• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.831-850
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• 2021

Surface subsidence caused by mining subsidence has an impact on neighboring structures and utilities. In other words, subsurface voids created by mining or tunneling activities induce soil movement, exposing buildings to physical and/or functional destruction. Soil-structure is evaluated employing probability distribution laws to account for their uncertainty and complexity to estimate structural vulnerability. In this study, to investigate the displacement field and surface settlement profile caused by mining subsidence, on the basis of a Winklersoil model, analytical equations for the moment-rotation response ofsoil during mining induced ground movements are developed. To define the full static moment-rotation response, an equation for the uplift-yield state is constructed and integrated with equations for the uplift- and yield-only conditions. The constructed model's findings reveal that the inverse of the factor of safety (x) has a considerable influence on the moment-rotation curve. The maximal moment-rotation response of the footing is defined by X = 0:6. Despite the use of Winkler model, the computed moment-rotation response results derived from the literature were analyzed through the ELM-SVM hybrid of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Also, Monte Carlo simulations are used to apply continuous random parameters to assess the transmission of ground motions to structures. Following the findings of RMSE and R2, the results show that the choice of probabilistic laws of input parameters has a substantial impact on the outcome of analysis performed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2011

This study examines the influence of curved, steel, I-girder bridge configuration on girder end reactions and cross frame member forces during seismic events. Simply-supported bridge finite element models were created and examined under seismic events mimicking what could be experienced in AASHTO Seismic Zone 2. Bridges were analyzed using practical ranges of: radius of curvature; girder and cross frame spacings; and lateral bracing configuration. Results from the study indicated that: (1) radius of curvature had the greatest influence on seismic response; (2) interior (lowest radius) girder reactions were heavily influenced by parameter variations and, in certain instances, uplift at their bearings could be a concern; (3) vertical excitation more heavily influenced bearing and cross frame seismic response; and (4) lateral bracing helped reduce seismic effects but using bracing along the entire span did not provide additional benefit over placing bracing only in bays adjacent to the supports.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.649-651
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• 2003

In the framework of competitive electricity market, the Market Power due to the transmission congestion, lack of demand-side response, various uncertain factors etc. have been significant problem. This paper reviews the market rules of Korea power system and the uplift scheme for constrained on/off generators. Then, this paper points out several problems and the mitigation measures of local market power concerning the compensation for constrained-off generators.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2018

Tall buildings are categorized as important structures because of the large number of occupants and high construction costs. The choice of competent lateral load resisting systems in tall buildings is of crucial importance. Bracing systems have long been an economic and effective method for resisting lateral loads in steel structures. However, there are some potential adverse aspects to bracing systems such as the limitations they inflict on architectural plans, uplift forces and poor performances in compression. in order to eliminate the mentioned problems and for cost optimization, in this paper, six 20-story steel buildings and frames with different types of bracing, i.e., conventional, mega-scale and buckling-restrained bracing (BRB) were analyzed. Linear and modal push-over analyses were carried out. The results pointed out that Mega-Scale Bracing (MSB) system has significant superiority over the conventional bracing type. The MSB system is 25% more economic. Some other advantages of MSB include: up to 63% less drift ratio, up to 38% better performance in lateral displacement, up to 100% stiffer stories, and about 50% smaller uplift forces. Moreover, MSB equipped with BRB attests even a better seismic behavior in the aforementioned parameters.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.691-704
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• 2019

This study simulates the responses of large-scale bridge piers under pseudo-dynamic tests to investigate the performance of four types of numerical models that consider the nonlinear behavior of the pier and the rocking behavior of the footing. In the models, beam-column elements with plastic hinges are used for the pier, two types of foundation models (rotational spring and distributed spring models) are adopted for the footing behavior, and two types of viscous damping models (Rayleigh and dashpot models) are applied for energy dissipation. Results show that the nonlinear pier model combined with the distributed spring-dashpot foundation model can reasonably capture the behavior of the piers in the tests. Although the commonly used rotational spring foundation model adopts a nonlinear moment-rotation property that reflects the effect of footing uplift, it cannot suitably simulate the hysteretic moment-rotation response of the footing in the dynamic analysis once the footing uplifts. In addition, the piers are susceptible to cracking damage under strong seismic loading and the induced plastic response can provide contribution to earthquake energy dissipation.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.495-513
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• 2013

Thin, high-strength steel roof cladding is widely used in residential and industrial low-rise buildings and is susceptible to failure during severe wind storms such as cyclones. Current cladding design is heavily reliant on experimental testing for the determination of roof cladding performance. Further study is necessary to evolve current design standards, and numerical modelling of roof cladding can provide an efficient and cost effective means of studying the response of cladding in great detail. This paper details the development of a numerical model that can simulate the static response of corrugated roof cladding. Finite element analysis (FEA) was utilised to determine the response of corrugated cladding subject to a static wind pressure, which included the anisotropic material properties and strain-hardening characteristics of the thin steel roof cladding. The model was then validated by comparing the numerical data with corresponding experimental test results. Based on this comparison, the model was found to successfully predict the fastener reaction, deflection and the characteristics in deformed shape of the cladding. The validated numerical model was then used to predict the response of the cladding subject to a design cyclone pressure trace, excluding fatigue effects, to demonstrate the potential of the model to investigate more complicated loading circumstances.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2019

This paper illustrates the results of a series of seismic geotechnical centrifuge experiments to explore dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) of two structures (named S1 and S2) installed on ground surface. A dense homogeneous ground is prepared in an equivalent shear beam (ESB) container. Two structural models are designed to elicit soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) with different masses, heights, and dynamic characteristics. Five experimental tests are carried out for: (1) two reference responses of the two structures and (2) the response of two structures closely located at three ranges of distance. It is found that differential settlements of both structures increase and the smaller structure (S2) inversely rotates out of the other (S1) when they interact with each other. S2 structure experiences less settlement and uplift when at a close distance to the S1 structure. Furthermore, the S1 structure, which is larger one, shows a larger rocking and a smaller sliding response due to the SSSI effects, while S2 structure tends to slide more than that in the reference test, which is illustrated by an increase in sliding response and rocking stiffness as well as a decrease in moment-to-shear ratio (M/H·L) of the S2 structure.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2012

지구 지표는 암석권 내 혹은 암석권 하부의 다양한 동적 원인에 의해 수직적으로 변형될 수 있으나, 판 내부 지역에서 발생하는 다양한 수직적 지각 변형의 원인과 매커니즘을 구분해내는 일은 여전히 지구과학 분야에 있어 기초적인 도전의 영역으로 남아있다. 이러한 과학적 도전에 있어 가장 중요한 전제 조건은 다양한 지구조 환경에서의 보다 많은 대륙 지각 변형 사건들을 파악하고 시 공간적 패턴을 구분해보는 일이 될 것이다. 본 연구는 최근의 연구 성과들에 바탕하여 한반도의 신생대 신제3기 이후 융기 운동을 포함한 판 내부 대륙 지각에서 발생하는 다양한 수직적 변형 사건들의 다양한 지구역학적 요인들을 설명하고자 하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 궁극적으로 지구지표 형태와 지구 내부 활동간의 상호작용에 대한 이해는 지구 내부 활동의 다양한 신호들을 보여주는 이상적인 프리즘으로서 지표 지형의 중요성을 보여 줄 것으로 확신한다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2020

A number of unconsolidated deposits, consisting of a layer of gravels and silt, are found in Dangjeong-ri, Seocheon-gun in the western coast. From below in the stratigraphic sequence, the gravel layer ranging up to a maximum thickness of about 2 meters is interpreted as being formed by fluvial processes of an old channel (Dangjeong S.), and the overlying silt or sandy silt layer of 2 to 3 thickness meters is assumed to be emerged paleo-tidal sediments which was deposited in low tidal-energy environments. As the results of rock surface IRSL datings, the depositional ages of gravels are confirmed as ca. 78,000 ~ 83,000 years BP, indicating that the layer was formed in response to a high-stand sea level of MIS 5a along the Dangjeongcheon estuary. It is presumed that the relative height of 4.5 meter between the altitude of the stream bed (9.5 m) and the altitude of the bedrock boundary in the gravel layer (14 m) indicates the uplift amount since deposition. Paleo-sedimentary environments and an altitude of paleo-shoreline in the study area will be discussed with additional age dating focused on the silt layer.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제32권1_2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

지질-지형의 안정성을 논할 때에 가장 기본이 되는 것은 융기율이며, 융기율 산정을 위해서 가장 널리 쓰이는 방법은 해안단구의 높이를 측정하는 것이다. 해안단구는 기본적으로 해수면 높이에서 형성되는데, 현세 동안에는 해수면 높이와 해안단구의 높이 모두 불확실하다. 본 논문에서는 현세 동안의 해수면 높이, 해안단구 높이, 그리고 GPS 상시관측 결과 등을 토대로 한반도의 융기율이 지역에 따라 차이가 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. 강원도와 전라도 해안은 최소한 현세 초기 이후 대체로 안정한 것으로 보이며, 경상도 일대는 현세 중기 이후에 상당량 융기한 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 한반도에서 지역적으로 융기율의 차이가 나타나는 양상은 육괴의 분포와 연관되어 있을 가능성이 높다. 물론 이러한 육괴의 경계는 단층이므로 단층의 역할이 크겠지만, 기본적으로 지역적 융기율의 차이는 육괴 자체의 특성에 따르는 것으로 보는 것이 타당할 것이다. 그 특성은 지구조 규모의 응력에 반응하는 정도 차이, 지각 두께의 차이 등을 포함할 수 있다.