• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6249-6254
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• 2015

Targeting breast cancer awareness along with comprehensive cancer care is appropriate in low and middle income countries like India, where there are no organized and affordable screening services. It is essential to identify the existing awareness about breast cancer in the community prior to launching an organized effort. This study assessed the existing awareness about breast cancer amongst women and their health seeking practices in an urban community in Mumbai, India. A postal survey was undertaken with low or no cost options for returning the completed questionnaires. The majority of the women were aware about cancer but awareness about symptoms and signs was poor. Women were willing to accept more information about cancer and those with higher awareness scores were more likely to seek medical help. They were also more likely to have undergone breast examination in the past and less likely to use alternative medicines. High income was associated with better awareness but this did not translate into better health seeking behaviour. Organized programmes giving detailed information about breast cancer and its symptoms are needed and women from all income categories need to be encouraged for positive change towards health seeking. Further detailed studies regarding barriers to health seeking in India are necessary.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2000

This study was carried out to compare the nutrients intakes, factors to influence on nutrient intake and frequency of food group intake between the two gruops of elderly living in Yangcheon, Seoul(n=105) and in Yongin(n=159). The results obtained by cross-sectional survey using questionnaires were as follows. 1) The average age of the subjects was 71.9 and there was no significant difference in age and gender distribution according to the residential areas. 2) The intakes of energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C were significantly higher in the urban elderly than those of the rural elderly(p<0.05).3) The average daily intakes of energy, protein, Ca and Fe of the subjects were lower than those of the Korean RDAs in general and the rural elderly showed more severe deficiencies. 4) Individual nutrient intakes and food group intakes were related to the pocket money, number of different foods taken daily, education level, residential area, and the degree of exercise. These results suggested the needs of nutrition intervention for the low-income, rural elderly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.162-178
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• 1992

This study evaluated the effectiveness of affected-based program in changing the nutrition attitudes and behavior of a group of low-income housewives in a urban area near industrial complex. using pre- post- and one month retention test measures of nutrition attitudes knowledge and nutrition behavior. The sample consisted of treatment group(n=58) and control group(n=68, 66 or 61) The treatment group participated in a four-week nutrition course of eight hours offered by faculty members of department of Food and Nutition in Han Nam University. At the conclusion of the program the respondents had improved nutrition attitudes increa-sed nutrition knowledge and improved dietary diversity and dietary quality scores. Nutrition attitude scores rose significnatly from the pretest to post-test for the treatment group only However this improvement was not maintained one month after education. Nutrition know-ledge score of the treatment group increased significnatly from the pretest to posttest and pretest to retention test. Nutrition behavior was measured by food practice dietary diversity and dietary quality scores, The mean food practice score dietary diversity and dietary quality scores were signifi-cantly increased from pretest to posttest for the treatment group. Only dietary diversity scores was maintained from posttest for the retention test for the treatment group. There was a good correlation between nutrition knowlege and attitude scores at the pretest. However no significant corrlation was found between nutrition knowledge and attitude scores at the posttest. At the pretest nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior were not correlated bu there were significant correations between nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior at the posttest. It was concluded that a four-week nutrition education program of eight hours duration for the target people can lead to ac hange in dietary behaviors as well as nutrition knowledge and attitude.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2024

This study investigates the variation in anxiety levels across income classes in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research is based on data from nationally representative surveys conducted in 2017 and 2021, and it employs a multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic model. The unique aspect of this investigation lies in its utilization of the Cantril ladder, a commonly employed tool in public opinion research, to gauge anxiety levels. Participants are prompted to assess their present life circumstances concerning their daily worries and anxieties. The empirical findings provide evidence that individuals in provinces with higher exposures to COVID-19 reported heightened anxiety levels. Furthermore, the results highlight a consistent association between higher household income and lower levels of anxiety. Notably, individuals from the highest income group experienced a substantial decline in anxiety levels during the pandemic. When examining specific income classes, the study reveals heightened anxiety among women in higher-income brackets and among lower-income households residing in urban areas. Furthermore, regarding macroeconomic circumstances, the results illustrate a positive correlation between economic prosperity and anxiety levels among members of low-income households. The study also uncovers a positive connection between income inequality and self-assessed anxiety within upper-middle and high-income brackets.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2008

Although the universal health insurance, National Health Insurance (NHI), have improved access to health care and financial burden of health care costs for Koreans, limited coverage of the NHI leads to high out-of-pocket payment for health care. This study examines financial burden of household health expenditures by income level. Data from the Urban Household Expenditure Survey from 1985 through 2005 is analyzed and household expenditure is used as a proxy measure for income. Health expenditures include spending for inpatient care, ambulatory care and pharmaceuticals. If a household spends health expenditure above 40% of household consumption except for foods, that is defined as catastrophic health expenditure. Access to health care for the lowest income group had been improved for two decades relative to other income groups as well as in absolute term. However, both financial burden of health expenditures and the proportion of households that experienced catastrophic health expenditure had been increased in the lowest income group. Study findings have several policy implications. First, in terms of financial burden of health expenditures. the differences among income groups decreased until 2000 but it was worsen in 2005. This suggests that recent policies for extending NHI coverage are not enough to improve the disparity by income level. Second, a differential catastrophic coverage by income level would be an effective strategy that relieves financial burden for low income group. Third, since the catastrophic coverage is applied to only covered services by the NHI, additional strategy for uncovered services should be considered.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.763-773
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of a drug misuse and abuse prevention program on knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviorsrelated to drug misuse and abuse, and depression in low-income elderly women in the urban area. Method: The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of 26 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group. The program was performed for about 1 hour, once a week for 5 weeks. Data was analyzed by the SAS(ver.8.02) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and ANCOVA. Result: There were statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors related to drug misuse and abuse, and depression between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that this prevention program of drug misuse and abuse is appropriate for low-income elderly women, Therefore this program is recommended as a nursing intervention strategy for the elderly.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.104-126
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• 1995

This study was carried out to assess the utilization of urban health center and its related factors among the urban residents. The survey was carried out for 2,394 households in Taegu and Kyongju by the structured questionnaire from 28 March to 4 April and from 2 July to 9 July, 1994. Well trained interviewers visited 2,630 households in Taegu and Kyongju, and interviewed with housewives. Of the target households, 91.0%(2,394 households) were responded through three-time visiting. The major results were summarized as follows : The fourth and fifth decad utilized the health center more frequently than any other age groups.. The lower income group showed higher rate of health center utilization than those in higher income group in Taegu City. The mean length of residence among residents of Kyongju City is longer than those of Taegu City, and the longer length of residence, the higher rate of the health center utilization. Those who are living together with neonate and infant or elderly people showed higher rate of health center utilization than those who are living without neonate and infant or elderly people in both Taegu and Kyongju. The most common reason for visiting the health center was 'low cost'. The major reasons for not visiting the health center were 'not regular customer', 'poor health center facility', and 'low quality of care'. Vaccination, communicable disease control, outpatient care, public hygiene, maternal and child health program were well recognized as health center activities. In logistic regression for the utilization of health center, the significant independent variables were length of residence and recognize the site of health center in both Taegu and Kyongju. The improvement of quality of health service, physical environment of health center and public relations on health center's activities shoulod be considered for reactivation and reingorcement of health center functions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7820-7830
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• 2015

우리나라 도시근로자의 가계소득과 외식비는 함께 증가하고 있으나, 시간이 경과와 더불어 가계소득에 비해 외식비 증가율이 크게 둔화되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 가계소득에서 외식비가 차지하는 비율도 감소하고 있다. 이러한 외식비 지출패턴의 변화는 소득계층에 따라서도 달라 외식비가 가계소득에서 차지하는 비중은 2005년 이후 감소하나 10분위의 외식비 비중이 가장 낮고 1분위의 비중이 가장 높다는 것과, 외식비 비중의 표준편차도 소득계층이 높을수록 작고 소득계층이 낮을수록 크다는 것을 보인다. 외식비모형에 회귀분석을 적용하여 소득계수가 모두 유의하며 소득분위가 높을수록 계수의 크기가 작다는 것과 외환위기는 1분위와 10분위를 제외하고 음의 부호로 유의하다는 것을 밝힌다. 1분위와 2분위에서는 계절에 따른 외식비 변화가 없으며, 소득계층이 높을수록 계절에 따른 외식이 분명해진다는 것도 제시한다. 시간이 흐름에 따른 외식비 패턴의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 전향적 이동회귀를 실시하여 단순 추정에 따른 것보다 훨씬 빠른 속도로 외식비의 소득탄력성 감소가 이루어지고 있다는 것을 밝힌다. 외식비를 분산분해하여 소득수준이 낮은 계층에서는 소득이 중요한 변수이나 소득수준이 높은 계층에서는 소득 이외의 요인들이 외식비에 많은 영향을 미친다는 것을 보인다.

• 지역연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

도시의 개발과 고밀화는 도시공간의 기온이 주변지역보다 높아지는 도시열섬(Urban Heat Island)현상의 원인이 되고 있으며, 도시열섬현상은 기후변화와 함께 그 강도가 증가하고 있다. 이와 더불어 여름철 도시의 대기온도가 상승할 때 소득이 낮은 계층, 고령인구, 건강에 문제가 있는 사회적 취약계층은 높아진 열환경에 대처할 수 있는 능력이 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 서울시의 열섬지역을 공간통계 기법인 Hotspot 분석을 통해 도출하고, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용하여 열섬지역의 물리적 환경과 인구 및 사회경제적 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 서울시 423개 행정동을 대상으로 동별 평균 대기온도를 이용하여 도시열섬 Hotspot 분석을 실행한 결과, 서울시 중구, 종로구, 용산구, 영등포구에서 도시열섬 지역이 집중적으로 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 열섬지역의 물리적 환경 특성을 분석한 결과, 주거시설 연면적 비율, 상업시설 연면적 비율, 용적률, 불투수면 비율, 정규화식생지수(NDVI)가 열섬지역에 영향을 미치는 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 또한, 열섬지역의 인구 및 사회·경제적 특성을 고려한 열환경 취약지역을 분석한 결과, 기초생활수급자 비율, 독거노인 비율, 기초생활수급을 받는 독거노인 비율 등이 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시열섬현상에 영향을 미치는 물리적 환경변수를 도출하고 사회적 취약계층의 공간적 분포와 도시열섬지역이 중첩되어 있는 지역을 판별함으로써 향후 취약계층을 고려한 도시 열환경 설계와 정책 개발에 있어 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.145-162
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between Wives' marital satisfaction and Divorce attitude as a basis building in marital stability . A measurement tools used for this study are marital satisfaction scale, which was adapted and reproducted from Dyadic Adjustment Scale(DAS) developed by Spanier and Divorce attitude Scale, which was developed by researcher refer to preceding study connected with a cause of divorce. The subjects were 354 married women dwelling in Seoul. Statistical methods such as frequency, percentile. mean , standard deviation, one way ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation were used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows; 1) there is the tendency to high marital satisfaction group rather more than low marital satisfaction group and to permissional attitude group rather more than negative attitude group about divorce attitude. 2) There was difference in marital satisfaction by number of children, wives's educational level, parents marriage happiness. While, there was no difference in marital satisfaction by length of marriage, family income, wives employments status, marriage pattern. 3) There was partially difference in wives' attitude toward divorce by wives educational level, family income. Both there was no difference in wives attitude toward divorce by the other factors. 4) wives' attitude toward divorce correlates with marital satisfaction. The correlation coefficients is 283 significantly of .001 level. The more satisfaction wife feels about her own matrimony. the more negative a attitude she has toward divorce. This menas that attitude toward divorce depends upon their matrimony. 5) The four type of marital stability are as follows; high marital stability type, high subjective unstability type, high objective unstability type, high marital unstability type.