• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjective evaluation and the characteristics of each type of maternal self-awareness. It was to provide the basic data necessary for the development of clothing that can improve the satisfaction of the body shape of pregnant women. This study was conducted with Q methodology, and was performed for pregnant women over 6 months. Analysis was done with QUANL program. The recognition types of body shape of pregnant women was analyzed as three types: thin limbs and central hemispherical abdominal body shape, under abdomen protruding body shape, and thick upper arm and central abdomen protruding body shape. The thin limbs and central hemispherical abdominal body shape were considered to be normal, with the lowest BMI index before pregnancy. And the limbs were thin and the other parts were not overweight, but recognized that only the belly came out. The under abdomen protruding body shape was overweight with the highest BMI index before pregnancy. In addition to the circumference of the chest and hips, the body was gaining weight and was perceived to have a belly drooping down. The thick upper arm and central abdomen protruding body shape recognized that the middle part of the abdomen protruded like the first type, but it was different from the first type because the upper arm was thickened. In the future study, it would be a meaningful study to compare and analyze the difference with the recognition body of this study through analyzing the actual body shape of pregnant women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1547-1557
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the profitable clothes design of middle-aged men by examining visual effects in physical design. The methode of study is experimentation. The sample of this study is people who live in Kwangiu, Korea and 20-50 age's 719. The difference of physical design effect by arrangement, pattern and the shape of body. There are partly resemblance difference in physical design visual effect by the shape of body and clothes design(arrangement and pattern)In weak type, single suit with striped pattern and double suit with check pattern make the upper body look short. Otherwise, double suit with striped pattern have man look tall. In standard type, single arrangement suit with striped pattern make the lower half of body long, so make man look tall. And double arrangement suit with striped pattern have man look tall. The suit without pattern have one's shoulder look wide. In pyknic type, striped pattern make the lower half of one's body look long. But single arrangement with striped pattern have the upper body look big. sing1e suit with striped pattern make lower half of body look long and check pattern make it look short. Totally, arrangement, and pattern are very important clothes due to give an effect on whole visual effect man's suit. Also, these dues were felt differently by each types of body. So, it is confirmed that the type of body is important fluent to make people perceive.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.2 s.38
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• pp.127-138
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• 1991

The aim of the present stud)r has been to obtain new and additional data allolwing a better design of sports garments as well as a better choice among some materiales, through measure-ment of body surface changes in the upper trunk in movement, measurement on the effects of local heating on other parts of the body and measurement of the thermal resistance of 6 types of materials applied on a manikin. In the first experiment, the upper trunk was divided in 32 Parts, the surface of which was measured by the tape method for two upper limb positions: extension at $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. In the second experiment, skin temperature, local thermal sensations and whole body thermal sensation were measured every 5 minutes during 40 minutes. The four areas of the shoulder, abdomen, hande and feet were heated with the hot pack at $50^{\circ}C$. In the third experiment, the regional thermal resistance of the various materials selected, in two different cases of clothing ease, have been measured by using a thermal manikin. Resultes of experiments were: 1. Extensions cause the upper front part of the trunk surface to lengthen vertically while the back tends to stretch in width. 2. Skin temperatures of the upper limbs are influenced by the abdomen and shoulder boatings. The correlation between the whole body thermal sensation and the upper trunk thermal sensation is significantly asserted. 3. Ceramic and aluminium coated materiales offer the most effective thermal resistance; ease in clothing increases the thermal resistance at the breast and the abdomen as well as the clo value of the materials.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to classify body type by BMI and to inquire about body satisfaction and fitness apparel depending on body type among women 20-50years of age. As a result, body types are classified into three groups: lean, normal, and obese figures. On front silhouette, the normal type occupies most in women belonged to lean figure group, the obese lower part of the bodytype in normal figure group, and the obese upper part of the body type in obese figure group. On the other, in side silhouette, the slender type is prevalent in lean figure group, hip obesity in normal figure group, and trunk obesity in obese figure group. In particular, women in the obese figure group were distributed among the various body types. The obese figure group had a lower fitness apparel in the measurement of circumference(e.g., chest, waist, and hip) related to obesity in comparison with measurement of length. Therefore, the development of an optimal sizing system in response to the various body types in the obese figure group is needed to provide more diversity in aesthetic design and continuity among various sizing systems.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

Purpose D.I.T.I. can be used to diagnose the dysmenorrhea and prove the Oriental Medical Theory and the Sasang Constitutional Medicine concerning Dysmenorrhea. According to the Sasang Constitutional Medicine, we chose 39 dysmenorrhea patients (Soeumin 26 Patients, Taeumin 13 Patients) and expremented D.I.T.I. to find difference of chilliness and fever in the upper part of body and the lower part of body. Methods We expremented 39 dysmenorrhea patients chosena expremental group from Apr 1. 2002 to May 30, 2002. We diagnosed the constitution by Q.S.C.C. and selected six acu-points CV-17, CV-12, CV-4, G-21, B-15 and B-23. To appraise difference of temperature according to constitution we compared skin temperature of front to back. Result Mean Absolute Value of ${\Delta}T$ in body (front and back) shows significant difference. Totally the temperature of front is higher than the temperature of back. the temperature of Soeumin is higher than the temperature of Taeumin in whole. Conciusion Especially the upper abdomen area(CV-17) shows high temperature in 39 dysmenorrhea patients, the lower abdomen area (CV-4) of Soeumin shows lower temperature relatively.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

Purpose: This study verifies the muscle activity around the amputation site during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern exercise for the upper extremities on the non-amputated part in upper extremity amputees and provides basic data on effective exercise around an amputation site. Methods: Manual resistance was applied to the PNF upper extremity pattern of the non-amputated part to generate muscle activity around the amputation site. The resistance was adjusted to an intensity that could cause maximal isometric contraction. The muscle activity of the amputation site and the non-amputated part was measured using a surface electromyogram for the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, infraspinatus, serratus anterior, and pectoralis major. Results: During the scapular exercise in the painless range, the amputated side showed significantly lower muscle activity and a lower muscle contraction ratio compared with the non-amputated side. During the PNF pattern exercise in the painless range, the amputated side showed lower muscle activity and a lower muscle contraction ratio compared with the non-amputated side. When the direct scapular exercise of the amputated side was compared with the PNF pattern exercise of the non-amputated side, their muscle contraction ratios were similar. Conclusion: This study confirmed the effectiveness of the PNF pattern exercise of the non-amputated part as a way to indirectly train the injured site with no pain for rehabilitation of patients with serious body injuries, such as amputation. It is necessary to develop effective exercise programs for the rehabilitation of the amputation site based on the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.88-100
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• 2017

This study is for the textiles of at Sun Am Temple and characteristic of embroidery. Tak Ui was composed of orange body and green upper cover, and had no strings. The body plate was covered with embroidery, with Gauze base, and upper part was appliqued, by cutting dragon pattern, cloud pattern on satin damask. The thread for embroidery was silk floss, silk twisted thread, rapped gold thread, and rapped silk thread. For padding, it was used cotton thread in the part of dragon's scales. It was used satin stitch, outline stitch, split stitch, couching, and counted stitch, etc. as method of embroidery. In particular, it embroidered counted stitch of diamond shape consecutively on the whole of Tak Ui, it does so with counted stitch of same effect of weaving Brocade in the part of cloud. Besides, it is one of the characteristic for couching rapped silk thread. Such lead embroidery is the popular method in the Ming dynasty of China, in the 16~17 century. The design of Tak Ui is dragon, cloud, and wave in the theme. In the center, 'Seong-su-man-nyeon' was placed on the heads of dragon. This is similar to Dragon Robe of Four-petalled medallion patterns, period of Ming dynasty in China. Therefore, it confirmed that Tak Ui was remodeled the embroidered textiles, made for royal robe, originally, with Tak Ui at temple.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.31-39
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• 2006

This study was conducted to reproduce the two-piece sleeve pattern of the ladies' jacket of the 1890's for Korean women of the twenties who have the standard body type and the average size. Fourteen two-piece sleeve patterns of the ladies 'jacket of the 1890's were collected and drawn to actual size. The length and width proportion of the upper-sleeve and under-sleeve pattern of the ladies' jacket of the 1890's were similar to the two-piece sleeve pattern of jacket which we see now. The elbow line of the two-piece sleeve pattern of the ladies' jacket of the 1890's was lower than the two-piece sleeve of jacket of today. The cap of the sleeve of the ladies' jacket of the 1890's was gathered and this gave volume to the upper part of sleeve but the lower part of the sleeve was tight. The study pattern of two-piece sleeve pattern which had the characteristics of the sleeve pattern of the ladies' jacket of the 1890's was designed like for Korean women of the twenties who have the standard body type and the average size through modifications based on the evaluation of dressing on two occasions. The study pattern was evaluated to have the silhouette of the sleeve of the ladies' jacket of the 1890's and to fit Korean women of the twenties who have the standard body type and the average size with the sensory test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.937-954
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• 2010

This study analyzes the body characteristics of Korean obese women using 2004 Size Korea data. For selecting the obesity sample, 7 obesity judgment indices were chosen from previous clothing-related studies. A total of 636 females defined as "obese" by 5 out of 7 indices were selected as subjects for this study. 54 body measurements and obesity judgment indices were used. First, the subjects had a BMI 27.11, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index 1.76, Vervaeck index 104.77, Relative weight 133.00, and WHR 0.90. In the case of the distribution by age groups, the twenties were 6.4% of the entire subjects, the thirties were 18.2%, the forties were 16.4%, the fifties were 37.4%, and the sixties were 21.5%. The result of the ANOVAs (divided into 5 age groups) showed significant differences in 41 measurement items except for bust circumference, waist length front, and all of obesity judgment indices. Second, according to the ANOVAs among stature groups divided by 5cm pitches there are significant differences in all measurements except for bust circumference. The results of the ANOVAs among bust circumference groups divided by 5cm pitches show that significant differences were observed in all measurements except four measurement items (including body rise). According to the ANOVAs among the waist circumference groups divided by 5cm pitches, there are no significant differences in all height measurements and shoulder length, waist to hip length, and crotch length. It is confirmed that stature and bust circumference have a deep relationship with measurements other than waist circumference. Third, as the factor analysis were conducted using 39 measurement items to extract the body characteristics of obese women Factor 1 is "circumference measurements & obesity judgment indices," Factor 2 is "heights & arm-related lengths," and Factor 3 is "size and ratio of waist circumference & hip circumference." Factor 4 was "lengths in upper body," Factor 5 was "back width in upper body," Factor 6 was "side neck point to bust & bust circumference," Factor 7 was "length in lower body & arm circumferences," and Factor 8 was "neck base circumference & front widths in upper body." These 8 factors explained 76.54% of the total variance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.982-996
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• 2010

This study classified the body shapes of Korean obese women and investigated the differences of each body shape, using 2004 Size Korea data. For selecting the obesity sample, 7 obesity judgment indices were chosen through previous clothing-related studies. A total of 636 females defined as "obese" by 5 out of 7 indices were selected as subjects and 54 body measurements and obesity judgment indices were used in this study. Firstly, mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values of each measurement and item were obtained from the descriptive analysis of 53 measurements. According to the descriptive analysis, all measurements and obesity judgment indices of the subjects demonstrated a serious obesity level shown by BMI 27.11, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index 1.76, Vervaeck index 104.77, Relative weight 133.00, WHR 0.90, and waist circumference 86.71cm. In addition, the measurements and indices showed considerable differences between minimum and maximum values. Significant differences were identified in all measurements and items at a significant level, p=.001. Each distribution of body types according to age, stature, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study. Secondly, factor analyses were conducted using 38 measurement items to extract the body characteristics of obese women. Factor 1 was "circumference measurements & obesity judgment indices," Factor 2 was "heights & arm-related lengths," and Factor 3 was "size and ratio of waist circumference & hip circumference." Factor 4 was "lengths in upper body," Factor 5 was "back width in upper body," Factor 6 was "side neck point to bust & bust circumference," Factor 7 was "length in lower body & arm circumferences" and Factor 8 was "neck base circumference & front width in upper body." These 8 factors explained 76.54% of the total variance. Finally, 5 body types were selected in the cluster analysis. Type 1 (with big back widths & arm circumferences) was 15.5% of the entire subjects, Type 2 (the shortest and fattest, with big upper body) was 18.8%, Type 3 (with big breast) was 27.8%, Type 4 (the tallest and longest in arm lengths, with the smallest arm circumferences and lengths in torso) was 22.5%, and Type 5 (with big hips compared to waist circumferences, smaller height and upper body) was 15.5%. Fundamental differences were identified in all measurements and items at the significant level of p=.001. In addition, each distribution of body type according to age, height, bust, and waist circumference groups was provided in this study.