• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.933-941
• /
• 2023

Since the Industrial Age, economic activities have raised environmental concerns, emphasizing the importance of biodiversity conservation areas. However, a fundamental contradiction exists between conservation and utilization, leading to conflicting interests. In light of these issues, the aim of this study was to propose efficient operational strategies for future urban biodiversity conservation areas, while also promoting local community economic development. Accordingly, the focus was the Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve as a case study. The findings reveal the following. First, all local residents recognize the importance of the biosphere reserve and hold a high regard for its direct role in conservation. Second, developing and promoting brands appears to have a more positive impact on local economic activation than activating projects linked to the biosphere reserve. Simultaneously, local residents have expressed negative evaluations of indiscriminate facility development, fearing reckless expansion. Third, if governance is promoted in the future, community participation will likely increase, leading to a strengthening of conservation awareness and the establishment of a framework among local residents and those in adjacent areas. Findings of this study are expected to serve as fundamental data for establishing effective communication among local residents in protected areas facing similar challenges, thus facilitating efficient decision-making processes.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.109-123
• /
• 2024

Research into vision-based end-to-end autonomous driving systems utilizing deep learning and reinforcement learning has been steadily increasing. These systems typically encode continuous and high-dimensional vehicle states, such as location, velocity, orientation, and sensor data, into latent features, which are then decoded into a vehicular control policy. The complexity of urban driving environments necessitates the use of state representation learning through networks like Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) or Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). This paper analyzes the impact of different image state encoding methods on reinforcement learning performance in autonomous driving. Experiments were conducted in the CARLA simulator using RGB images and semantically segmented images captured by the vehicle's front camera. These images were encoded using VAE and Vision Transformer (ViT) networks. The study examines how these networks influence the agents' learning outcomes and experimentally demonstrates the role of each state representation technique in enhancing the learning efficiency and decision- making capabilities of autonomous driving systems.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2024.07a
• /
• pp.585-594
• /
• 2024

In recent years, the construction industry has rapidly adopted offsite-manufacturing and distributed construction methods. This change brings a variety of challenges requiring innovative solutions, such as the utilization of AI-driven and generative design. Numerous studies have explored the concept of multi-objective generative design with genetic algorithms in construction. However, this paper highlights the challenges and proposes a solution for combining generative design with distributed construction to address the need for agility in design. To achieve this goal, the research delves into the development of a multi-objective generative design optimization using a weighted genetic algorithm based on simulated annealing. The specific design case adopted is an educational complex. The proposed process strives for scalable economic viability, environmental comfort, and operational efficiency by optimizing modular configurations of architectural spaces, facilitating affordable, scalable, and optimized construction. Rhino-Grasshopper and Galapagos design tools are used to create a virtual environment capable of generating architectural configurations within defined boundaries. Optimization factors include adherence to urban regulations, acoustic comfort, and sunlight exposure. A normalized scoring approach is also presented to prioritize design preferences, enabling systematic and data-driven design decision-making. Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools are also used to transform the optimization results into tangible architectural elements and visualize the outcome. The resulting process contributes both to practice and academia. Practitioners in AEC industry could gain benefit through adopting and adapting its features with the unique characteristics of various construction projects while educators and future researchers can modify and enhance this process based on new requirements.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2024.07a
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 2024

The suburban residential areas encircling major Japanese cities, established during the era of rapid economic growth, grapple with a formidable challenge as their original residents age swiftly. The migration of individuals toward city centers and proximity to train stations, coupled with an aging populace and diminishing birthrate, portends a diminishing functionality of these towns, significantly impacting residents' lives and posing a potential threat to their future. Within the context of a rapidly aging society, the effective utilization of the substantial existing housing stock emerges as a critical issue, essential for shaping future housing policies in a super-aging society. This thesis investigates vacant rooms within detached houses, a segment of spatial stock, with the goal of comprehending the mechanisms instigating their occurrence. The aim is to predict their future through the formulation of a mathematical equation encapsulating the conditions leading to their formation. Through the analysis of data from 76 houses out of 118 questionnaires and 36 interviews, where respondents acknowledged having vacant rooms, the study seeks to elucidate the governing mechanisms. It identifies factors exhibiting correlation or causal relationships with the emergence of vacant rooms by scrutinizing the timing and circumstances of the current vacant rooms. The thesis asserts that the genesis of vacant spaces can be explicated by a simple equation, notably linked with life plans. It introduces three scenarios-optimistic, intermediate, and pessimistic-and provides recommendations for addressing potential outcomes. In the backdrop of a diminishing and aging population, understanding available spatial resources is pivotal. The thesis contends that the detailed exploration of each scenario offers crucial insights for cultivating sustainable residential communities, extending beyond urban planning to encompass area management, individual decision-making, and the development of commercially viable housing aligned with these decisions.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.277-292
• /
• 2024

In order to manage large-scale forest fires concentrated in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do with severe topographical heterogeneity, a decision-making process through efficient and rapid damage assessment using satellite images is essential. Accordingly, this study targets a large-scale forest fire that ignited in Gangneung and the Donghae, Gangwon-do on March 5, 2022, and was extinguished around 19:00 on March 8, to estimate the fire severity using dNBR and derive environmental factors that affect the grade. As environmental factors, we quantified the regular vegetation index representing vegetation or fuel type, the forest index that classifies tree species, the regular moisture index representing moisture content, and DEM in relation to topography, and then analyzed the correlation with the fire severity. In terms of fire severity, the widest range was 'Unbured' at 52.4%, followed by low severity at 42.9%, medium-low severity at 4.3%, and medium-high severity at 0.4%. Environmental factors showed a negative correlation with dNDVI and dNDWI, and a positive correlation with slope. Regarding vegetation, the differences between coniferous, broad-leaved, and other groups in dNDVI, dNIWI, and slope, which were analyzed to affect the fire severity, were analyzed to be significant with p-value < 2.2e-16. In particular, the difference between coniferous and broad-leaved forests was clear, and it was confirmed that coniferous forest suffered more damage than broad-leaved forest due to the higher fire severity in the Gangwon-do region, including Pinus densiflora, which are dominant species, as well as P. koraiensis, P. rigida and P. thunbergii.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2016

This paper discusses the character of communication among participating stakeholders in the Improving Alley Landscapes in Residential Neighborhoods project. The participation of diverse stakeholders in conventional urban redevelopment is considered to delay and complicate the progress of a project. However, in urban regeneration, a field-oriented operating system and collaboration between diverse stakeholders is considered critical to building a sustainable community. A stakeholder is defined as "a person or organization that can influence decision-making or be influenced by it." This paper uses a case study to examine what types of stakeholders participate and what communicative processes and ideas are shared among them. Six neighborhoods were selected out of a total of 26 of Seoul's 2014 Improving Alley Landscapes project. This research was developed through interviews and a review of the literature. The character of communication among stakeholders in the case study is as follows. Firstly, the administration initiated the project but did not show leadership. This was caused by a gap in understanding about the project between city and borough administrations, Further, the city administration lacked experience with projects that placed an emphasis on fieldwork. Tongjand and Banjang, at ancillary institutions, acted as spokespersons and helped people in the community to understand the administrative process. However, because they led communication and used personal relationships to ensure they communicated effectively, the communication process had limits from the perspective of democratic process. Diverse stakeholders expressed their opinions in the public sphere and communicated about them using diverse media. Finally, experts produced the output, facilitated communication, and mediated in conflicts. Because new experts acted as facilitators and mediators, there was a great deal of trial and error. This project has particular significance: Seoul's city government deals with urban space rather than parks and green space, which are limited by boundaries; and whether "green" can be used for urban renovation was tested by several landscape architects, who sought to identify a new role in urban renovation, namely, the role of landscape and landscape architecture. However, the project has some limitations, including an insufficiently detailed project plan, a lack of common understanding among stakeholders, and a short timeframe. A number of stakeholders overcame these limitations to a certain degree. Officials of the Borough and the Dong managed the project and resolved civil complaints. Experts provided special information, and contributed to the design and construction of improvements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2016

Although there are continuous demands for activating BSSs(Bicycle Sharing Systems) due to the convenience and positive health effects, it is difficult to make a decision to support the existing systems and build more systems because of the deficit resulting from the operation of BSSs. Consequently, this study estimated the economic effects(WTP; Willingness to Pay) of BSS and analyzed the impact factors of WTP to support the above decision making in Daejeon. For this, we conducted a survey and collected 668 samples from the users and non-users of TASHU that is the BSS operated in Daejeon. Also, we used CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) for the estimation of WTP. The results show that the number of bicycle uses is a determinant factor having a positive relationship with WTP and car ownership and age are also determinant factors having a negative relationship with WTP. On the other hand, income and sex have no significant statistical relationship with WTP. Also, the economic benefit of TASHU was estimated as much as 49.9 billion KRW to 63.6 billion KRW. Considering the operation cost of 2.5 billion KRW, it is quite big benefit. Based on the results, it needs to support TASHU from a user perspective for the efficient operation of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.34-46
• /
• 2001

The Boolean logic analysis method using GIS as a spatial decision support system(SDSS) contains two problems. One is losing a lots of informations in analysis process, the other is unable to reflect of different weights between analysis items. The purpose of this study is to provide a new decision-making model for site analysis, that provides a rational and systemic way using fuzzy sets theory and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) theory. According to this study of technopark in Pohang, Boolean logic method did not reflect the influence of the differently weighted items and selected only 8.0% to 16.1% of the area for suitable sites for residence, commercial/research, park/green uses. The fuzzy sets theory and AHP theory method were able to reflect the influence of differently weighted items and selected 32.9% to 37.4% of the area for the best sites, and also provided more other kinds of informations. The results of this study show that GIS system using fuzzy sets theory and AHP proess method provides a more flexible and objective solutions for site analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.2D
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2012

In this study, the effect of safety improvement project was analyzed, and a decision making model for traffic accident reduction measures was suggested. The results of this study are as follow; First the overall number of traffic accidents and casualties were reduced, especially reduced the number of unauthorized crossing and centerline encroachments was remarkable. Second, the priorities of traffic accident reduction measures. through hazards roadway section improvement projects were determined. As, higher level evaluation items of AHP hierachy structure include civil facilities and transportation facilities. The civil facilities has 6 lower level evaluation items and transportation facilities has 4 items. The results of this study, It was revealed that traffic experts prefer civil facilities more than transportation facilities and the top 2 items of the each data (or index) took over 50%. In addition, one of the last evaluation contents through the verification, the top 3 items of civil facilities took 55.38%. The project according to the improvement projects for hazards roadway reduced traffic accidents and casualties as well as saving the cost. So these results should be available for basic information for the countermeasure about reducing the traffic accidents by local governments.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.36-46
• /
• 2021

With an increasing trend toward high-rise modular construction, the simultaneous use of tower cranes at a modular construction site has recently been observed. Tower crane layout planning (TCLP) has a significant effect on cost, duration, safety and productivity of a project. In a modular construction project, particularly, poor decision about the layout of tower cranes is likely to have negative effects like additional employment of cranes and redesign, which will lead to additional costs and possible delays. It is, therefore, crucial to conduct thorough inspection of field conditions, lifting materials, tower crane capacity to make decisions on the layout of tower cranes. However, several challenges exist in planning for a multi-crane construction site in terms of safety and collaboration, which makes planning with experience and intuition complicated. This paper suggests a multi-objective optimization model for selection of the number of tower cranes, their models and locations, which minimizes cost and conflict. The proposed model contributes to the body of knowledge by showing the feasibility of using multi-objective optimization for TCLP decision-making process with consideration of trade-offs between cost and conflict.