• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 1995

An Ecocomplex is proposed for ecological design of the estuarine environment of Han River, which is designed upon an alternative mamagement concept of estuarine environment. The concept reveals interrelationships among estuary, delta region and urban inland with inputs/outputs and feedbacks among them. The Ecocomplex emphasizes an integration of wastewater treatment with aquaculture, agriculture and recreation, and carries out ecological treatment, recycling, and harvest processes. A module of wastewater treatment pond system is employed in the Ecocomplex, which treats a flow of 3,786 ㎥/day and is composed of a four-facultative-pond series. Treatment ponds stabilize wastewater discharged from the urban area, and concurrently produce algae for commercial or recreational fish farming. Effluent from treatment and fish ponds is reused for agricultural production. Through the waste-algae-fish-vegetable-recreation processes, wastewater from the urban settlement is recycled back to the urban ecosystem. This resource-conserving design approach can maintain a sustainable urban ecosystem, managing an estuarine environment more naturally, healthly, and economically.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted as part of research to promote garden diversity and seek sustainable garden management plans, as well as to determine the trends in understanding and use of companion plants as an eco-friendly farming method and provide the results as the basic data for sustainable urban agriculture. Methods: To determine the trends in garden activities, eco-friendly pest control, and use of companion plants, a survey was conducted on 230 urban residents participating in the Urban Agriculture Expert course. 223 copies of the questionnaire were collected excluding missing values, and IBM SPSS statistics Ver. 25 Program was used for frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. Results: Most of the respondents were female (71.3%), homemakers (26.5%), were in their 50s (29.1%), and had 2 members in the family (27.8%). 164 respondents (73.5%) had experience in gardening, most of them once a week (31.7%) and for self-consumption (55.5%). Both men and women raised crops for safe food production (32.3%), and they most preferred the city garden type (39.9%). For the preparation of nourishment for eco-friendly garden management, most respondents (60.1%) purchased fertilizers from the market. For the reason why eco-friendly pest control is necessary, all respondents except 4 of them (98.2%) responded that it is necessary 'because it affects my health as I eat it (73.5%)', indicating that they still had a high level of interest in health. Only 43.9% of the respondents said that they had heard of companion plants, 89.2% responded that companion plants were effective in eco-friendly management, and 87.4% showed the will to participate in gardening using companion plants in the future. Finally, the regression analysis confirmed that the awareness of companion plants and satisfaction with gardening activities are key variables that increase the intention to participate in gardening activities in the future. Conclusion: Since plants require special care depending on the period and various diseases and insect pests occur, there must be continuous research on companion plants as an eco-friendly farming method. Moreover, by actively using companion plants in urban gardens with the utility value in not only eco-friendly pest control but also in helping plant growth, urban agriculture is expected to be continuously activated and promoted by increasing satisfaction in gardening activities with aesthetic landscaping and pest control.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.1 s.30
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to identify the different farming styles of red pepper growers, to describe their characteristics and to get some implications far planning the agricultural development strategy in the area. The researcher surveyed quantitative and qualitative data through interview with researcher developed questionnaires from selected 99 farmers in Eumsung county, Chungbuk province, Korea. The researcher found the low types of red pepper farming: 'red-pepper-centric middle farmers', 'diversified larger farmers', 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers', and 'small farmers for own use'. Based on the above findings, the researcher could derive some implications as follows. Firstly, the difference of market strategy and marketing efforts among the four farming styles should be regarded as important considerations when planning the agricultural development strategy in Emsung county. Secondly, the cooperatives' red pepper marketing strategies in Eumsung county were focused on the processed red pepper products sold at middle or low priced by big retailers in urban areas. Therefore, the cooperatives should change their view point of quality, if they want to initiate the planning process of 'the production and marketing high quality red pepper'. Thirdly, the major efforts of Eumsung county Agricultural Technology Center (ATC) made efforts on increasing the productivity of red pepper farming, however, the technologies recommended by the ATC for farmers required more cost and labour especially for 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers' and 'diversified large farmers'. The ATC should make efforts to find new technologies for helping 'red-pepper-dependant small farmers' to reduce the use of pesticides and 'diversified large farmers' to use the regional images effectively for marketing their hish quality red peppers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.321-331
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• 1993

This survey was conducted to investigate Farmers' Syndrome and its related factors in Chonnam province. 5,920 (men 6,148, women 6,722) persons in urban area and 12,870 (men 6148, women 6,722) persons in rural area were selected in stratified cluster sampling manner, and interviewed individually with structured questionnaire in April, 1992. The results were summarized as follows : 1 In rural area of Chonnam province, the prevalence of Farmers' syndrome positive was 283 per 1,000 persons (203 in male, 355 in female). In urban area of Chonnam province, control area, the prevalence of Farmers' syndrome positive was 113 (72 in male, 145 in female). The prevalence of Farmers' syndrome positive in rural area was 2.5 times higher than that of urban area, and the prevalence in female was 1.7 times higher than that of male. The prevalence in total respondents was 256. 2. In rural area of Chonnam province, the age standardized prevalence of Farmers' syndrome positive was 209 per 1,000 persons (140 in male, 267 in female). In urban area of Chonnam province, control area, the age standardized prevalence of Farmers' syndrome positive was 122(79 in male, 158 in female). The age standardized prevalence in total respondents was 194. 3. The associated factors with Farmers' syndrome in univariate analysis were having illness during recent 15 days, age, sex, occupation, area, monthly income, education, medical security status, family size and duration of farming. 4. When applying multiple logistic regression for Farmers' syndrome, the significant variables were having illness during recent 15 days, area, sex, age, education, medical security status, family size and duration of farming.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.955-964
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• 2023

This study was conducted to obtain basic data on efficient and eco-friendly crop cultivation for urban residents who enjoy urban agriculture as a hobby or leisure activity. We planted strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)(S) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis)(K) in different ratios to analyze the differences in soil environment, growth, physiology, and productivity, and to investigate the effects. Strawberry growth was optimal with S1K2 ratio, whereas the S1K1 ratio treatment showed the highest levels of physiology and productivity. In terms of growth and physiology, kidney beans tended to perform best in S1K2 treatment. The average number of productive pods was two, with a highest average value of 2.3 being recorded in S2K1 treatment planted with a high percentage of strawberries. In terms of growth, physiology, and prodctivity our findings indicate that it would be desirable to plant starwberries and kidney bean in a 1:1 ratio. However, considering the environmental characteristics of walls and rooftops, it is necessary to effectively manage crops suitable for these conditions. Furthermore, additional studies should be conducted to analyze the quality of fruits and seeds producted, both qualitatively and quantitatively in the future.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2004

Farm economy is getting worse because of the free trade trends in agriculture sector and unreasonable application of market economy principles to agricultural products. And The worldwide issues of environmental pollution as well as want of food, water and energy make human future be anxious. In addition, consumers raise questions in argument about safety of foods produced by traditional farming or imported. So I propose the urban-rural living community movement(URLCM) as an alternative plan for sustainable domestic agriculture. URLCM based on environmentally friendly agriculture and community consciousness will be able to solve many of present issues on agriculture and rural society through incessant interchanges between urban and rural community. This URLCM has to be basically founded on principles of symbiosis-coexistence and life circulation. So those that have to be driven forward arc organizing producers and consumer cooperatives, making environmentally friendly rural region and products, combining with consumer cooperatives, training the participants and so forth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.633-641
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• 1999

Reaction by neighbours to odours is increasingly affecting operations of existing animal farming operations and may adversely constrain the further development of the animal production industry in some parts of Australia. It is critical that the scale of such odour impact on the rural-urban interface be estimated to provide useful information both for environmental protection and animal farming operations. Furthermore, the information can be used to modify odour reduction strategies as economic conditions change. The Centre for Water and Waste Technology at The University of New South Wales has developed a comprehensive set of odour control techniques in the course of its research and development effort over the past eight years. Techniques have been developed for odour sampling at point, area and volume sources, monitoring environmental parameters such as ventilation rate, shed temperature, shed humidity, litter water content and ambient meteorological condition, olfactometry and odour dispersion modelling. The work has paved the way for the establishment of odour reduction strategies based on best environmental management practice and advanced odour abatement technologies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.2 s.31
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

Recently, due to the growing concern of the public in rural amenities and hobby farming works, much more urbanites, especially near-retirees, have been interested in rural life style than before. However, in spite of popular preference to ruralities, little has been known about their demand on retired rural life. Therefore, this study examined urbanites' attitude to preparatory works for out-migration, preferred residential site conditions and life style in the countryside. For this purpose, data were collected from a survey with the sample of 386 urban residents aged 40 to 65 rho hoped moving into the countryside after retirement, through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistical works were performed using SPSS/PC windows program. The major findings of this study were as follows; (1) Host of urbanites, who answered in this study, planned to prepare ex-urban movement in their fifties and to put into practice in their sixties. (2) Key factors of location decision on movement were proximity/accessibility to centre city, medical service level, and distance to their family or friends. And about a half of respondents wanted second home in the countryside. (3) Most favoured rural life styles were nature-friendly well-being and hobby/healthy firming. Generally, the respondents of this survey had the positive attitude to do works in their later life, especially preferred to farming and volunteering in their communities.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.181-196
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• 1996

This study examined the time allocation pattern of farm wives. In particular it addressed i)the differences in extent of time spent in farming housework child care and leisure between on-farm and off-farm seasons ii)differences in the extent of time spent in such activities among farm wives and urban wives and iii) the determinants of time spent in such activities. To achieve these goals a system of time allocation equations based on household production theory was employed. On hundred and eight farm wives wiere selected in 1993 by the methods of judgement sampling and cluster sampling. Two major questions in the survey elicited sociodemographic information and time-use of farm wives using the time-diary method, The results indicate that farm wives different decisions about how to allocate their time to farming housework child care leisure during on-farm and off-farm seasons. In addition it was that farm wives are more likely to have dual responsibilities than are urban wives. Finally in the off-farm season education number of younger children and region were significant variables in explaining the time allocation decisions of farm wives. However only age was a significant factor in their time allocation decisions during the on-farm season. This leads one to conclude that time allocation is not a choice for farm wives in the on-farm season.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.9
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• pp.67-75
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• 1974

The vegetation activity of the Korean peninsula has been monitored temporal variations through a satellite remote sensing and the vegetation index was used to set up the vegetation data map of Korea. The AVHRR data sent by the NOAA-14 satellite was collected for 8 months between April and November, 1997 to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) which was combined the MVC(Maximum Value Composite). Then this NDVI composite map was prepared to review the temporal variations in the vegetation activity. The NDVI has been subject to the unsupervised classification for the growing season between May and October. And the vegetation type is divided into five classes ; urban, bare soil, grass, farming land, deciduous forest and coniferous forest. The unsupervised classificaion of vegetation distribution in the Korean Peninsula shows that the urban and bare soil take 4.14% of total national area, grass 4.49%, farming land 27.54%, deciduous forest 25.61% and coniferous forest 38.22%.