• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

Purpose: The survey-based study aimed to determine the distribution and clustering tendency of metabolic syndrome risk factors in urban residents, and cluster odds ratios. Methods: Cluster sampling involved 827 urban participants and analysis of the collected data. Results: Regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors used for diagnosis, abdominal obesity was higher in women(69.5%) than in men(34.3%), high blood pressure was higher in men(57%) than in women(46.5%), and blood sugar was higher in men(6.9%) than in women(5.7%). Clustering increased with increasing body mass index(BMI), weight:height ratio(W/Ht) and abdominal obesity Risk factors for females were 1.7 times higher than for males. Participants with a family history of metabolic syndrome displayed related risk factors 1.5 times more than participants without a family history. Participants having a BMI ranking them as obese were 9.5 times more likely to display metabolic syndrome risk factors than non-obese participants. Obese participants were 20 times more likely to display risk factors than non-obese participants. Conclusion: BMI, W/Ht and abdominal obesity correlate with clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors. The risk is increased by smoking and family history. Exercise weight control and non-smoking are recommended for comprehensive management of clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1231-1238
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• 2007

The promotion of walking and bicycling is recently a hot topic in the urban planning and design field. Many planners have already examined the many components of the land use-transportation connection and built environment-physical activity link. A rapidly growing area of urban form research is to measure the level of walk-ability in urban environments. With this background, this research conducted a preliminary study to develop the evaluation indicators of pedestrian environments. Based on the literature reviews on walking or pedestrian environments, we proposed the seventeen indicators related with pedestrian facilities, road attributes and walking environment. We also performed a questionary survey to evaluate the satisfaction of their neighborhood pedestrian environments for 302 randomly selected adults living in the City of Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do. Finally, this research provided the valid model to evaluate the effects of physical environmental factors on the walking satisfaction using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.303-313
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the correlation between social support, loneliness, sleep quality, and perceived health status among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Older adults who lived in urban and rural local communities were taken into account. Among them, 396 people participated in this study. Path analysis was conducted in order to verify the study model and its verification. SPSS WIN 18.0 and AMOS17.0 were used for analysis of collected data. Results: The results showed that social support had a significant effect on perceived health status (${\beta}$=.17, p= .003) and loneliness (${\beta}$=-.56, p<.001), while loneliness had a significant effect on perceived health status (${\beta}$=-.12, p=.045) and sleep quality (${\beta}$=.20, p<.001). In addition, the results also indicated that sleep quality had a significant influence on perceived health status (${\beta}$=-.16, p <.001). According to results derived from the model, Chi-square=.359, df=1 NC=.359, CFI=1.0, NFI=0.98, RMSEA=.000; thus, the model was shown to be significant. Conclusion: For maintenance of the health of the aged, social support, loneliness, and sleep quality should be secured; in order to realize this, an effort should be made toward health promotion while providing the aged with more social attention.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.477-486
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the variation in dietary fiber and fat intakes, and the contribution of food groups to dietary fiber and fat consumption in relation to age and to examine the relationship between dietary fiber and fat intakes in 337 urban adults aged 20-49 year. Dietary intakes were evaluated with one-day 24-hour recall and two-day dietary record method. Significantly higher intakes of fat in males and saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and cholesterol in females were associated with younger age. The ratio of fat to the total energy intake slightly exceeded 20% at 20s and 30s in both males and females. The main source of dietary fiber was vegetables in all age groups of males and 30s of females, but grains in 20s and 40s of females. The main source of fat was meats in all age groups of males and 40s of females, but grains in 20s and 30s in females. The main source of cholesterol was eggs in both males and females. Dietary fiber intake was positively correlated with all fat-related parameters except cholesterol in 20s and 40s and was positively related with fat in 30s of males. For females dietary fiber intake was positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid in 20s and with monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in 40s. These findings show that there is considerable variation in intake of dietary fiber and fat in relation to age among adults and suggest that these factors should be considered at interventions aimed toward improvement of nutritional status.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.712-721
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• 2016

This study analyzes important urban characteristics according to location of large-scaled professional sports facilities based on a binary logistic regression model and t-test. For the empirical analysis, this study uses 24 urban characteristics within social, economic, cultural, traffic, and spatial categories in 228 cities. The results show that economic condition can be the main decision factor for the differential feature of the location as well as social and traffic conditions. Concretely, more the number of young adults and middle-aged people who have considerable purchasing power, and available land are more the beneficial to the presence of the sports facilities. Recently local governments focus on location of the facilities due to their impacts on regional economics as well as residents' quality of life. In this point of vies, this study gives good understanding why it is a great option for location of the facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.311-323
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare factors influencing the quality of life of osteoarthritis patients in urban and rural areas. The data were derived from the sixth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey in 2014 and analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 software package considering complex samples analysis. The subjects of study were 599 adults with osteoarthritis over 50 years. The results of the study show that the factors affecting the urban patients' quality of life are healthcare coverage types, knee joint pain, knee ankylosis, hip joint pain, low back pain, limited activities, and subjective health status. The rural patients' quality of life are influenced by knee joint pain, limited activities, and alcohol consumptions. Therefore, the government should create differentiating strategies and approaches, including community rehabilitation programs, to improve the quality of life of urban and rural patients with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2019

Background: Edentulism is associated with socioeconomic status, rural residence, and chronic disease, but no studies have investigated edentulism and residence factors together. All information that drives a better understanding of the factors related to edentulism plays an important role in the planning and delivery of appropriate dental services for the elderly by national and oral health professionals. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of edentulism in adults aged over 60 years in Korea and to examine whether there are differences in dentate status between people living in urban and rural areas after controlling for sociodemographic and other related factors. Methods: The data for this study were collected from 2013 to 2015 as part of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI, those individuals aged over 60 years and who had complete datasets were included (5,071). The number of teeth and residence status were categorized into two groups: edentate and dentate (1 or more); urban and rural. Multiple multivariate logistic regression analyses were sequentially applied to assess the association between dentate status and residence status after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Rural areas, lower household income, and lower education levels were associated with a higher edentate rate. The number of teeth was lower in rural areas than in urban areas. After adjusting for various factors, statistically significant associations were present for women, low household income, low education level, poor perceived health status, and alcohol consumption in participants. Conclusion: Elders living in rural areas had poorer oral health than elders living in urban areas. The government will need to provide effective systems for promoting oral health for elders living in rural areas.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.755-777
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate food needs for dining out in the context of rural healing tourism by surveying food preference characteristics. A total of 600 adults in an urban area completed an online questionnaire on food characteristics for rural healing tourism. Regarding the purpose of rural healing tourism, 61.2% of respondents answered 'relaxation' while 6.3% answered 'promotion of health'. Exactly 66.3% of respondents selected Korean foods (rice) as the preferable food type for dining out in the context of rural healing tourism. Respondents considered 'regionality' and 'ingredient' as more important among food quality characteristics, whereas 'professionality' was less important. Females perceived 'nutrition' and 'cooking' as more important than males. Among food characteristics of professionality, regionality, and traditionality, respondents most preferred 'using regional specialty food'. Preference for 'using traditional food' significantly increased with subject's age. Respondents rated 'balanced nutrition' most highly among food characteristics of health and nutrition. 'Seasonal food' was the most preferred food characteristic among cooking and ingredients. Females showed higher interest in nutrition, cooking, and ingredients and higher preferences related to food characteristics of nutrition, cooking, and ingredients than males. In conclusion, Korean foods (rice) or Korean full course menu items using local specialty foods or seasonal foods with balanced nutrition are needed for dining out in the context of rural healing tourism.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.260-271
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify basic health needs of adult clients to develop a community nursing center model in Seoul. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from 894 adults registered at a public health center who were health management members, and visiting 4 community nursing centers, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee during the period from July 1999 to January 2000. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentile, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: 1) The University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee School of Nursing has a long tradition of developing 4 community nursing centers with innovative health care programs. CNCs integrate the ability to implement and test effective intervention strategies with education, research, and practices of nursing students and faculty. They were designed to enhance the health status and quality of life for urban communities through the development of productive, outcome focused, collaborative partnerships among UWM-Nursing faculties and staff, other health and human service providers, consumers, and policy makers. It links the financial resources between UWM and 9 voluntary agencies and 12 public funding organizations including federal. state, and local governments. 2) Of the total health management members, 37.4% were reported to have at least one type of chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis. Ten percent of them reported having obesity, and 44.2% reported lack of exercise. The health status of the subjects was within normal range in laboratory tests. However, female subjects showed more significant differences in obesity and cholesterol levels than male subjects. The subjects, who were in their 50s, showed more significant differences in obesity, SGOT, SGPT, and cholesterol levels than the subjects in other age groups. Conclusion: A community nursing center needs to be developed, that has a link between the nursing college and the public health center, with partnerships and a multidisciplinary approach. Based on the study results, exercise programs for middle aged adults are considered necessary. In particular, specific exercise programs for pre-menopausal women needs to be implemented in the future to prevent them from developing osteoporosis.

• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

In contemporary Korean society, urban community environment is often associated with high-density and high-rise residences that make people's relationships superficial, instrumental and impersonal. Furthermore, urban community consistently interplays with neighboring residents and childhood emotional experience are influential on their unconscious images and attitude about their current neighborhood environment, while affecting the environmental attitude and the formation of community sense. Previous research found evidences that increased level of community sense is fostering more feeling of living in so-called "real neighborhood environment." This study aimed to cross-culturally examine what the respondents' emotional perception and their attitude were about the community environment in their childhood through environmental autobiography method and to examine the effects of the results on adults' formation of sense of community for their current community environment. Extensive literature review explored a few important theoretical framework which are closely related to sense of community (SOC) as a result of emotional experience: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection and community satisfaction. Chi-square and GLM analysis revealed that there were no demographic, and socio-economic differences between two groups of Korean and US residents. Correlation analysis indicated that childhood emotional experience of Koreans and US citizens was statistically significant on sense of community for their current living community. Multi-regression analysis also found that the degree of influence were the main predictors for building strong sense of current community throughout a cross-cultural group. Furthermore, the relationship between various emotional experience of each factor in previous and current community environment were statistically significantly related. It is concluded that as the positive childhood experience of influence in their past community was going up, the level of sense of community for their current community was strengthened across their cross-cultural background.