• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Weathering of bottom ash (BA) might induce change of its surface texture and pH and affect physical and chemical properties of soil associated with greenhouse gas emission, when it is applied to the arable soil. This study was conducted to determine effect of weathering of BA in mitigating emission of greenhouse gases from upland soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a field experiment, methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emitted from the soil was periodically monitored using closed chamber. Three month-weathered BA and non-weathered BA were applied to an upland soil at the rates of 0, 200 Mg ha^-1. Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown from July 1_st to Oct 8_th in 2018. Both BAs did not affect cumulative CH₄ emission. Cumulative CO₂ emission were 23.1, 19.8, and 18.8 Mg/ha/100days and cumulative N₂O emission were 35.8, 20.9, and 17.7 kg/ha/100days for the control, non-weathered BA, and weathered BA, respectively. Weathering of BA did not decrease emission of greenhouse gases significantly, compared to the weathered BA in this study. In addition, both BAs did not decrease biomass yields of maize. CONCLUSION: BA might be a good soil amendment to mitigate emissions of CO₂ and N₂O from arable soil without adverse effect on crop productivity.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2001

During the growing season from June to August, 2000, the soil NO and $N_2$O fluxes were measured to elucidate characteristics of soil nitrogen emissions from different types of intensively managed agricultural soils at outskirts of Kunsan City, located in the western inland of Korea, Flux measurements were made using a closed chamber technique at two different agricultural fields; one was made from upland field, and the other from rice paddy field. The flux data from upland field were collected for both the green onion and soybean field. Concentrations of NO and $N_2$O inside a flux chamber ar 15 minute sampling interval were measured to determine their soil emissions. Either polyethylene syringes of teflon air bags were used for gas samples of $N_2$O and NO. The analysis of NO and $N_2$O was made using a chemiluminesence NO analyzer and GC-ECD, respectively no later than few hours after sample collection at laboratory. The gas fluxes were varied more than one standard deviation around their means. Relatively high soil gas emissions occurred in the aftermoon for both NO and $N_2$O. A sub-peak for $N_2$O emission was observed in the morning period, but not in the case of NO. NO emissions from rice paddy field were much less than those from upland site. It seems that water layer over the rice paddy field prevents gases from escaping from the soil surface covered with were during the irrigation and acts as a sink of these gases. The NO fluxes resulted from these field experiments were compared to those from grass soil and they were found to be much higher. Diurnal and daily variations of NO and $N_2$O emission were discussed and correlated with the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the increase of the level of soil nitrogen availability.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 1994

1989~'93년(年)까지 5년(年)동안 답전수환시(畓田輸換時) 작부체계(作付體系)에 따른 토양(土壤) 층위별(層位別) 양분분포(養分分布)와 양분수지(養分收支)를 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같았다. 1. 질산태질소(窒酸態室素), 치환성가리(置換性加里) 및 유효인산(有效燐酸) 함량(含量)과 EC는 표층(表層) 0~20cm에서 약간 높았을뿐 토층하부(土層下部)로 이동집적(移動集積)이 적었고, 작부체계(作付體系)에 따른 표토중(表土中) 함량은 전이환(田轉換) 감자-배추>2년 수환(輸換) 감자-배추>전전환(田轉換) 대두(大豆)>수도연작구(水稻連作區) 순(順)으로 높아 처리별(處理別) 시비량을 반영(反影)하였다. 2. 치환성(置換性) 석회(石灰)와 고토(苦土) 함량 및 pH는 심토(深土)로 갈수록 높아졌고, 이러한 경향은 특히, 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에서 현저(顯著)하였다. 작부체계(作付體系)에 따라서는 전(全) 토층(土層)에서 전전환(田轉換) 대두(大豆)>전전환(田轉換) 감자배추>2년(年) 윤환(輪換) 감자-배추>수도연작구(水稻連作區) 순(順)이었고 처리별 식물체 흡수량(吸收量) 차이가 크게 영향하였다. 3. 전전환(田轉換) 감자-배추구(區)에서 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里)의 양분수지(養分收支)는 투입량(投入量)보다 탈취량(奪取量)(흡수량)이 각각(各各) 21.5, 26.8, 9.2kg/10a 많았으나 투입량(投入量)중 화학비료량(化學肥料量)은 질소(室素)와 가리(加里)의 경우 탈취량(奪取量)에 비해 적었던 반면 인산(燐酸)은 많았다. 4. 전전환(田轉換) 대두구(大豆區)의 양분수지(養分收支)는 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里) 각각(各各) -12.8, 4.1, -1.0kg/10a로 질소(窒素)와 가리(加里)의 투입량(投入量)이 탈취량(奪取量)보다 적었으나 질소(窒素)는 근류균(根瘤菌)의 질소고정(窒素固定)으로 결핍되지 않았던 반면 가리(加里)는 생육중기(生育中期)에 결핍증상(缺乏症狀)을 나타내었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.5-11
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• 1978

Since 1970, herbicides have been widely used in the crop production, especially in paddy field in Korea. In 1978, both preemergence and postemergence type herbicides are applied in the approximately 70% of total paddy field and 15% of upland to control weeds. Most herbicides control annual weeds effectively, but perennials have been problems in the paddy field. Under upland conditions, effectiveness of herbicides varies depending on many environmental conditions (soil moisture, soil physical properties, temperature, etc.) as well as uniform application of appropriate amounts of herbicides. In Korea, many research works have been concentrated on the screening of new herbicides in terms of herbicide effectiveness and yield or phytotoxicity of crops, and especially on the paddy field. However, physiological aspects of herbicidal action in plant and interaction of herbicides with the environments have not been studied approximately. Therefore, researches on the uptake of herbicides and the influence of herbicides on the physiological phenomena such as photosynthesis, respiration, nutrient uptake etc., to control troublesome perennial weeds in the paddy field are needed in future. Also some researches are needed to improve effectiveness of herbicirdes under upland conditions.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.41-46
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• 1999

In the practice , ET was mainly estimated by Blaney-Criddle or FAO Penman method. But these methods were found to frequently overestimate ET. And calculation of effective rainfall by empirical formula is hardly to explain drop property and soil texture. Since 1990, FAO recommended the adoption of Penman-Moneteith combination method as a new standard for reference ET. Purpose of this study is establish new estimate method of upland crop requirements. We asopt P-M method to estimate ET and set up soil moisture balance equation to equation to calculate effective rainfall and irrigation water requirements. We expect that this new method rise efficiency to upland water management.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1998년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.65-70
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• 1998

Soil moisture measuring is important for irrigation scheduling of upland crops, estimation of evapotranspiration, and hydrologic modeling. Hence, the comparative study was implemented for the soil moisture measuring instruments, Neutron probe and TDR with soil sampling methods, and the result was represented.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Impact of incorporating hairy vetch into soil on mitigating nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from maize field in South Korea has not been investigated, whereas impacts on soil properties and nutrients for crops have been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine N₂O emission from upland soil incorporated with hairy vetch for one year in maize field. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hairy vetch was grown in an upland soil from November, 2017 to May, 2018 and incorporated into soil on May 25 of 2018. Control and conventional treatment (NPK) were included for comparison. Gas samples were collected weekly for a year to examine N₂O emissions from the soil. Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer stimulated N₂O emission in short term resulting in the greatest cumulative N₂O emission in NPK (6.72 kg N₂O ha^-1) compared to the control (4.04 kg N₂O ha^-1) and hairy vetch-incorporated field (5.43 kg N₂O ha^-1), and the greatest yield of maize from NPK, because total N input was much greater by NPK (186 N kg ha^-1) than by hairy vetch (81.6 N kg ha^-1). CONCLUSION: Incorporation of hairy vetch reduced N₂O emissions from the maize compared to the NPK-treated field. However, further research on improving crop productivity with incorporation of hairy vetch is needed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2002

본 연구는 토양손실 추정 모형인 RUSLE를 이용하여 안성천의 평택수위관측소 (건교부)를 중심으로한 유역의 토양손실량 및 유실된 토사의 이동경로를 분석하고자 하였다. 모형의 입력자료로 사용되는 지형정보 자료를 RS와 G1S 기법을 이용하여 구축함으로써 RUSLE 모형의 적용성을 평가하였다. 과거에 비하여 다양한 토지피복 형태가 변화된 안성천 유역(583.9 km)에 대하여 Landsat MSS 및 TM 위성자료를 이용하여 토지피복 변화에 대한 GIS 입력자료를 구축하였다. 강우자료는 2개의 강우 관측소의 1993년부터 2000년까지의 연평균 강우자료를 surface interpolation을 수행하여 지점강우를 공간강우로서 변환하여 구축하며 토양손실량을 산정하였다. 그 결과 1990년에 비하여 2000년의 토양손실변화는 25.3 ㎢ 줄어든 산림지역의 토양손실량은 3751.2 ton/yr 감소한 반면, 22.5 km 늘어난 밭지역의 토양손실량은 5395.4 tou/yr 증가하였다. 따라서, 산림지역은 1.1배의 면적감소에 대하여 1.2배의 토양손실량이 감소된 반면, 밭지역은 1.3배의 면적증가에 대하여 4.4배의 토양손실량의 증가를 보여 밭지역이 토양손실량 변화 에 민감함을 확인할 수 있었고, 유역 전체의 토양손실량은 5.4 kg/㎡/yr로 증가하였다.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of NPS(non point source) pollution reduction of sediment traps through field experiments. Various sizes of 4 sediment traps were applied in a upland field located in Gunwi and assessed the infiltration and storage effects as well as NPS pollution reduction effects of this technique. The characteristics of deposited soil in the sediment traps were also analyzed including distribution of particle size, soil texture, and chemical properties. The results showed that slightly different composition of soil particle size from each sediment trap with high proportion of 0.15mm and 0.25mm ranges of soil particle diameters, while the loamy sand is the main types of deposited soils in the sediment traps. Decreased NPS pollution were observed from the water quality analysis of the samples taken from the sediment traps. Further research need to be proceeded continuously to improve this technique in order to utilize on upland fields for management of agricultural NPS pollutions.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2014

토양 수분과 실험 조건에 따른 Clothianidin의 토양 중 분해 및 잔류 특성의 변화를 비교 평가하고자 동일 지역 논 및 밭포장에서 토양잔류성 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 동일포장에서 채취한 토양을 대상으로 실험실 조건에서 토양 및 수중 잔류성 실험을 병행하였다. 논 및 밭포장에는 Clothianidin 8% 수용성입제(SG)를 600L/10a(0.024kg a.i./10a) 수준으로 전면 살포하였고 실험실 조건에서는 Clothianidin 표준용액을 0.25 mg/kg 수준이 되도록 점적 처리한 후, 경시적으로 토양 중 Clothianidin 및 주요 분해산물 TZMU, TZNG, MNG, TMG, MAI의 잔류량 변화를 조사하였다. Clothianidin의 토양 중 소실 양상은 포장 및 실험실 조건 모두에서 다중 1차 감쇄반응의 경향을 현저히 나타내었다. 총 Clothianidin을 기준으로 한 토양 중 반감기는 포장조건의 논 및 밭토양에서 각각 6.7-16.1일 및 6.9-8.2일 범위였으며 실험실 조건에서는 각각 56.3일 및 19.6일로 산출되었다. 포장조건에서의 토양 중 주요 분해산물로는 논토양에서 TZNG, TMG, MAI와 밭토양에서 TZMU와 MAI가 검출되어 다소 상이한 경향을 나타내었으나, 실험실조건에서는 논 및 밭토양 모두에서 TMG와 MAI가 주요 분해산물로 확인되었다. 수중잔류성 시험에서 Clothianidin의 토양수 중 반감기는 4.8일이었으며, TZMU가 주요 분해 대사산물로 조사되었다. 분해산물의 잔류 수준은 TZNG와 TZMU의 경우 약제처리 초기에 빠른 속도로 생성되었다가 급격히 감소되었던 반면, TMG와 MAI의 경우에는 지속적인 수준을 유지하였다. 약제처리 24일 후 포장 및 실험실조건에서 모화합물은 각각 80% 및 50%이상이 분해되었으며 그 이후 총 Clothianidin 잔류량의 대부분은 분해산물에 의한 것으로 평가되었다.