• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.168-174
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• 2016

Purpose: The management and clinical course in pediatric patients who had ingested foreign body were investigated retrospectively to evaluate the frequency and factor associated with successful removal of fishbone foreign body. Methods: Based on the medical records of patients younger than 15 years old who visited emergency room because of foreign body ingestion from January 1999 to December 2012, the authors reviewed clinical characteristics including type of ingested foreign bodies, time to visits, managements and complications. Results: Fishbone (50.1%) was the most common ingested foreign body in children. Among 416 patients with ingested fishbone, 245 (58.9%) were identified and removed using laryngoscope, rigid or flexible endoscope from pharynx or upper esophagus by otolaryngologists and pediatric gastroenterologists. The kind of ingested fish bone in children was diverse. The mean age of identified and removed fishbone group was 7.39 years old, and higher than that of unidentified fishbone group (5.81 years old, p<0.001). Identified and removed fishbone group had shorter time until hospital visit than the unidentified fishbone group (2.03 vs. 6.47 hours, p<0.001). No complication due to ingested fishbone or procedure occurred. Conclusion: Older age and shorter time from accident to hospital visit were the different factors between success and failure on removal of ingested fish bone in children.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.264-270
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• 2017

A Doppler radar sensor was applied to detect respirations and heartbeats of persons who were lying on a bed. This study is preliminary study aiming at non-contact and non-intrusive respiration and heart rate monitoring during sleep in daily life. For the experiments, 10GHz Doppler radar with patch-type antenna was used and installed on the upper right and the distance between the body and the antenna was 1 m. The results show that each signal of respiration and heartbeat is observed in each frequency band however the frequency band and the waveform vary according to the subjects and the posture. The results show that the heartbeats can be detected with the peak detection in some frequency band. This study shows the feasibility of applying the Doppler radar to detection of heartbeat and respiration during sleep and further studies about heartbeat detection algorithm are required.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07d
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• pp.2438-2440
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• 2004

This study is concerned with development of 3-Dimensional simulator of a biped robot that has a prismatic balancing weight or a revolute balancing weight. The dynamic stability equation of a biped robot which have a prismatic balancing weight is conditional linear but a walking robot's stability equation with a revolute balancing weight is nonlinear. To get a stable gait of a biped robot, stabilization equations with ZMP (Zero Moment Point) are modeled as non-homogeneous second order differential equations for each balancing weight type. A trajectory of balancing weight can be directly calculated with the FDM (Finite Difference Method) solution of the linearized differential equation. In this paper, the 3-Dimensional graphic simulator is programmed to get and calculate the desired ZMP and the actual ZMP. Walking of 4 steps was simulated and verified. This balancing system will be applied to a biped humanoid robot, which consist Begs and upper body, at future work.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1296-1301
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• 2002

In recent years, the pathology in the colon grows up annually since people of all ages prefer to have less fiber and more fat food. Therefore, the colonoscopy is generalized in developed countries. But it requires much time to acquire a dexterous skill to perform an operation and the procedure is painful to the patient. Therefore, some studies on the development of autonomous colonoscope are carried out. In this paper, we propose a new and simple locomotive mechanism that can be propelled by elliptic motion of a leg. It has several legs that have constant phase difference each other and those legs are disposed along the upper and lower of the body. In order to evaluate the performance of locomotive mechanism, we carried out the simulations of moving characteristics and the experiments in the colon of a dead pig.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.6 s.78
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• pp.82-87
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• 2006

The existing raised pavement marker, however, have some limitations. Most of them are square-shaped which makes only forward and backward retro-reflection, their orientation can be easily changed by impact of vehicle, and the surface reflector can be readily contaminated leading poor functioning. In addition, maintenance for broken raised pavement marker is not easy. The purpose of the study is to design and manufacture a new and improved type of raised pavement marker. The new raised pavement marker has round-shaped upper structure. Its body was separated from the holder and the reflector was surrounded by acrylic cover. We tested performances of the constituent parts, optimum load after installation, and reflection efficiency. The new raised pavement marker will be an initiation of studies on the improvement of the shape and performance of raised pavement markers.

• CELLMED
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.10
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• 2017

Minerals are individual of the components of foods and are not produced in the body but essential for best possible health. Several essential metals are vital for the appropriate performance of various enzymes, transcriptional factors and proteins that are essential in various biochemical paths. Metals like zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) are cofactors of hundreds of enzymes. Zn is involved in the synthesis and secretion of insulin from the pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$. Chromium (Cr) increases the insulin receptors activity on target tissues, mainly in muscle cells. Insulin hormone is required to maintain the blood glucose amount in normal range. Continual increase of blood serum glucose level leads to marked chronic hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus. Deficiency of insulin or its resistance, blood glucose level exceeds the upper limit of the common range of 126 mg/dl. Poor glucose control and diabetes changes the levels of essential trace elements such as Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, iron etc. by rising urinary excretion and their related decrease in the blood. The aim of this article to discusses the important roles of essential trace elements in particular perspective of type 2 diabetes.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2015

Heterotopic pancreas (HP) is defined as pancreatic tissue lacking anatomic and vascular continuity with the main body of the pancreas. Most are asymptomatic, but can cause ulcer, bleeding, intussusception, and mechanical obstruction. Herein, we presented one case of HP presented as duodenal tumor causing duodenal obstruction. A 7-year-old girl visited the emergency room for abdominal pain with vomiting for 24 hours. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal series revealed a polypoid mass with short stalk in the 2nd portion of duodenum. We attempted an endoscopic removal. However, the lumen was nearly obstructed by the mass and the stalk was too broad and hard to excise. The mass was surgically removed via duodenotomy. It was confirmed as a HP with ductal and acini components (type 2 by Heinrich classification). Postoperatively, the patient has been well without any complication and recurrence.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.107-112
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• 1974

Leaf temperature is complicated with the microclimate and the dry matter production in a plant community. But a daily change of leaf temperature varying by the locality in plant body or plant community is not yet clear. To resolve such a question, following experiment was designed; Helianthus tuberosus L., Glycine max L., Zea mays L., Impomoea batatas Lam., and Cucurbita moschata var. toonas Makino were planted in the different sandy loam, $2m{\times}2m-quadrat$, which has a eastern, southern, western and northern edge. In each plot 17-25 plants were planted and the distances between individuals spaced uniformly. And leaf temperature were measured by MR3-C type thermistor from 14th May through 20th August. It is seems that the upper leaf is affected by solar radiation, the lower leaf by released heat from the earth and the middle leaf by the conditions of both zones. Measuring the temperature of a leaf that is on terminal, central, left and right margins and base part, temperature of control plant in a leaf was sloped during about two hours from noon. It is noticeable as a "noon sleeping" phenomenon.henomenon.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.535-547
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• 2022

Handball sport, as its name postulates, is a team sport which highly physical workout. During a handball play, several ball impacts are applied on the hands resulting vibration in the forearm, upper arm, shoulders and in general in whole body. Hand has important role in the handball's game. So, understanding about the dynamics and some issues that improve the stability of the hand is important in the sport engineering field. Ulna and radius are two parallel bones in lower arm of human hand which their ends are located in elbow and wrist joint. The type of the joint provides the capability of rotation of the lower arm. These two bones with their ends conditions in the joints constructs a 4-link frame. The ulna is slightly thinner than radius. So, understanding about hand kinematics in handball's game is an important thing in the engineering field. So, in the current work with the aid of a multi-physics simulation, dynamic stability analysis of the ulna and radius bones will be presented in detail.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.487-495
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• 1998

In this paper, a new type of implantable middle ear hearing aid, which consists of external loop coil, a small magnet and a simple external device, is proposed. The internal device of proposed type consists of only a small magnet and the external device does not need to be positioned behind the ear or in the ear canal. The proposed type is excellent in cosmetic sides and very convenient to use, because the external device can be hidden in upper garment and collar of clothes. Also, purposely this type doesn't need to be small on the size of battery, which means it has longer battery life. Therefore, the battery is not necessary to be charged frequently. It also can solve the difficulty of gap calibration at surgical operation which conventional Implantable middle. Therefore, the battery is not necessary to be charged frequently. It also can solve the difficulty of gap calibration at surgical operation which conventional implantable middle ear hearing aid has. We investigate the performance of proposed implantable middle ear bearing aid and we analyze that proposed type is appropriate for mild and severe hearing impaired person and the result of experiment showed the accuracy of our analysis. For the validation of our analysis we used the temporal bone at the experiment and confirm that ossicles can be vibrated when the proposed system In startled in the body.