• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2010

It is well known that the drastic change of hydrological characteristics of an urbanized basin causes severe runoff, sediment yield, and peak flow. High vulnerability of urban flood disasters is caused by land-use change and development of a basin. A typical site suffering urbanization was selected and the experimental site has being operated last three years. Hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the urbanizing basin were examined by observation of runoff, sediment loads and precipitation with T/M. The effects of land-use change were analyzed by examination of the hydrological characteristics, such as run-off ratio (runoff volume/rainfall volume), sediment yields. Runoff coefficient of rational equation was increased as basin was urbanized. Suspended sediment yields due to a urban development activities were raised almost 10 times compare to undisturbed condition for small runoff less than 1 cms. Meanwhile, no big change could be detected for bed loads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.7 no.1 s.13
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to suggest the landscape potential index for visualizing landscape information in the conservation of hilly landscape in urban fringe. For the visual and quantitative approach to topological landscape assessment, numerical entity data of DEM(digital elevation model) were processed with CAD-based utilities that we developed and were mainly focused on analysis of visibility and visual sensitivity. Some results, with reference in assessing greenbelt area of Eodeung Mt. in Gwangju, proved to be considerable in the landscape assessment of suburban hilly landscapes. 1) Since the viewpoints and viewpoint fields were critical to landscape structure, randomized 194 points(spatially 500m interval) were applied to assessing the generalized visual sensitivity, we called. Because there were similar patterns of distribution comparing to those by 56 points and 18 Points given appropriately, it could be more efficient by a few viewpoints which located widely. 2) Regressional function was derived to represent the relationships between probabilities of visibility frequency and the topological factors(topological dominance, landform complexity and relational aspect) of target field. 3) Visibility scores of each viewpoint were be calculated by summing the visual sensitivity indices within a scene. The scores to the upper part including ridge line have been more representative to overall distributions of visual sensitivities. Also, with sum of deviations of sensitivity indices from each single point's specific index to the weighting values of view points could be estimated rotationally. 4) The deviational distributions of visual sensitivity classes in the topological unit of target field were proved to represent the visual vulnerability of the landform. 5) Landscape potential indices combined with the visual sensitivity and the DGN(degree of green naturality) were proposed as visualized landscape information distributed by topological unit.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2014

Analysis of the cause of death (Statistics Korea) showed that heat wave caused 442 deaths (21 per a year) from 1991 to 2011 in Korea. The number of summer heat-related deaths (heat disorders) increased exponentially as heat wave prolonged. In 1994 when the extreme heat wave prevailed, there were 92 heat-related deaths. Seasonally, heat-related deaths occurred most frequently in early August when air temperature is highest for a year, but it is frequent as well in late July when air temperature increases rapidly after withdrawal of Changma. The frequency of deaths by age has begun to increase from 40s and more than half of total deaths were occurred in the elderly (${\geq}60$). Except retired elderly, the most vulnerable group (job and age) was the elderly agricultural workers and the next was the jobless people in 40 s~50 s, assumed as homeless people. The most vulnerable regions were Hapcheon-gun, Uiryong-gun, and Sanchen-gun, which are inland rural area in Gyeongsang-do where the heat wave occurs most frequently in Korea. The heat-related death rate increased rapidly when air temperature exceeded $33^{\circ}C$ in both of the urban and rural area. Interestingly, the heat-related death were observed in the relatively lower temperature in the cities ($29^{\circ}C$), as compare to the rural area ($31^{\circ}C$).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.613-613
• /
• 2015

최근 전 지구적인 온난화로 인한 이상기후에 따라 강수량이 증가하고, 특정지역에만 국한되어 집중적으로 비가 내리는 국지성 집중호우의 발생 빈도가 증가하여 이로 인한 극한 홍수나 강우로 인한 산사태 등의 재해가 반복적으로 발생하고 있다. 홍수는 재산 및 인명에 이르기까지 막대한 피해를 야기한다는 점에서 이를 대비하기 위한 방안이 필수적이므로 국가적인 차원에서 홍수피해를 경감시키기 위한 여러 가지 구조적 또는 비구조적 대책들을 제시하고 있지만, 정확한 기상 변화의 예측이 어렵고 다양한 유발 원인들로부터 비롯된 홍수에 모두 대응할 수 있는 통합 대책 마련이 어려운 실정이다. 즉, 사전예방보다는 피해 복구에만 중점을 두고 있기 때문에 홍수 발생 유역의 지역적인 홍수피해 특성을 반영하지 못할 뿐만 아니라 어느 지역이 상대적으로 홍수피해의 위험성이 높은 지역인지도 파악하기 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 도시홍수피해 유형인 내수침수피해와 외수침수피해의 유형에 따라 사례들을 조사하고 관련문헌들로부터 도시 홍수 취약성 평가를 위한 대표적 인자들을 도출하였다. 도출된 인자들을 각각 IPCC의 취약성 평가 프레임에 따라 기후노출, 민감도 그리고 적응능력으로 구분하고 도시 상습침수지역인 도림천 유역을 시범 지역으로 하여 도시홍수 취약성 평가를 위한 지수를 개발하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통하여 향후 도시홍수피해의 잠재적 위험성이 높을 것으로 판단되는 유역에 대한 활용방안을 제시하고 유역의 특성 및 중요도에 따른 치수사업의 우선순위를 결정하는 등 유역의 특성을 반영한 구체적 적응정책의 방향성을 세우는데 기초자료로 제공될 수 있으며, 도시홍수로 인한 인명 및 재산의 피해를 최소화 하는 것에 목적이 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study explored the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on psychosocial stress in prime working-age individuals in Korea, focusing on gender inequalities. We hypothesized that the impact of COVID-19 on mental health would differ by age and gender, with younger women potentially demonstrating heightened vulnerability relative to men. Methods: The study involved data from the Korea Community Health Survey and included 319 592 adults aged 30 years to 49 years. We employed log-binomial regression analysis, controlling for variables including age, education, employment status, marital status, and the presence of children. The study period included 3 phases: the period prior to the COVID-19 outbreak (pre-COVID-19), the early pandemic, and the period following the introduction of vaccinations (post-vaccination). Results: The findings indicated that women were at a heightened risk of psychosocial stress during the early pandemic (relative risk [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.05) and post-vaccination period (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.10) compared to men. This pattern was prominent in urban women aged 30-34 years (pre-COVID-19: RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10; early pandemic: RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.25; post-vaccination period, RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.31). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted unequal impacts on psychosocial stress among prime working-age individuals in Korea, with women, particularly those in urban areas, experiencing a heightened risk. The findings highlight the importance of addressing gender-specific needs and implementing appropriate interventions to mitigate the psychosocial consequences of the pandemic.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.33 no.6_2
• /
• pp.1047-1060
• /
• 2017

In recent years, global warming has been continuing and abnormal weather phenomena are occurring frequently. Especially in the 21st century, the intensity and frequency of hydrological disasters are increasing due to the regional trend of water. Since the damage caused by disasters in urban areas is likely to be extreme, it is necessary to prepare a landslide susceptibility maps to predict and prepare the future damage. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the landslide vulnerability using the logistic model and assessed the management plan after the landslide through the field survey. The landslide area was extracted from aerial photographs and interpretation of the field survey data at the time of the landslides by local government. Landslide-related factors were extracted topographical maps generated from aerial photographs and forest map. Logistic regression (LR) model has been used to identify areas where landslides are likely to occur in geographic information systems (GIS). A landslide susceptibility map was constructed by applying a LR model to a spatial database constructed through a total of 13 factors affecting landslides. The validation accuracy of 77.79% was derived by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the logistic model. In addition, a field investigation was performed to validate how landslides were managed after the landslide. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for urban governments for policy recommendations on urban landslide management.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2012

This study analyzed the present status of services by fire-suppression mobilization time of fire station where is located in Jinju city, by using network analysis of GIS targeting fire station(five 119 safety centers, one 119 division) in Jinju city area. As a result, it was indicated to be 15.9% in the ratio with less than 5 minutes of mobilization time, 34.7% in the ratio with less than 8 minutes, 94% in the ratio with less than 20 minutes out of the whole fire service area in Jinju city. Even districts with more than 20 minutes were analyzed to reach 6%. Especially, to solve vulnerability to approach the fire service in uptown districts(Jinseong, Jisu, Sabong, Ilbanseong, the whole area of Ibanseong), the 119 division is installed more to be operated. However, accessibility is still remaining in low level. Also, in case of 119 safety center of Cheonjeon, the national industrial complex and the general industrial complex are being formed on a large scale. However, analyzing the fire service level in the corresponding area, the districts with more than 8 minutes and less than 20 minutes were existing broadly. In consequence of analyzing the fire service area in Jinju city with the fire-suppression mobilization time as the above, the fire service level is failing to escape largely from the status prior to the urban-rural consolidation compared to what the jurisdictional area was largely expanded by which the administrative districts were integrated by the urban-rural consolidation in locally small-and medium-sized city. Thus, there is a need of a measure for improving this.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.99-123
• /
• 2015

In this study, structural vulnerability of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames (RC-MRFs) by considering the Iran-specific characteristics is investigated to manage the earthquake risk in terms of multicomponent seismic excitations. Low and medium rise RC-MRFs, which constitute approximately 80-90% of the total buildings stock in Iran, are focused in this fragility-based assessment. The seismic design of 3-12 story RC-MRFs are carried out according to the Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings (Standard No. 2800), and the analytical models are formed accordingly in open source nonlinear platforms. Frame structures are categorized in three subclasses according to the specific characteristics of construction practice and the observed seismic performance after major earthquakes in Iran. Both far and near fields' ground motions have been considered in the fragility estimation. An optimal intensity measure (IM) called Sa, avg and beta probability distribution were used to obtain reliable fragility-based database for earthquake damage and loss estimation of RC buildings stock in urban areas of Iran. Nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses by means of lumped-parameter based structural models have been simulated and performed to extract the fragility curves. Approximate confidence bounds are developed to represent the epistemic uncertainties inherent in the fragility estimations. Consequently, it's shown that including vertical ground motion in the analysis is highly recommended for reliable seismic assessment of RC buildings.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : This study deals with the traffic accidents classified by the traffic analysis zone. The purpose is to develop the accident density models by using zonal traffic and socioeconomic data. METHODS : The traffic accident density models are developed through multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, three multiple linear models were developed. The dependent variable was traffic accident density, which is a measure of the relative distribution of traffic accidents. The independent variables were various traffic and socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSIONS : Three traffic accident density models were developed, and all models were statistically significant. Road length, trip production volume, intersections, van ratio, and number of vehicles per person in the transportation-based model were analyzed to be positive to the accident. Residential and commercial area ratio and transportation vulnerability ratio obtained using the socioeconomic-based model were found to affect the accident. The major arterial road ratio, trip production volume, intersection, van ratio, commercial ratio, and number of companies in the integrated model were also found to be related to the accident.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.449-462
• /
• 2014

Seismically induced structural damage, as well as any damage caused by a natural catastrophic event, covers a wide area. This suggests to supervise the event consequences by vision tools. This paper reports the evolution from the results obtained by the project RADATT (RApid Damage Assessment Telematics Tool) funded by the European Commission within FP4. The aim was to supply a rapid and reliable damage detector/estimator for an area where a catastrophic event had occurred. Here, a general open-source methodology for the detection and the estimation of the damage caused by natural catastrophes is developed. The suitable available hazard and vulnerability data and satellite pictures covering the area of interest represent the required bits of information for updated telematics tools able to manage it. As a result the global damage is detected by the simple use of open source software. A case-study to a highly dense agglomerate of buildings is discussed in order to provide the main details of the proposed methodology.