• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

The minimum rank mr(G) of a simple graph G is defined to be the smallest possible rank over all symmetric real matrices whose (i, j)-th entry (for $i{\neq}j$) is nonzero whenever {i, j} is an edge in G and is zero otherwise. The corona $C_n{\circ}K_t$ is obtained by joining all the vertices of the complete graph $K_t$ to each n vertex of the cycle $C_n$. For any t, we obtain an upper bound of zero forcing number of $L(C_n{\circ}K_t)$, the line graph of $C_n{\circ}K_t$, and get some bounds of $mr(L(C_n{\circ}K_t))$. Specially for t = 1, 2, we have calculated $mr(L(C_n{\circ}K_t))$ by the cut-vertex reduction method.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2010

발사체의 상단, 궤도선, 우주비행선 등의 추진기관은 불가피하게 무중력 환경에서 작동해야 한다. 이러한 비행체들이 겪는 비행 환경은 일반적인 중력장과 다르기 때문에 이에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 무중력 상태에서의 유체의 거동은 부착력, 응집력, 표면장력 등의 비중이 커지기 때문에 중력이 있는 상태에서와 다르게 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 무중력 환경에서 유체의 거동 특성에 대하여 알아보고 이런 유체의 거동 특성이 액체추진기관에 미치는 영향과 문제점에 대해 기술한다. 또한 이 문제점을 해결하기 위해 어떤 연구들이 진행되고 있는지 알아본다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.573-576
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• 2010

발사체의 상단, 궤도선, 우주비행선 등의 추진기관은 불가피하게 무중력 환경에서 작동해야 한다. 이러한 비행체들이 겪는 비행 환경은 일반적인 중력장과 다르기 때문에 이에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 무중력 상태에서의 유체의 거동은 부착력, 응집력, 표면장력 등의 비중이 커지기 때문에 중력이 있는 상태에서와 다르게 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 무중력 환경에서 유체의 거동 특성에 대하여 알아보고 이런 유체의 거동 특성이 액체추진기관에 미치는 영향과 문제점에 대해 기술한다. 또한 이 문제점을 해결하기 위해 어떤 연구들이 진행되고 있는지 알아본다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.503-515
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• 2014

On the basis of Hoek-Brown failure criterion, a numerical solution for the shape of collapsing block in the rectangular cavity subjected to seepage forces is obtained by upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The seepage forces obtained from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution are taken as external loadings in the limit analysis, and the pore pressure is easily calculated with pore pressure coefficient. Thus the seepage force is incorporated into the upper bound analysis as a work rate of external force. The upper solution of the shape of collapsing block is derived by virtue of variational calculation. In order to verify the validity of the method proposed in the paper, the result when the pore pressure coefficient equals zero, and only hydrostatic pressure is taken into consideration, is compared with that of previous work. The results show good effectiveness in calculating the collapsing block shape subjected to seepage forces. The influence of parameters on the failure mechanisms is investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.93-111
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• 1993

Let ${X(t) : t \geq 0}$ be a real-valued stochastics process with stationary independent increments. In this paper, under the condition of stochastic compactness, we obtain appropriate function $\alpha(t)$ and random function $\beta(t)$ such that for some positive finite constant C, lim sup${X(t) - \alpha(t)}/\beta(t) = C$ a.s. both as t tends to zero and infinity.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2022

The transition to renewable energy, especially the expansion of photovoltaic (PV) generation, has become a global megatrend that can no longer be reserved. However, since the site for PV is limited, it is necessary to use the land efficiently. As an alternative, the concept of utility scale agricultural PV(UAPV) is a technology that continues farming in the lower part and installs PV in the upper part of farmland to efficiently use the land. Therefore, for UAPV, the growth of crops in the lower part and the optimal operation of PV in the upper part are important. In this, we analyze the characteristics of the upper PV generation system in the UAPV based on the empirical results under various conditions, and propose future research directions of the UAPV.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.1733-1757
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• 2017

Let $R={\oplus}_{{\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma}}R_{\alpha}$ be an integral domain graded by an arbitrary torsionless grading monoid ${\Gamma}$, ${\bar{R}}$ be the integral closure of R, H be the set of nonzero homogeneous elements of R, C(f) be the fractional ideal of R generated by the homogeneous components of $f{\in}R_H$, and $N(H)=\{f{\in}R{\mid}C(f)_v=R\}$. Let $R_H$ be a UFD. We say that a nonzero prime ideal Q of R is an upper to zero in R if $Q=fR_H{\cap}R$ for some $f{\in}R$ and that R is a graded UMT-domain if each upper to zero in R is a maximal t-ideal. In this paper, we study several ring-theoretic properties of graded UMT-domains. Among other things, we prove that if R has a unit of nonzero degree, then R is a graded UMT-domain if and only if every prime ideal of $R_{N(H)}$ is extended from a homogeneous ideal of R, if and only if ${\bar{R}}_{H{\backslash}Q}$ is a graded-$Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain for all homogeneous maximal t-ideals Q of R, if and only if ${\bar{R}}_{N(H)}$ is a $Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain, if and only if R is a UMT-domain.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.795-801
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• 1994

The BiPbSrCaCuO superconductor was fabricated by diffusion of The dual layer composed of SrS12TCaS11TCuS12TOS1xT in upper layer and BiS12TPbSI0.3TCuS12TOS1yT in lower layer, and varified growh-mechanism of BiPbSrCaCuO superconducting phase. And, we produced optimum conditions of spread volume and each stage of sintering time were upper layer:Lower layer=1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6 and 24hr., 120hr., 210hr. From the result, the optimum conditions are spread volume(Upper layer:Lower layer=1:0.6), sintering time(210hrs.) at 820$^{\circ}C$.The BiPbSrCaCuO superconductor, fabricated optimum condition, showed zero resistance at critical temperature of 70k.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.948-953
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• 2004

For stable walking of various biped walking robots(BWR), we need to know the kinematics, dynamics and the Zero Moment of Point(ZMP) which are not easy to analyze analytically. In this reason, we developed a simulation program for BWRs composed of 4 degree-of-freedom upper-part body and 12 degree-of-freedom lower-part of the body. To operate the motion simulator for analyzing the kinematics and dynamics of BWES, inputs for the distance between legs, base angle, choice of walking type, gaits, and walking velocity are necessary. As a result, if stability condition is satisfied by the simulation, angle data for each actuator are generated automatically, and the data are transmitted to BWRS and then, they are actuated by the motion data. Finally, we validate the performance of the proposed motion simulator by applying it to a constructed small sized BWR.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2015

The rational analytical solutions are presented for functionally graded beams subjected to arbitrary tractions on the upper and lower surfaces. The Young's modulus is assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness direction while the Poisson's ratio keeps unaltered. Within the framework of symplectic elasticity, zero eigensolutions along with general eigensolutions are investigated to derive the homogeneous solutions of functionally graded beams with no body force and traction-free lateral surfaces. Zero eigensolutions are proved to compose the basic solutions of the Saint-Venant problem, while general eigensolutions which vary exponentially with the axial coordinate have a significant influence on the local behavior. The complete elasticity solutions presented here include homogeneous solutions and particular solutions which satisfy the loading conditions on the lateral surfaces. Numerical examples are considered and compared with established results, illustrating the effects of material inhomogeneity on the localized stress distributions.