preference were associated with blood pressure in adolescents. It might be assumed that Ca lowered blood pressure by increasing serum Ca/Mg ratio and decreasing serum Ca/K ratio though urinary excretion of Na.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 1986

The present study conducted to examine the effects of proteins from different sources on Ca excretion in 6 healthy young adult Korean women. The subjects were given meat protein diet for 5 days and soy protein diet for subsequent 5 days. the two diets were similar in protein and Ca contents. Urinary and fecal samples were collected for the last 2 days of each diet period and were analyzed for Ca and P. The results were as following ; 1) Mean daily urinary calcium excretion was 126.5$\pm$22.70mg for meat protein diet and 83.7$\pm$17.19mg for soy protein diet and the difference was significant (P<0.025). 2) Fecal Ca excretion did not show significant difference between two experimental preiod ; 466.9$\pm$73.68 mg of meat portein diet 284.4$\pm$54.96mg for soy protein diet. 3) Three out of six subjects showed negative balance on meat protein diet, but only one showed negative balance on soy protein diet. The averageof the balances on meat protein diet was -65.4 $\pm$68.19 and that of soy protein diet was 155.3$\pm$52.28 ; the difference was significant(P<0.025). 4) Urinary P excretion tended to be higher on meat protein diet but was not significant compared to soy protein diet . Fecal P excretion was significantly higher (P<0.001) on soy protein diet. Overall P balances for meat protein diet and soy protein diet were 219.94 mg and 229.46mg respectively (P<0.05). The above results show that urinary Ca excretion was significantly higher on meat protein diet but fecal excretion did not show significant difference between meat protein diet and soy protein diet. The overall Ca balance was significantly higher on Soy protein diet compared to meat protein diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.516-530
• /
• 1989

A 44-day metabolic study was conducted to compare the effects of soy protein and meat protein on N, Ca, P, and Mg metabolism in young Korean males. Meat protein diet(MPD) and soy protin diet(SPD) were provided for 3 weeks each. For MPD, meat protein Supplied 50.3% of total protein and mean daily suplies of Ca, P, and Mg were 33.28mg, 1013.01mg, 226.81mg respectively. For SPD, soy protein supplied 51.8% of total protein and mean contents of Ca, P and Mg were 737.86mg, 1261.76mg, and 451.3mg. Mean daily fecal and urinary excretions of Ca were 350.6mg and 113.3mg for MPD and 515.0mg and 118.3mg for SPD. Apparent absorption rates in MPD and SPD were 4.2mg in MPD and 700.4mg and 475.1mg SPD. Apparent absorption rates were 65.6% in MPD and 44.5% in SPD(p<0.01). For Mg, fecal and urinary excretions were 144.8mg and 81.2mg in MPD and 292.4mg and 65.5mg in SPD. Apparent absorption rates were 37.5% in MPD and 35.2% in SPD. The correlations between urinary Ca, P, and their balance were significant (p<0.001) in MPD, but not in SPD. Urinary Ca was significantly correlated with urinary N, P, Mg(p<0.001) in MPD, but not in SPD. From these results, meat protein seems to increase the excretions of major minerals compared to soy protein.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 1997

This study was desiged to investigate the effects of calcium supplementation on the metabolism of sodium and potassium and blood pressure in seven healthy college women, aged from 19 to 21 years old. For this purpose, metabolic studies were conducted for two weeks. During the first week, the subjects ate experimental diet of which nutrients composition was similar to their usual intake. And during the consecutive second week, they ate the same experimental diet supplemented with 500mg or calcium daily. The results were summarized as follows : 1) Urinary excretion of sodium was significantly increased(p<0.05), but fecal excretion and retention of it was not affected by supplementary intake of calcium. 2) Potassium balance was not changed after additional intake of calcium. 3) Serum sodium and potassium level decreased significantly(p<0.05), but aldosterone and renin levels in serum were not changed by additional intake of calcium. 4) Systolic blood pressure(SBP) was not affected, but diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by supplementation of calcium. The above results showed that daily supplementary intake of calcium can be effective to decrease diastolic blood pressure through inducing the change of sodium metabolism in young women eating usual Korean diets.