• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to apply the types of urban street pattern and the shape of streets to the master plan of a religious community complexes. The street pattern is a framework of urban structure and to understand the urban structure is helpful to understand the nature of urban streets. By analysing the precedent researches, the types of street patterns are classified as a serial pattern, a branching pattern, a grid pattern and a web pattern. The street patterns are hierarchically composed and classified as a differential development and sequential development. There are boundaries and gates where the street space is differentiated to the more private level. The urban streets continue to the architectural streets such as arcades, deck streets, corridors, lobbies and halls. The purposes and results of the master plan of this religious community complexes are as follows. 1) The school area, housing area and service area are properly separated and connected. They are separated by the building masses and connected by the street space in between. 2) The street pattern of this complexes is a serial pattern where the streets are the center of each functional building groups. The entry square is divided by the symbolic building. The one branch is school street and the other is living street. These streets are combined again to the festival street. 3) The architectural streets are organically related to the urban streets. 4) Each street spaces are of adequate form according to its properties as a place. 5) There are boundaries or gates such as a gab between buildings, posts, arches and deck streets according to the relationship between streets.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2007

In Korea, open spaces of urban housing do not serve residents as "regular living areas". We carried out research on the "streets" of urban housings in that the meaning of traditional "streets", playing roles which are not only means of passage but also boundary of life, cannot include present meaning of "streets" of the urban housing. This research is to propose the direction of planning Community Streets for the recovery of the public- and communal urban housing's streets, researching the present employment condition of Community Streets that were prepared recently. Working with 3 complexes which have been completed since 2000, We studied the present employment condition and planned signification, according to the conditions of their surroundings, the physical conditions of Community Streets, and the relationship among main apartment buildings, open spaces, and facilities. From this study, We came up with several suggestions that can present the planning line of Community Streets. Therefore this research is to create the Community Streets for the activity of the streets, the recovery of the community, and improvement of ambulatory environment.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2010

A city is a type of culture as living styles people have accumulated, In Particular, urban streets are integrated bodies of culture based on regional history and tradition which are easily accessible by people. However, due to insensible expansion policy of current cities, decline of old downtowns which have kept cultural characteristics of each region, hollowing out of the downtowns, expansion of new downtowns which have uniformed characteristics are weakening identities of each region. To overcome such problems, a culture-oriented approach as one of the urban regeneration strategies which have been appeared since 1980s is effective. Life style which has been formed by human activities can be considered as the culture of comprehensive concept and peculiar resources of each region are distinctive culture of each region. Cultural streets in which people can share each other's feeling may influence regional activation through cultural influence while preserving regional tradition and history. Therefore, this study aims to discover spatial characteristics of cultural streets through theoretical examinations on formation of streets in as aspect of urban regeneration and identify their characteristics by analyzed cases of domestic cultural streets.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2004

우리 나라의 도시화율은 2003년 현재 90%에 다다르고 있으며, 도로이용자의 요구사항은 나날이 다양해지고 있어, 도시부의 다양한 도로종류 및 기능별 설계기준을 제시하고, 이용자의 다양한 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 $\ulcorner$도시부 도로의 구조 시설기준$\lrcorner$ 작성이 시급한 현실이다. 이에 본 연구는 선진국의 사례와 국내의 여건을 고려한 $\ulcorner$도시부 도로의 구조 시설기준$\lrcorner$ 작성방향을 횡단면 설계를 중심으로 정립하고, 전문가 설문조사를 통하여 도시부 도로 설계지침의 필요성과 기본방향, 설계 요소 등에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 도시부 도로설계의 가장 중요한 요소인 횡단면(cross-section)을 중심으로 미국, 일본, 독일 등 도로분야 선진국들이 갖고 있는 기준을 국내의 설계기준과 비교 분석하여 우리나라 실정에 맞는 횡단면 설계기준의 기준안 작성에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 선진국의 경우, 기본적으로 다양한 횡단면 설계가 가능하도록 설계 지침서가 제공되고 있으며, 각 설계 요소별로 최소치, 중간치, 최대치 등을 제공하는 등 설계자가 도시특성에 맞게 도로를 설계할 수 있는 틀을 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 우리나라의 경우 도시부 도로설계시 준용되고 있는 법규 및 기준서는 다양한 도시부 도로의 설계에 적용하기에는 매우 부족하고 경직된 구조임이 파악되었다. 전문가 설문조사 결과, $\ulcorner$도시부 도로의 구조 시설기준$\lrcorner$은 각계 전문가 및 이용자의 다양한 욕구를 감안할 때 어떤 형식으로든 제정되어야 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 현재 사용되어지고 있는 '도로의 구조 시설기준에 관한 규칙' 및 그 해설집이 지역간 연결도로(지방부 도로)에 대한 최소치 기준만을 제시하고 있어 이용자의 다양성과 각 도시의 특성을 표현하는 수단으로 사용되기에는 매우 부족한 것으로 진단되기 때문이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

Recently, the importance of choosing correct pavement materials has been increasing in urban spaces and streets. Much research regarding the pavement theory and construction method have been conducted, but analysis in terms of human psychological character has not yet been performed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological characters to 12 pavement materials, that are commonly used in our urban spaces and streets. The results of the psychological character for each pavement material can be summarized as follows: 1. The psychological characters to each pavement material were as follows: ① Clay embodies a natural, traditional, soft and intimate psychological character; ② Pebble stone has a natural, hard, cool and intimate psychological character; ③ Turf grass incorporates an intimate and soft psychological character; ④ Ceramic brick has an artificial and hard psychological character; ⑤ Tile pavement has a modern, artificial, hard and cool psychological character; ⑥ Water permeable concrete has a modern and artificial psychological character; ⑦ Flag stone has a natural psychological character; ⑧ Granite has a modern and artificial psychological character; ⑨ Portland concrete has an artificial and hard psychological character; ⑩ Small compacted brick has an artificial, dynamic and modern psychological character; ⑪ Wood block pavement has a natural and traditional psychological character; ⑫ Asphalt concrete pavement has a modern, hard and artificial character. 2. On the results of the cluster analysis regarding psychological indexes for 12 pavement materials, pavement materials were categorized in 3 clusters. Among them, one cluster was mainly used as the most popular pavement material in our urban spaces and streets. From this point of view, psychological character for pavement material in our urban spaces and streets was not as various as we expected. 3. In conclusion, the proper selection of pavement materials was very important and the factors affecting the human psychological character should be considered in the design of urban spaces and streets.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2012

PURPOSES : This paper aims to improve the evaluation method of the Level of Service(LOS) for urban streets presented by the current Korean Highway Capacity Manual(KHCM) and suggest its utilization plan as a part of the methods to evaluate the sustainability of a transportation policy. METHODS : This paper carried out a research in 3 steps to develop a new evaluation method. First of all, this paper reviewed the previous studies related to the LOS of urban streets and the socially requested items for a sustainable transportation system. Then this paper derived an index and weight through expert questions to select an evaluation index. Lastly, this paper compared the results according to the existing evaluation methods with the new evaluation methods through case studies. This paper used an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) for importance analysis and weight selection between new evaluation items and indices, and applied a Grey System Theory(GST) for a synthetic and integrated evaluation between the selected evaluation indices. RESULTS : As a result of evaluating the LOS according to the existing evaluation methods and the integrated evaluation methods using a GST through case studies, it was analyzed that new methods' results are less than or equal to the existing evaluation methods; and as a result of applying a weight between evaluation indices according to AHP, it was noticed that the total score seems to rise more when the LOS in the existing evaluation is calculated lower. It was analyzed that the LOS calculated by reflecting the newly established evaluation items and the importance between indices in this study has difference from the LOS of the existing urban streets. CONCLUSIONS : It is expected that this evaluation method can diagnose the current conditions when establishing a future sustainable traffic system and can be used for the measurement of the sustainability effects of the improvement plans and so on.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And they function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural 'publicness' were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2013

This study starts from the genealogical analysis of the urban public spaces through local history of Seoul which is significantly different from western countries. The analysis targets the discourse on the urban street, the basic unit of urban tissue and the settlement condition in urban life, which defines urban space-structure among the urban public spaces. And this research classifies and categorizes the value recognition and policy value occurred each period. Based on these, this research defines the progress levels of urban public design policy in Seoul as follows. Results Firstly, 1890's and 1900's was the period of development in commerce and industry, which caused congested and crowded streets. The open port policy allowed the experience of the foreign circumstance, and thus the identity of the urban streets and the value of symbolism come to realize among the society. During the Japanese colonization, urban streets put on modernized images through the urban remodeling out of the context according to the colonization policy. The brand-new values such as publicness and amenity are injected as well as modern regulations by system and authority. From Liberation to 1950's, it performed only street restoration as a repair from war with Japanese colonial system because of the political confusion and administrative vacuum. Finally, each period can be defined as follows. 1890's and 1900's can be defined as 'spontaneous finding the modernization' because urban street was intentionally transformed by the empire. Period of the Japanese colonization can be defined as 'the formation of modernized urban street concept and the compulsion of modernized regulation.' And period of from Liberation to 1950's, can be called as 'the absence of value recognition and maintenance of colonial system.' methodology.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

도시 가로에서 보행자와 자동차는 공간 배분 관점에서 상호 경쟁 관계에 있다. 따라서 제한된 시설 한계 범위 내에서 두 이용자의 필요성을 절충할 수 있는 균형적 설계가 필요하다. 본 연구는 가로의 균형적 설계에 대한 실현 방안으로 가로의 계획 및 설계 단계에서 보행자와 자동차의 서비스수준을 동시에 평가하는 방안을 제안하였다. 특히 가로의 기능과 지역 토지이용 특성에 따라 가로의 설계에 있어 보행자와 자동차에 대한 고려 비중에 차이를 반영할 필요성이 있음을 강조하고, 이를 균형적 설계에 반영할 수 있는 방안을 검토하였다. 가로 계획 및 설계 단계에서 보행자 통행 수요가 고려되지 못하여 현 도로용량편람에 제시된 보행자 서비스수준을 이용한 평가가 어려운 현실적 한계를 감안하여, 보행자의 신체적 한계와 이에 따른 쾌적성을 토대로 가로 설계단계에서 활용 가능한 보행자 서비스수준 평가 방안을 제안하였다 아울러, 보도의 균형적 계획 및 설계방안에 대해 헌 설계 방법과의 차이를 설명하고 설계 예제를 토대로 구체적인 적용 방법을 검토하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2009

The traffic volume of Seoul is extremely high in comparison to other major cities in Korea, and the result has been harmful physical and mental exposure to pollution by Seoulites on a regular basis. The street air pollution is more important than the others, because the air pollution generated by street traffic directly impacts the health of nearby pedestrians. This problem requires urgent attention and resolution. Among the factors creating the air pollution originating from the street, is the configuration of streets, which have emerged as the most significant because it is related to air and pollutant dispersion. Therefore, this study was conducted under the assumption that street form affects the air quality. Study sites were classified by street characteristics, and air quality was analyzed in each class. Then the OSPM (Operational Street Pollution Model) was employed to simulate the relationship between street configuration and air quality of streets within the old city center and new city center in Seoul. After that this study analyzed the correlation between air pollution and the spatial configuration of urban streets (ex. street width, building height, building density, etc.) to determine their contributions to air pollution. The outcome of this study is as follows : First, the result that was derived from the correlation analysis between street configuration and air quality hewed that the air pollution of the street is influenced by the average height of building, width of the roads as well as traffic volume. On the roadside, the concentration level of $NO_2$ is mainly affected by the average height of building and the deviation of building height along the street and CO is affected by street width. The outcome of this study can be used as a basis for more sound urban design policies, and the promotion of desirable street environments for pedestrians.