• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.38
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• pp.182-191
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• 2003

Until now, the carriage's design has been performed by built-carriage engineers in urban railway company without the notion of railway design. Furthermore, there is no prominent change the shape of exterior and interior design between the 1970's trains and the latest one. In terms of the notion of interior space, there are a lot of differences between Oriental and Western, also region of each countries. Especially, Among Orientals, Korean is not good at utilizing the small space and react effectively as compared to Japanese. Therefore, the interior space of public transportation needs to be relatively developed to highly reasonable level in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to apply vernacular design elements for developing interior design in Korean lightrail, which is the next generation public transportation. In order to develope ideal interior design, the interior layout in carriage considers the emotional aspect as well as functional one. Also, the research of vernacular design in urban train can provide national character and traditional design and can make a success in a practical use and a visual effect. This study focused on the application of vernacular design elements for developing the design-processed model will be proposed the outline of interior layout and the shape of interior trims in the public transportation in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.73-82
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• 2023

Optimization of Construction Site Layout Planning (CSLP) heavily relies on workers' travel paths. However, traditional path generation approaches predominantly focus on the shortest path, often neglecting critical variables such as individual wayfinding tendencies, the spatial arrangement of site objects, and potential hazards. These oversights can lead to compromised path simulations, resulting in less reliable site layout plans. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been proposed as a potential alternative to address these issues, it has shown limitations. Despite presenting more realistic travel paths by considering these variables, DRL often struggles with efficiency in complex environments, leading to extended learning times and potential failures. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces a refined model that enhances spatial navigation capabilities and learning performance by integrating workers' visibility into the reward functions. The proposed model demonstrated a 12.47% increase in the pathfinding success rate and notable improvements in the other two performance measures compared to the existing DRL framework. The adoption of this model could greatly enhance the reliability of the results, ultimately improving site operational efficiency and safety management such as by reducing site congestion and accidents. Future research could expand this study by simulating travel paths in dynamic, multi-agent environments that represent different stages of construction.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1085-1092
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• 2022

Travel distance is a parameter mainly used in the objective function of Construction Site Layout Planning (CSLP) automation models. To obtain travel distance, common approaches, such as linear distance, shortest-distance algorithm, visibility graph, and access road path, concentrate only on identifying the shortest path. However, humans do not necessarily follow one shortest path but can choose a safer and more comfortable path according to their situation within a reasonable range. Thus, paths generated by these approaches may be different from the actual paths of the workers, which may cause a decrease in the reliability of the optimized construction site layout. To solve this problem, this paper adopts reinforcement learning (RL) inspired by various concepts of cognitive science and behavioral psychology to generate a realistic path that mimics the decision-making and behavioral processes of wayfinding of workers on the construction site. To do so, in this paper, the collection of human wayfinding tendencies and the characteristics of the walking environment of construction sites are investigated and the importance of taking these into account in simulating the actual path of workers is emphasized. Furthermore, a simulation developed by mapping the identified tendencies to the reward design shows that the RL agent behaves like a real construction worker. Based on the research findings, some opportunities and challenges were proposed. This study contributes to simulating the potential path of workers based on deep RL, which can be utilized to calculate the travel distance of CSLP automation models, contributing to providing more reliable solutions.

• Architectural research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2021

Early in the communist era, many cities in modern China experienced a special period of passive industrialization during which the construction of urban spaces laid the spatial urban foundation. During this period, the city construction was carried out rapidly under the administrative intervention of the government. The passive industrialization caused by taking economic construction as the center made the city construction deviate from the correct track and resulted in a variety of problems. Focusing on ecological space change, this paper selects Zhengzhou as an example of many similar cities in China, and analyzes the impact of passive industrialization on urban ecological spaces from the perspectives of city scale, city layout and city construction management system. The analysis results reveal that the construction of urban ecological space under the influence of passive industrialization induced a lagging characteristic, led to insufficient integrity of urban ecological space, and placed great pressure on the urban environment. Finally, the paper puts forward some methods to optimize the urban ecological space.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2039-2049
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• 2024

The radioactive pollutant could migrate to the downstream urban area under the action of atmospheric dispersion due to the turbulent mixing under actual pollution accidents. A scenario in which radioactive contaminants from the upstream (for example, a nearshore nuclear power plant accident) migrates to the downstream urban blocks have been considered in this study. Numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are then conducted to investigate the effects of the urban morphology (building packing density and layout) on the atmospheric dispersion of radioactive pollutants in this scenario. The building packing density and structure can significantly affect urban areas' mean flow pattern and the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The flow pattern and the TKE distribution influence the radioactive pollution dispersion. It is found that the radioactive pollution at the urban canyons is significantly affected by the vertical transport at the canyon. A comparison of the distributions of radioactive and traditional non-radioactive pollutants is also provided.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

The uniformity of lighting distribution on the roadway is essential factor for drivers and pedestrians's safety during nighttime in urban streets. Also, the importance of roadside trees is one of the growing concern for better citizens' health and mitigating environmental impact on the urban street. But roadway lightings and roadside trees have different design or planting standards and they are not integrated in the systemic viewpoint for better safety of users during nighttime. The purpose of this study is to propose a simulation approach which assesses lighting quality in the view of illumination uniformity distribution of roadway lighting from design step and consider the layout of roadside trees. For improving lighting quality of roadway, simulation approach is needed for assessing the impact of diverse planting situation of trees and encouraged from beginning of design step for roadway construction.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2018

Due to the strong relationship between Baekje, one of the ancient Korean Kingdom and Japan through the same religion, Buddhism, it is possible to find many similarities in remains, such as temples, and pagodas, and in many relics, in both cities. However, from the point view of urban planning, Buyeo, originally designed as the fortress city, has a different city planning strategies from that of Kyoto which is a straight-lined city. After Buyeo was destroyed by Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms in Korea, it got deemphasized in Korean history. Later, Buyeo's recent city planning was directly affected and implanted in Japanese Imperialism period (1910-1945) one which emphasizes the layout of Japanese temple which serves as the center of the ceremonies for their ancestors. Thus, it is possible to find cultural interrelation in urban planning between two cities throughout the history of Korea and Japan.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2015

As the aging society is globally increasing, the guide for the aged-friendly city is suggested by WHO and many cities are preparing to meet with it. The base of this guide for an age-friendly city is an active aging. This study examined how degree the neighborhood environment is age-friendly from older persons' standpoints. The data were collected through the interview with old persons who aged more than 65 years, 117 persons in an urban area and 110 ones in a rural area. The age-friendly degree of neighborhood environment was examined from two aspects. One is how close 12 neighborhood facilities were from the elderly's houses. Another one is how degree the elderly were considered in 4 areas: pedestrian road, traffic, the amount of housing for the elderly, and space layouts of their houses. Findings were as follows. First, the elderly related neighborhood facilities in urban area were closer located to old persons' houses than in rural area, except the senior center. Second, in case of the age-friendly degree of their neighborhood environments, the space layout of house was the highest, and then traffic, pedestrian road, and the amount of housing for the elderly, in order. The consideration degree of wheelchair users was the lowest. Third, the age-friendly degree of pedestrian road, traffic, and room layout of house in rural area were higher than in urban area. However, the amount of housing for the elderly in urban area was higher than in rural area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.74-83
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• 2008

As urban residents' standard of living has recently risen, efforts to improve urban landscapes have increased. It is very important to manage streetscapes to improve the urban landscape because they are one of the essential elements in city construction and urban landscaping. This study focuses on the indicators that manage streetscapes more accurately and realistically. To achieve this purpose, this study used dynamic simulations considering shape and layout of buildings, the primary factors in streetscapes. This study can be summarized as follows: 1. Two indicators to manage streetscape were investigated in previous studies: one to increase visual openness and the other to reduce visual overstimulation. These indicators had high correlation with scenic beauty. Therefore, increasing openness and reducing overstimulation are essential to improve streetscapes. 2. Two household tower type buildings should be arranged along roadsides to increase openness and scenic beauty. However, low tower buildings with two household are not suitable along roadsides because they create monotony and intervals are needed between buildings. 3. To increase openness, the angled arrangement of buildings is suggested $75^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}(105^{\circ}{\sim}135^{\circ})$ for low buildings, $30^{\circ}{\sim}45^{\circ}(135^{\circ}{\sim}150^{\circ})$ for mid-sized buildings, and $75^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}(105^{\circ}{\sim}135^{\circ})$ for high buildings. 4. To reduce overstimulation, the height and setback control regulations should be at an angle of less than $45^{\circ}$. This study suggests more accurate management guidelines by organizing the indicators that could effectively manage streetscapes and by overcoming limitations of reality shown in a static simulation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-168
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• 2022

Torsion is one of the most important causes of building collapse during earthquakes. Sometimes, despite the symmetric form of the building, infill walls disturb the symmetry of the lateral resisting system. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of urban layout on developing torsion caused by infill walls. For this purpose, a typological study was conducted based on the conditions of perimeter walls on 364 buildings and then 9 cases were selected. The dimensions of the selected buildings are constant and the conditions of the perimeter walls including facades with openings and cantilevered facades are variable. The selected buildings with 60 different layouts of infill walls were analyzed and the behavior of each one was evaluated based on the torsional irregularity criteria of seismic codes. The results of the analyses showed that if the perimeter walls of a building are symmetric, asymmetric interior walls will not be important in developing torsion and effective parameters in symmetry of the perimeter infill walls are the number of walls, area of openings, aspect ratio, and construction details. Finally, architectural solutions to mitigate the torsional effects of infill walls were proposed for buildings with solid infill walls on some sides, for buildings where the perimeter walls of one side are on the cantilevered part, and for buildings where the perimeter walls of two adjacent sides are on the cantilevered part. In three-sided buildings, where two adjacent façades are cantilevered, it is often impossible to use the potential of the infill walls.