• 생태와환경
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.320-329
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• 2022

Urban areas in watersheds increase the impervious surface, and agricultural areas deteriorate the water quality of rivers due to the use of fertilizers. As such, anthropogenic land use affects the type, intensity and quantity of land use and is closely related to the amount of substances and nutrients discharged to nearby streams. Riparian vegetation reduce the concentration of pollutants entering the watershed and mitigate the negative impacts of land use on rivers. This study analyzes the data through correlation analysis and regression analysis through point data measured twice a year in spring and autumn in 21 selected damaged tributary rivers within the Han River area, and then uses a structural equation model to determine the area land use. In the negative impact on water quality, the mitigation effect of riparian vegetation was estimated. As a result of the correlation analysis, the correlation between the agricultural area and water quality was stronger than that of the urban area, and the area ratio of riparian vegetation showed a negative correlation with water quality. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that agricultural areas had a negative effect on water quality in all models, but the results were not statistically significant in the case of urban areas. As a result of the model estimated through the structural equation, BOD, COD, TN, and TP showed a mitigation effect due to the accumulation effect of river water quality through riparian vegetation in agricultural areas, but the effect of riparian vegetation through riparian vegetation was found in urban areas. There was no These results were interpreted as having a fairly low distribution rate in urban areas, and in the case of the study area, there was no impact due to riparian forests due to the form of scattered and distributed settlements rather than high-density urbanized areas. The results of this study were judged to be unreasonable to generalize by analyzing the rivers where most of the agricultural areas are distributed, and a follow-up to establish a structural equation model by expanding the watershed variables in urban areas and encompassing the variables of various factors affecting water quality research is required.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2015

This research selected Daegu Metropolitan City representing a combination of natural space and urban space for this case study. To achieve this, a prerequisite was to set up an optimal block size to evaluate landscape diversity of the research site by using a RPR-Area Curve. Further, landscape diversity evaluation was conducted based on land cover map by using FRAGSTATS to analyze spatio-temporal changes. Notably, this research regarded it as the most significant to set forth criteria in order to apply landscape diversity to the development plans of the newtown and outskirt of a city under high pressure development. Results derived from this research are summarized as follows. According to the results derived from establishing the optimal block size, a size about $2km^2$ was analyzed to measure landscape diversity of the research site. Also, according to the results derived from land diversity evaluation based on land cover map, land diversity was highly measured around urban stream such as Nakdong River and Geumho River, and in particular, the value of landscape diversity was measured considerably high around the urban parks. Results derived from analysis on spatio-temporal changes of land diversity demonstrated that a certain level of urban development exerted a positive effect on an increase in land diversity, but consistent urban development lowered a value of landscape diversity. Results derived from regression analysis to set forth the optimal urban space showed that an urban area of a space about $2km^2$ exerted a positive effect at a rate of about 0~43.3% and a negative effect at a rate about 43.3~100%. In conclusion, the results of this research are considered to provide important basic data for future urban and landscape planning. Nonetheless, as only the layout on the 2D plane was analyzed in this research, further research in future is required to complexly consider diverse factors such as height of structure and change in visible real area arising from geographical features.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

본 연구는 '도시공원의 공급인자가 도시공원의 이용 만족도에 미치는 영향은 무엇인가?'에 관한 연구의문에 해답을 제공하기 위하여 도시공원의 공급인자인 매력물, 서비스, 접근성, 정보, 촉진이 도시공원의 이용 만족도에 미치는 영향을 평가함을 연구목적으로 한다. 도시공원의 공급인자에 관한 이론적 고찰을 토대로 외부적 공급인자와 내부적 공급인자가 이용 만족도에 미치는 영향을 하나의 인과모형으로 구성한 개념적 틀을 구성하여 가설을 도출하였다. 연구가설의 실증적 검정을 위한 자료는 8개의 도시공원을 대상으로 할당추출방법을 사용하여 선정된 452명의 공원 이용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 수집하였다. 불성실한 응답과 이상치를 제외한 356매가 분석에 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 LISREL for Windows 8.72(Scientific Software International, Inc., 2006)와 SAS Ver. 9.1(SAS Institute Inc., 2002)을 이용하여 경로분석을 수행하였다. 도시공원의 공급인자의 평가 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 외부적 공급인자인 접근성이 이용 만족도에 미치는 직접효과와 간접효과는 각각 0.184, 0.220으로 나타났다. 정보와 촉진이 이용 만족도에 미치는 직접효과는 없으나 간접효과는 각각 0.101, 0.177로 나타났다. 2) 내부적 공급인자인 서비스의 직접효과와 간접효과는 각각 0.130, 0.236인 반면 매력물의 직접효과는 0.698로 나타났다. 3) 도시공원 이용 만족도에 미치는 접근성, 서비스, 매력물의 직접효과의 크기는 각각 0.184, 0.130, 0.698로 57.96%를 구성하는 반면, 접근성, 정보, 촉진, 서비스의 간접효과의 크기는 각각 0.220, 0.101, 0.177, 0.236으로 42.04%이다. 4) 도시공원의 공급인자들이 도시공원의 이용 만족도(100.00%)에 미치는 인과효과의 크기는 매력물(39.98%), 접근성(23.14%), 서비스(20.96%), 촉진(10.14%), 정보(5.78%)의 순이다. 5) 도시공원의 외부적 공급인자인 접근성, 정보, 촉진의 효과는 39.06%인 반면, 내부적 공급인자인 서비스, 매력물의 효과는 69.94%로 나타났다. 연구를 통해 도시공원의 마케팅전략 수립과 기존의 조성된 도시공원 개량 방안을 마련하는데 유용한 지식을 얻었다. 특히, 이 연구에 적용된 방법론은 여타의 여가활동 장소의 계획과 설계에 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 장차 더 많은 측정변수들을 도입하여 도시공원의 공급에 관한 구조방정식 모형의 정립과 도시공원의 종류별 공급인자 에 대한 평가가 요구된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2015

In this study, the regional climate (WRF) and air quality (CMAQ) models were used to simulate the effects of future urban growth on surface ozone concentrations in the Seoul metropolitan region (SMR). These analyses were performed based on changes in ozone concentrations during ozone seasons (May-June) for the year 2050 (future) relative to 2012 (present) by urban growth. The results were compared with the impacts of RCP scenarios on ozone concentrations in the SMR. The fractions of urban in the SMR (25.8 %) for the 2050 were much higher than those (13.9 %) for the 2012 and the future emissions (e.g., CO, NO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, VOC) were increased from 121 % (NO) to 161.3 % ($NO_2$) depending on emission material. The mean and daily maximum 1-h ozone in the SMR increased about 3 - 7 ppb by the effect the RCP scenarios. However, the effect of urban growth reduced the mean ozone by 3 ppb in the SMR and increased the daily maximum 1-h ozone by 2 - 5 ppb over the northeastern SMR and around the coastline. In particular, the ozone pollution days exceeding the 1-h regulatory standard (100 ppb) were far more affected by urban growth than mean values. As a result, the average number of days exceeding the 1-h regulatory standard increased up to 10 times.

• 대기
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

The characteristics of flow and pollutant dispersion for fire scenarios in an urban area are numerically investigated. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled to a mesoscale weather research and forecasting (WRF) model is used in this study. In order to more accurately represent the effect of topography and buildings, the geographic information system (GIS) data is used as an input data of the CFD model. Considering prevailing wind, firing time, and firing points, four fire scenarios are setup in April 2008 when fire events occurred most frequently in recent five years. It is shown that the building configuration mainly determines wind speed and direction in the urban area. The pollutant dispersion patterns are different for each fire scenario, because of the influence of the detailed flow. The pollutant concentration is high in the horse-shoe vortex and recirculation zones (caused by buildings) close to the fire point. It thus means that the potential damage areas are different for each fire scenario due to the different flow and dispersion patterns. These results suggest that the accurate understanding of the urban flow is important to assess the effect of the pollutant dispersion caused by fire in an urban area. The present study also demonstrates that CFD model can be useful for the assessment of urban environment.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The urban thermal environment can be an important index to detect heat island phenomena and manage it to improve urban life quality. Cheongju is a typical plain-city that main part has been formed and developed in lowland. The Mushim stream crosses the city from south to north. We reviewed the use of thermal remote sensing in stream around areas and the thermal environments, focusing primarily on the Urban Heat Island(UHI) effect. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the stream nearby urban area and the stream cooling effect of UHI. The objectives are to determine the usefulness of KOMPSAT-2 bands MS3 and MS4 for vegetation cover mapping, and the usefulness of LANDSAT TM band 6 in identifying thermal environmental characteristics and UHI. Land Surface Temperatures (LST) are retrieved by single-channel algorithm to study the UHI from the 6th band (thermal infrared band) of LANDSAT TM images and thermal radiance thermometer based on remote sensing method and the LST distribution maps are accomplished according to the retrieval results. There is also comparison of satellite-derived and in situ measured temperature. The results indicated that the LST of urban center is higher than that of suburban area, the temperature of mountain and water are the lowest area, so it is clearly proved that there are obvious UHI effects by stream. The surface temperature distribution of Mushim stream is detected $2^{\circ}C$ lower than urban area.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-20
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• 1990

The Port of Pusan, the largest port in Korea, handled 23% of total sea borne cargo movement, 14% of imported cargo, 58% of exported cargo and 95% of container cargo in 1989. Also the port of Pusan has been played a key role in handing container cargo throughout the last 10 years. The paper is aimed to survey the effect of sea borne cargo movement to urban transportation, that is, to find traffic volume arising by general/bulk cargoes through the port and to estimate vehicle rated of container tractor tailer on the roads between terminal including conventional piers and ODCY, and finally the following results are obtained. (1) AADV of truck to transport general/bulk cargoes are 6,322 units in 1989,and routes penetrate into the center of city and pass through the most of urban arterials. (2) In the container transport, if HVEF is adopted to 3 of tractor trailer, AVR in each transport freeway 13.7%. (3) IF HVEF is adopted to 6 of tractor trailer. AVR are as follows: BooDoo-Ro 44.1%, WooAm-Ro 39.3%, SooYoung-Ro 17.8%, Urban freeway 20.3%. Based upon these results, the following suggestions were drawn : o ODCY scattered around the city should be unified in a few groups to raise port productivity. o Rail service for inland container transportation should be escalated to relieve urban traffic congestion. o Coastal feeder service between terminal and hinterland should be studied to restrict the penetration of container tractor trailer into the central parts in the urban areas. o Exclusive freeway system for effective container transportation should be implemented to reduce urban traffic delay.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.54-55
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• 2015

Increase of impervious areas due to expansion of housing area, commercial and business building of urban is resulting in property change of stormwater runoff. Also, rapid urbanization and heavy rain due to climate change lead to urban flood and debris flow damage. In 2010 and 2011, Seoul had experienced shocking flooding damages by heavy rain. All these have led to increased interest in applying LID and decentralized rainwater management as a means of urban hydrologic cycle restoration and Natural Disaster Prevention such as flooding and so on. Urban development is a cause of expansion of impervious area. It reduces infiltration of rain water and may increase runoff volume from storms. Low Impact Development (LID) methods is to mimic the predevelopment site hydrology by using site design techniques that store, infiltrate, evaporate, detain runoff, and reduction flooding. Use of these techniques helps to reduce off-site runoff and ensure adequate groundwater recharge. The contents of this paper include a hydrologic analysis on a site and an evaluation of flooding reduction effect of LID practice facilities planned on the site. The region of this Case study is LID Rainwater Management Demonstration District in A-new town and P-new town, Korea. LID Practice facilities were designed on the area of rainwater management demonstration district in new town. We performed analysis of reduction effect about flood discharge. SWMM5 has been developed as a model to analyze the hydrologic impacts of LID facilities. For this study, we used weather data for around 38 years from January 1973 to August 2014 collected from the new town City Observatory near the district. Using the weather data, we performed continuous simulation of urban runoff in order to analyze impacts on the Stream from the development of the district and the installation of LID facilities. This is a new approach to stormwater management system which is different from existing end-of-pipe type management system. We suggest that LID should be discussed as a efficient method of urban disasters and climate change control in future land use, sewer and stormwater management planning.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose : This research aims to present policy plans for community vitality in the field of the urban regeneration project by analyzing aspects for vitality via domestic and abroad city policies and cases. Methods: The research method works as follows: The first step is 1) to introduce the concept of evaluation matrix to analyze cases of urban generation, 2) to apply to the proposed evaluation matrix, and then 3) to analyze communities' decline diagnosis, counterstrategies, and promotion process. And the second step is to draw features and evaluation of cases and to present the policy plan for communities' vitality with the urban regeneration project in South Korea via a comprehensive analysis. Result : This research confirmed the fact that when different sectors is expanded toward a mutual cooperation, communities are vitalized, having a mutual effect on other related sectors by taking a part in the community positively. Especially in the base of each characteristic and estimation, when various activities and socio-economic programs with residents are promoted in the integrated system, communities are successful. Through this results we present four policy plans for community vitality of the urban regeneration project in South Korea.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.815-823
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• 2006

The hydrologic cycle in urban catchment has been changed due to the expansion of impervious area by rapid urban development. In this study, the SWMM 5 (Storm Water Management Model 5) model was used to simulate the hydrologic cycle of the Dorimcheon catchment which suffers from the distorted hydrologic cycle as a typical urban catchment. This study compare continuous simulation of urban runoff combining the channel and sewer system with that of channel only in the Dorimcheon catchment. Continuous simulations of urban runoff were performed for the upstream basin of Dorim bridge. The urban impervious regions were processed by the land use analysis from LANDSAT_TM images. It was performed from 1975 to 2000 for every five years. Surface, groundwater and wastewater runoffs were additionally included in the simulations one at a time. Such simulations made it possible to evaluate those components quantitatively. The result of continuous simulation of urban runoff combining the channel and sewer system is that peak flow and recession are well simulated. The analysis results of urbanization effect on runoff are as follows: the surface runoff in 2000 increases to 64% of the whole precipitation whereas the surface runoff in 1975 amounts to 46% of the precipitation; the groundwater runoff in 2000 amounts to 6% and shows 8% decrease during the period from 1975 to 2000.