• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.216-219
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• 2023

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world and is known to cause disseminated disease, most commonly tenosynovitis. Classically, gonorrhea-associated tenosynovitis presents with concomitant dermatitis and arthralgias, though this is not always the case. N. gonorrhoeae-related tenosynovitis has become more commonly seen by hand surgeons. To aid in management, we present three cases of gonorrhea-induced tenosynovitis spanning a range of presentations with variable treatments to demonstrate the variety of patients with this disease. Only one of our patients had a positive gonococcal screening test and no patient had purulent urethritis, the most common gonorrhea-related symptom. A separate patient had the classic triad of tenosynovitis, dermatitis, and arthralgias. Two patients underwent operative irrigation and debridement, and one was managed with anti-gonococcal antibiotics alone. Though gonorrhea is a rare cause of flexor tenosynovitis, it must always be on the differential for hand surgeons when they encounter this diagnosis. Taking an appropriate sexual history and performing routine screening tests can assist in the diagnosis, the prescription of appropriate antibiotics, and potentially avoiding an unnecessary operation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1974

The author has conducted survey on the socio-medical status of the 157 entertainers (male:25, female:132) in Jeonju area, during 1 to 15 July 1974. As results of this survey, following conclusions were obtained. 1. The age distribution was revealed the peak in the age group of 20 to 24 years with 44.5 per cent. Average age of male entertainers was 28.0 years and female entertainer with 23.9 years. 2. By the educational background of the entertainers, the greatest proportion or 45.9 per cent was middle school, 28.7 per cent in primary school. 3. Most of the entertainers had no their parents, father or mother while the ones who had parents were 21.0 per cent. 4. The average age of menerache of the female entertainers was $14.2{\pm}0.87$ years. 5. Regarding the marital status of the entertainers, the unmarried were 81.5 per cent and present status of marriage, 79.3 per cent were seperated. 6. The average of the first marriage was 24.4 years in male, and 22.6 years in female. 7. Regarding the working duration of the entertainers, 79.1 per cent worked less than 1 year. 8. Regarding the sex experiences before marriage, 76.0 per cent of the male and 91.7 per cent of the female reported had such experiences. 9. Induced abortions were found to have been experienced 88.6 per cent of the female entertainers. 10. Point prevalence rate for gonorrhea including non-specific urethritis of the entertainers were found 16.0 per cent of the male and 17.4 per cent of the female.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2017

Yongdamsagan-tang has been used to treat the urinary disorders, acute- and chronic-urethritis, and cystitis in Korea. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous analysis of the 20 bioactive marker compounds, geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, liquiritin apioside, acteoside, calceolarioside B, liquiritin, nodakenin, baicalin, liquiritigenin, wogonoside, baicalein, glycyrrhizin, wogonin, glycyrrhizin, wogonin, saikosaponin A, decursin, decursinol angelate, alisol B, alisol B acetate, and pachymic acid in traditional herbal formula, Yongdamsagan-tang. Chromatographic separations of all marker compounds were conducted using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was performed using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS coupled with an electrospray ionization source in the positive and negative modes. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. The correlation coefficient of 20 marker compounds in the test ranges was 0.9943-1.0000. The limits of detection and quantification values of the all marker components were 0.11-6.66 and 0.34-19.99 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the optimized LC-ESI-MS/MS method, three compounds, geniposidic acid (from Plantaginis Semen), alisol B (from Alismatis Rhizoma), and pachymic acid (from Poria Sclerotium), were not detected in this sample. While the amounts of the 17 compounds except for the geniposidic acid, alisol B, and pachymic acid were $0.04-548.13{\mu}g/g$ in Yongdamsagan-tang sample. Among these compounds, baicalin, bioactive marker compound of Scutellariae Radix, was detected at the highest amount as a $548.13{\mu}g/g$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.597-603
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• 2015

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes vaginitis and cervicitis in women and asymptomatic urethritis and prostatitis in men. Mast cells have been reported to be predominant in vaginal smears and vaginal walls of patients infected with T. vaginalis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activated by various stimuli, have been shown to regulate the transcriptional activity of various cytokine genes in mast cells. In this study, we investigated whether MAPK is involved in ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 cells induced by T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP). We found that TvSP induces the activation of MAPK and NADPH oxidase in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of MAPK and $p47^{phox}$ in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP also induced up-regulation of CD63, a marker for exocytosis, along the surfaces of human mast cells. Pretreatment with MAPK inhibitors strongly inhibited TvSP-induced ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation. Finally, our results suggest that TvSP induces intracellular ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 via MAPK signaling.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 1987

Chlamydia trachomatis has now shown that this interesting intracellular parasite is a cause of nongonococcal urethritis, infantile pneumonia, pelvic inflammatory disease and epididymitis, in addition to lymphogranuloma venerum and inclusion conjunctivitis. There are several diagnostic methods for C. trachomatis, but the method using monoclonal antibody is the most sensitive and specific. The hybride cell were prepared by fusion of myeloma cell($P_3X_{63}\;Ag_8{\cdot}V_{653}$) of mouse and lymphocyte of mouse(BALB/c) that were immunized with formalin killed C. trachomatis serotype D. The cell mixtures after fusion were dispensed into 640 wells of the 96 well culture plates and continuously cultured in HAT medium for 2 weeks. The supernatants of culture media in 83(13%) wells were reacted with C. trachomatis, which were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 96 well microplate. The clones that secreted antibody to C. trachomatis were cloned by limiting dilution. Only six monoclones secreted antibody to C. trachomatis. The antibody titer of ascitic fluid that collected from same BALB/c mice bearing hybridoma cells was above 1:100,000. These monoclonal antibodies that were IgG reacted with elementary and reticulate bodies of all serotypes(Ba, D, E, F, G, H, J and LGV type-I) using ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence stain, but there were no cross reaction with other bacteria(coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Proteus and E. coli). We concluded these six monoclones secreted the same monoclonal antibody to C. trachomatis. The sensitivity and specificity of the monoclonal antibody compared with Microtrak(confirmatory test of C. trachomatis, Syva) was 100%, respectively.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2023

요실금의 유병률은 전세계적으로 남성에서 3~11%, 여성에서 25~45%에 달할 정도로 매우 흔한 질환이며, 향후 고령화 진행에 따라 요실금은 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 요실금은 환자와 가족의 삶의 질을 현저히 떨어뜨리고, 우울감, 스트레스, 자존감 저하를 유발한다. 기존에 정신과 질환을 앓고있는 환자에서 요실금이 새로 발생할 때 정신과적 증상 악화, 치료 순응도 저하, 치료 효과 반감 등에 영향을 줄 수 있어 유의가 필요하다. 요실금은 대부분 방광 저장능력의 결함으로 일과성, 만성 요실금으로 구분된다. 일과성 요실금은 가역적인 요실금으로 delirium, infection, atrophic urethritis/vaginitis, psychological disorders, pharmaceuticals, excess urine output, restricted mobility, stool impaction (DIAPPERS)이 대표적인 원인이다. 만성 요실금은 복압성, 절박, 혼합, 일류성 또는 범람, 기능성, 그리고 지속성 요실금으로 구분된다. 약물 유발 요실금은 일과성 요실금의 한 종류로 임상에서 흔히 볼 수 있으며 여러 가지 정신과 약제에 의해서도 유발될 수 있다. 항정신병 약제가 가장 대표적으로 알려졌으며, 비정형 항정신병 약제의 알파 아드레날린성 차단효과로 인한 요도 괄약근 근긴장도 저하, 항콜린성작용에 의한 요폐, 세로토닌 길항 효과로 인한 pudendal nerve 반사 저하, 심한 진정효과, 약물유발 당뇨, 경련 등 여러가지 메커니즘이 작용하는 것으로 추정된다. 리튬은 요실금과 관련된 증례가 보고된 사례는 미미하나 신성 요붕증으로 인한 일류성 요실금과 연관될 수 있고, 발프로산도 명확하지 않은 기전으로 야뇨증을 유발할 수 있다. 항우울제의 경우 SSRI는 세로토닌 경로와 배뇨근 활성에 영향을 줌으로써, SNRI와 TCA는 요저류를 유발함으로써 요실금을 일으킬 수 있다. 부프로피온과 멀타자핀도 드물지만 요실금 사례가 보고된 바 있다. 벤조디아제핀의 경우 방광의 근이완으로 요저류와 요실금을 모두 유발할 수 있으며 항치매제로 쓰이는 아세틸콜린 분해효소 억제제는 말초의 아세틸콜린을 증가시켜 요실금을 유발한다. 이렇듯 요실금은 여러 정신과 약제로 인하여 발생될 수 있으므로, 요로 증상을 면밀히 확인하여 약물 선택과 조절에 주의해야 하며, 요실금이 약물로 인한 것임이 밝혀졌을 경우 원인 약물의 중단, 감량 또는 분복 변경이 필요하며 약물치료로는 desmopressin, oxybutynin, trihexyphenidyl, amitriptyline을 추가해볼 수 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

의약분업실시 전후 보건소 투약환자의 특성변화, 질병양상변화 그리고 진료내용변화를 알아보기 위해 의약분업 전인 2000년 3월과 의약분업 후인 2001년 3월 각각 한 달 동안 경상남북도에 소재한 4개 보건소(도농복합형 시보건소 2개소, 군보건소 2개소)를 의약분업 전과 후에 이용한 투약환자 5,890명(의약분업 전)과 3,496명(의약분업 후)을 대상으로 건강 보험 및 의료급여 청구서를 이용하여 투약환자의 성, 연령, 주 진단명, 의료보장종류, 내소일수, 투약일수를 조사하였다. 또한 의약품 처방의 변화를 알기 위해 급성 호홉기질환 및 근골격계 질환자에 처방한 약제 종류수, 주사제 사용률, 항생제 사용률, 고가소염제 사용률를 조사하였다. 투약환자의 질환별로는 분업 전에 비해 급성호흡기 질환자는 49.7%, 고혈압환자는 18.1%, 근골격계질환자는 70.5%, 당뇨병환자는 8.5%, 소화기계질환자는 71.2%, 만성호흡기질환자는 76.4% 감소하였으며, 요도감염질환자는 의약분업 전에 비해 66.7% 증가하였다. 의약분업 전후 평균 내소일수의 변화는, 성별로는 남녀 모두 의약분업 전 보다 후가 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.01), 의료보장형태별도는 건강보험은 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.01), 의료급여는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 질환별로는 고혈압, 당뇨병, 근골격계질환에서 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 의약분업 전후 평균 투약일수는 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). 질환별로는 요도감염을 제외한 다른 질환들은 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 요도감염은 증가는 하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 의약분업 전후 급성호흡기질환자에 대한 평균 처방 약제 종류수는 4.9개에서 4.7개로 유의하게 감소하였고, 주사제 사용률은 63.8%에서 7.7%로 유의하게 감소하였으며, 항생제 사용률은 33.7%에서 19.1%로 유의하게 감소하였 다(p<0.01). 의약분업 전후 근골격계질환자에 대한 평균 처방약제 종류수는 3.7개에서 3.2개로 유의하게 감소하였으며, 주사제 사용률은 64.9%에서 1.7%로 유의하게 감소하였고, 고가 소염제 사용률은 29.1%에서 39.7%로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과 의약분업 후 내소환자의 평균 내소일수는 감소한 반면 평균 투약일수는 증가하였다. 의사의 처방형태의 변화로는 평균 약재 종류수는 감소하였고 주사제나 항생제 처방률은 급격히 감소하였으나, 고가 소염제의 처방률은 증가하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

Trichomonas vaginalis commonly causes vaginitis and perhaps cervicitis in women and urethritis in men and women. Macrophages are important immune cells in response to T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated whether human macrophages could be involved in inflammation induced by T. vaginalis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) were co-cultured with T. vaginalis. Live, opsonized-live trichomonads, and T. vaginalis Iysates increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 by HMDM. The involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway in cytokine production induced by T. vaginalis was confirmed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-${\kappa}B$. In addition, stimulation with live T. vaginalis induced marked augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) levels in HMDM. However, trichomonad-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in macrophages were significantly inhibited by inhibition of iNOS levels with L-NMMA (NO synthase inhibitor). Moreover, pretreatment with NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitors (PDTC or Bay11-7082) caused human macrophages to produce less TNF-${\alpha}$. These results suggest that T. vaginalis stimulates human macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$, and NO. In particular, we showed that T. vaginalis induced TNF-${\alpha}$ production in macrophages through NO-dependent activation of NF-${\kappa}B$, which might be closely involved in inflammation caused by T. vaginalis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.551-555
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• 2014

Trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic non-gonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. Despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including PCR, few prospective studies present data on male T. vaginalis infection in South Korea. In the present study, the prevalence of T. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary care urology clinic in South Korea. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in our cohort was 4% (8/201) by PCR. T. vaginalis infection was common in men older than 40 years (median age, 52 years). Among the 8 Trichomonas-positive patients, 87.5% (7/8) had prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 25.0% (2/8) and 12.5% (1/8) were coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively. Our results suggest that T. vaginalis infection is not rare in men attending primary care urology clinics in South Korea, especially in those older than 40 years, in whom it may explain the presence of prostatic disease. The possibility of T. vaginalis infection should be routinely considered in older male patients with prostatic diseases in South Korea.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.245-257
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• 2000

A clinical study was done 40 patients of chronic prostatitis who was treated in Dept. of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medicine Hospital, Taejon University, from 1 Mar. 1999 to 31 Oct. 1999. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of age, 30's and 40's were 57.5% the most, 20's and 60's were 35.0%, 50's was 7.5%. 2. In distribution of past history, the urethritis(45.0%) was the most. 3. In distribution of ocupation, a white-collar worker was 35.0%, a business man was 22.5%, a public servant was 12.5%, etc. 4. Sitting the mean time of day were distributed 5~7 hours, above 7 hours, 3~5 hours, under 3 hours, etc. 5. The resting interval of a long distance drive were distributed 2 hours(35.0%), 3 hours(32.5%), etc. 6. The habit of enduring ejaculation during sexual intercourse was showed 45.0%. 7. The habit of enduring urination was showed 20.0%. 8. Influency of mental stress was showed 90.0%. 9. Ten cases(25.0%) were showed riding horse or riding bicycle. 10. Four cases(10.0%) were showed wearing tight trousers. 11. The habit of put a wallet his hip pocket was showed 57.5%. 12. The most common symptom was distributed the others symp-tom(66.8%) and the voiding symptom(63.3%) more than pain-neuro-logical symptom(37.5%) and symptom related with sexual function (26.6%). 13. In distribution of palpation, lower abdominal pain, lumbar pain, perineal or parascrotal pain were mostly showed right side. Moreover diagnosis of pulsation was weakly showed chi pulse of right. 14. Duration of disease were distributed above 1 year(82.5%), under 1 year(17.5%). Degree of prostatitis was severe showed adove 1 year. 15. The distribution of WBC count of the prostatic secretion, com-paring with before therapy and after therapy, were showed from 5 cases to 0 case in very many/HPF, from 23 cases to 13 cases in many/HPF, from 12 cases to 13 cases in 10~30/HPF, from 0 case to 13 cases in under 10/HPF. 16. Therapeutic improvement of symptom were distributed pain-neurological symptom(94.8%), the others symptom(90.8%), the void-ing symptom(89.6%) and symptom related with sexual function(67.5%). 17. Differentiation of symptoms and signs were distributed dificiency of spleen-lung vital energy, wetness-heat of lower warmer, dificiency of spleen-kidney yang, dificiency of kidney yin, wetness-phlegm, dificiency of vital energy and blood. The prescriptions were Bojungikgitang(44.6%), Yukmijihwangtang(20.7%), Palmijihwangtang(12.0%), etc.