• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.596-602
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• 2015

In this paper, a unified inverse transformer is designed for HEVC and VP9. The proposed architecture performs all modes of HEVC and VP9 in the unified inverser transformer, such as $4{\times}4{\sim}32{\times}32$ HEVC IDCT, $4{\times}4$ HEVC IDST, $4{\times}4{\sim}32{\times}32$ VP9 IDCT, $4{\times}4{\sim}16{\times}16$ VP9 IADST and $4{\times}4$ IWHT. Same computations are used in HEVC IDCT and VP9 IDCT, except for the scales of the coefficients. Similarly, same computations are used in HEVC $4{\times}4$ IDST and VP9 $4{\times}4$ IADST, except for the scales of the coefficients. Furthermore, HEVC IDCT, VP9 IDCT, and VP9 IADST are the subsets of upper level IDCTs. The proposed architecture reuses multipliers when the computation is identical. Also it shares adders and butterfly structures even when the multiplier coefficients are different. So it reduces the hardware size significantly. Synthesized in 0.18 um technology, the gate count is 456,442 gates. which achieved 22.6% reduction compared to conventional architectures.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.48-64
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• 1999

For quantitative evaluation of geotechnical engineering properties such as rippability and diggability, clear interpretation on the subsurface velocity structures should be preceded by figuring out top soil, weathered and soft rock layers, shape of basement, fracture zones, geologic boundary and etc. from the seismic refraction data. It is very important to set up suitable field parameters, which are the configuration of profile and its length, spacings of geophones and sources and topographic conditions, for increasing field data quality Geophone spacing of 3 to 5m is recommended in the land slope area for house land development and 5 to 10m in the tunnel site. In refraction tomography technique, the number of source points should be more than a half of available channel number of instrument, which can make topographic effect ignorable. Compared with core logging data, it is shown that the velocity range of the soil is less than 700m/s, weathered rock 700${\~}$1,200m/s, soft rock 1,200${\~}$1,800m/s. And the upper limit of P-wave velocity for rippability is estimated 1,200 to 1,800m/s in land slope area of gneiss. In case of tunnel site, it is recommended in tunnel design and construction to consider that tunnel is in contact with soft rock layer where three lineaments intersecting each other are recognized from the results of the other survey.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2010

Background: Penetrating neck injuries are potentially dangerous and require emergency management because of the presence of vital structures in the neck. The risk of airway, vascular, neurological, and pharyngoesophageal injuries leads to many difficult diagnostic decisions. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate our experience with management of penetrating neck injuries, and to assess treatment outcome. Material and Method: Forty-two consecutive patients were identified (26 patients from Korea university Ansan hospital, 16 patients from Guro hospital) as having penetrating neck injuries from 2003 to 2009. With review of medical records, variables were collected and evaluated including the location of injury, mechanism of injury, number of significant injuries, diagnostic modalities, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Results: The location of injury was zone I (lower neck) in 13 cases (31%), zone II (midportion of the neck) in 22 (52%), and zone III (upper neck) in 7 (17%). Injuries were caused by stab wounds in 23 patients, penetrating foreign bodies in 12. Among 35 patients who had deep injuries that violated the platysma, significant injuries, including major vascular (20), trachea (5) Pharyngoesophageal injuries (5) were identified in 24 patients. The mean hospital stay was 9.5 days. Conclusion: The penetrating trauma in the neck may show various degrees of severity. However, Cervical penetrating injury should not be underestimated in spite of the minimal width of the lesion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.214-214
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• 2003

During a model test of Hutton TLP, a "ringing" response was first observed about 20 years ago. This phenomenon is a resonant build up over the time of wave period and this burst-like motion can cause the extreme load on the TLP tether. It is often detected in the large and steep irregular waves but the generation mechanism leading to the "ringing" is not yet well understood. According to the research since then, the higher order harmonic components may account for the "ringing" on the floating offshore structures. The main purpose of the present research is, thus, to measure the higher harmonic forces exerted on a vertical truncated circular column and to compare them with available data. A vertical truncated cylinder with a diameter of 3.5inch and a draft of 10.5inch is used as a test structure, which is a scaled model of ISSC TLP column. The cylinder is installed at a distance of 45ft from the wave maker in order to avoid parasitic waves created in the wave flap. Attached to the upper part of the cylinder are two force gages to measure the horizontal (surge) and vertical (heave) forces on the cylinder. The incoming waves are Stokes waves with a slope ranging from 0.06 to 0.24. The forces and waves are measured for 60 seconds with a sampling rate of 50 Hz. Among the recorded data, the first 10 waves are excluded because of transient behavior of the waves and the next The horizontal and vertical forces are analyzed up to 5th order harmonics. The horizontal forces are then compared to the values from the theoretical model called "FNV model". In addition, force transfer functions are also investigated. Major findings in this research are below. 1) The first order forces measured are slightly larger than the theoretical values of "FNV model" 2) The "FNV model" considerably overpredicts the second order forces. 3) The larger the amplitude and more extreme the wave slope, the smaller the predictions are compared to the experimental. 4) The higher harmonic forces are significantly smaller than the first harmonic force for all wave parameters. 5) The normalized forces vs. waves slopes are almost constant in the lower harmonics but vary a lot in the higher harmonics. 6) The trend of forces is more nonlinear in the horizontal forces than in the vertical forces as the wave slope increases. 7) The part of the results above is also observed by other researchers and confirmed again through the present work.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.2
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• pp.165-182
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• 2009

Mobile IPv6 spends considerable bandwidth considering that its signal volume is proportional to the mobile and also it should be strengthened to support the binding signal volume, the traffic, and effective mobility. So, the study in NEMO(Network Mobility), an extended version of Mobile IPv6, has been conducted. NEMO provides its mobility by putting several mobiles and more than one portable router into one unit called as mobile network. Because nodes access Internet via the portable router at this time, it receives transparency without any additional work and that much reduces binding signal while solving binding storm. By supporting mobility, NEMO is able to have various mobile structures which realize several networks hierarchically and it is necessary to improve its safety and security by authenticating among the upper networks or the lower ones while moving. Also, it is extremely required to begin a study in the device to improve efficiency accompanied with mobility, which is executed by the fast hand-off as well as the safe authentication. For those reasons, this paper not only classifies various NEMO mobile scenarios into 7 ways, but also provides AAA authentication of each scenario, the authentication through the safety authentication and fast handoff authentication using F+HMIPv6 and the way to reduce both signaling volume and packet delays efficiently during the handoff.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2001

For quantitative evaluation of geotechnical engineering properties such as rippability and diggability, clear interpretation on the subsUJiace velocity structures should be preceded by figuring out top soil, weathered and soft rock layers, shape of basement, fracture zones, geologic boundary and etC. from the seismic refraction data. It is very important to set up suitable field parameters, which are the configuration of profile and its length, spacings of geophones and sources and topographic conditions, for increasing field data Quality. Geophone spacing of 3 to 5m is reconunended in the land slope area of house land development site. In refraction tomography technique, the number of source points should be more than a Cluarter of available channel number of instrument and the subsurface structure interpretation can be decreased the artifact of inversion by topographic effect. Compared with core logging data, it is shown that the velocity range of the soil is less than 700m/s, weathered rock 700~1,200m/s, soft rock 1,200~1,800m/s on the velocity tomogram section. And the upper limit of P-wave velocity for rippability is estimated 1,200 to 1,800m/s in land slope area of gneiss.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 1975

In order to clarify the mecahnism of histological barriers to pathogens of witches' broom diseased in sweet potatoes, this experiment has been conducted to observe the relationship between pathological characters and the transfer of mycoplasmae in the shoot apex. The material used the experiment is the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamm. Suwon 147). In the experiment regarding of mycoplasmae, the upper limit zone of transfer of mycoplasmae is examined by way of the process of free stock and the shoot apex of a infected part in nature, observed in the culture of each part of the diseased plant which is cut to a certain length. The pathological change pattern of tissues infected with mycoplasmae has been observed under the light and electron microscopes. As a result of this experiment, the following conclusion was arrived at. 1. It has been ascertained that the mycoplasmae are not existent in a promeristem and primary meristem zone from the meristem dome, and is existent in the lower part of the vascular differentiation zone, after which differential tissues the mycoplasmae become progressively enlarged, and before which undifferential tissues it become progressively immatured and diminished in size. 2. It can be suggested that mycoplasmae may not be existed in the shoot meristem, be cause the passing structures such as sieve area and plasmodesma which can be pass ed immatured mycoplasmae is undifferentiated. 3. In the tissue culture, free stock can be obtained in the zone between 1.0-1.5mm of the shoot apex, while it cannot in the 2.0-3.0mm zone, because of infection by mycoplasmae. It is suggested that immature mycoplasmae may be diffused according to temperature ($28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) in tissue culture process.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.56-66
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• 2015

This study aims at developing a new seismic resistant method by using precast concrete wall panels for existing low-rise, reinforced concrete beam-column buildings such as school buildings. Three quasi-static hysteresis loading tests were performed on one unreinforced beam-column specimen and two reinforced specimens with U-type precast wall panels. Seismic resistant test of anchored and welded steel plate connections manifested an average of 2.8 times increase in the maximum loading (average 591.8 kN) in comparison to unreinforced beam-column specimen. The maximum drift ratios were also shown between 1.4% and 2.7%. An analytical study was performed while assuming the RC column on the right side and the vertical element of the reinforced PC panel to behave in completely composite manner and the RC column on the left side and PC panel to behave in completely non-composite manner when loading was exerted from upper right end of RC frame of specimen to its left side. It was found with the assumptions that the overall flexural behavior in principle agreed with the experimental result.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.269-282
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• 2004

Luminescence dating of a coastal dune from the Shindu dunefield on the T'aean Peninsula shows that deposition of the dune structure began about 500-600 years ago. The lower section of the dune has remained stable since then but the upper part yields an age of about 30 years, suggesting reactivation or additional deposition since the 1970's. The two samples that were collected from the lower part of the dune at depths of 3.5 m and 2.0 m below the surface differ by an age interval of about 50-70 years. This indicates a net depositional rate of around 2.5 cm a year which is relatively slow for a coastal dune. Whilst only one dune structure has been dated for the time being and even though the dunefield was probably established much earlier in the Holocene, the OSL ages obtained demonstrate that some dunes in the area could be younger than 1000 years. Such chronologies point to a dynamic environment where the dune structures are not permanently fixed. Sedimentological properties of the dune sands are consistent with those of particles initially deposited under subaqueous conditions and then later transported by wind.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.649-653
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• 2009

Purpose: Double - eyelid operation is one of the most common cosmetic operations among Korean patients. In such operations, however, the complexity of and individual differences in the patients' anatomical structures may cause various complications, such as asymmetry, retraction of the eyelid, and the occurrence of a high fold. A high fold occurs frequently, and its correction is not very simple. Many methods have been developed to correct it, and among these, the operation involving the excision of the skin between the previous double - eyelid line and the new double - eyelid line is usually selected by plastic surgeons. In many cases, however, patients have insufficient eyelid skins for this operation. In this study, the authors introduce an operation procedure for high - fold correction that does not involve skin excision Methods: From June 2005 to June 2009, 246 cases were treated with this procedure. After the incision of the new double - eyelid line, dissection was done between the previous scar tissue and the levator aponeurosis. Then the orbital septum, orbital fat or the retro - orbicularis oculi fat was slid down and sutured with a tarsal plate. Such sutures were repeated at four to five points, including the lateral and medial limbus, to prevent the reattachment of the previous scar and to create a new double - eyelid line at the end of the orbital septum. Results: Most of the high - fold patients were satisfied with the procedure described above. Their previous scar was hidden under the new double - eyelid line after the operation. In the six cases, the scar was visible in the patients who had a very high and deep inner line. As such, scar revision was undertaken three months after the operation. It is known that scar revision is also required after an operation involving skin excision in the case of a very high inner - eyelid line. Conclusion: This method is an appropriative procedure for high - fold correction for patients who have insufficient upper - eyelid skin.