• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Upgrading technology has been studied for efficient utilization of low rank coal. Spray coating of heavy oil was applied on the upgrading process in order to stabilize low rank coal against spontaneous combustion. Low rank coal, which contains more than 30wt% of moisture, was upgraded to high calorific coal and stabilized by spray coating of heavy oil. It was identified that spray coating of heavy oil after drying coal is the optimum procedure of upgrading low rank coal. The experimental results show that more than 2wt% of heavy oil should be adsorbed on the coal in order to stabilize sufficiently for spontaneous combustion.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

By converting movable indirect mass chest X-ray devices for vehicles into digital systems and upgrading it to share information with the hospital's medical image information system, excellencies have been confirmed as a result of installing and running this type of system and are listed hereinafter. 1. Upgrading analog systems, such as indirect mass chest X-ray devices dependent on printed film, to digital systems allows them to be run and managed much more efficiently, contributing to the increase in the stability and the efficiency of the system. 2. Unlike existing images, communication based on DICOM standards allow images to be compatible with the hospital's outer and inner network PACS systems, extending the scope of the radiation departments information system. 3. Assuming chest-exclusive indirect mass chest X-rays, a linked development of CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis, Detector) becomes possible. 4. By applying wireless Internet, Web-PACS for movable indirect mass chest X-ray devices for vehicles will become possible. Research in these fields must continue and if the superior image quality and convenience of digital systems are confirmed, I believe that the conversion of systems still dependent on analog images to modernized digital systems is a must.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.381-387
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• 2018

Our study focuses on upgrading real biogas obtained under Indian scenario using carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology to remove carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and utilize it by forming metal carbonate. Amines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to rapidly convert gaseous $CO_2$ to aqueous $CO_2$, and $BaCl_2$ was used as an additive to react with the aqueous $CO_2$ and rapidly precipitating the aqueous $CO_2$. All experiments were conducted at $25^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. We analyzed the characteristics of the $BaCO_3$ precipitates using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy - Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. The precipitates exhibited witherite morphology confirmed by the XRD results, and FT-IR confirmed that the metal salt formed was $BaCO_3$, and EDS showed that there were no traces of impurities present in it. The quantity of the $BaCO_3$ was larger when formed with DEA. Also, a comparison was done with a previous study of ours conducted in Korean conditions. Finally, we observed that the carbonate obtained using real biogas showed similar properties to carbonates available in the market. An economic analysis was done to show the cost effectiveness of the method employed by us.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.307-310
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• 2010

The research for production of jet fuel from petroleum displacement resources such as bio-mass, coal, natural gas mainly consists of three sub-research areas; the fisrt step is the pretreatment for producing a synthetic gas, and the next step is the Fischer-Trophsh reaction process for making hydrocarbons. The last is the upgrading technology for the hydrocarbons to fit a jet fuel specification via cracking and isomerization reactions. This talk presents reaserch trends and main technologies for production of jet fuel derived from petroleum displacement resources.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.64-70
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• 2022

In recent years, with the continuous innovation and upgrading of engine software, the real-time rendering technology in film and television has been continuously improved, and the virtual production technology has also developed rapidly. This paper introduces the green screen often used in traditional film production and a virtual production technology based on light-emitting-diode background wall that was proposed and implemented last year. We analyzed the two production methods of virtual production and compared their characteristics. Based on these results, we can better understand the differences and respective advantages of the two production methods. And we also can according to the production budget, production cycle and the creative and technical capabilities of the team make better choices during the production process. We believe virtual production technology will be production in the future to provide a more solid technical guarantee for the development of the film industry, and this work will pave the way for further research on virtual production technology.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.129-149
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• 2018

Technology finance is an area in which financial authorities have introduced and implemented a strong policy will for the advancement of the financial industry and the development of SMEs. As a result, the Bank's own technology evaluation was conducted from September 2016. Technically superior companies are upgrading their credit ratings, and as a result, they benefit from financial transactions as much as their higher credit ratings through technology evaluation. Based on the data generated during this process, we analyze the degree to which credit ratings was upgraded by technology evaluation. The pre study handles 406 data from KEB Hana Bank's technology evaluation conducted in the second half of 2016. As a result of combining the credit rating with the calculated technology rating, J58 'Publishing Activities' technology-credit rating is raised by 1.05 rating, which is the highest, and C10 'Manufacture of Food Products' is the second highest. As a result, we were able to identify the sectors that benefited from the technology evaluation and confirmed the usefulness of technology evaluation by industry(KSIC). To expanding the study, 2,719 companies evaluated during the entire period were analyzed by technology grade, business experience and promising growth industry code. As a result of the analysis, technological power over T-4 grade companies had the highest credit rating upgrades. The companies belonging to promising growth industries designated for efficiency of policy support, it is confirm that the support of the promising business type was useful because the credit grade was upgraded through technology evaluation. The validity of the technology evaluation based on the five-year business experience was found to be insignificant. In the future, it will be possible to maximize the support effect by concentration on the companies with over T-4 grade and growth potential companies when supporting SMEs.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

Biogas production and utilization are an emerging alternative energy technology. Biogas is produced from the biological breakdown of organic matter through anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be utilized for various energy sectors such as space heating, electricity generation and vehicle fuel. Especially, to be utilized as vehicle fuel, raw biogas needs to be upgraded that is mainly the removal of carbon dioxide to increase the methane content up to more than 95 ~ 97 vol% in some cases, similar to the composition of fossil-based natural gas. Usage of Biogas as a fuel of vehicles have an effect of reducing $CO_2$ emission compared to fossil fuels. Biomethane which is produced by upgrading of biogas is regarded as a good alternative energy and usage of clean energy is encouraged to deal with air pollution and waste management as well as production of clean energy. Recently, biogas projects for vehicle fuel are newly being launched and Korea government have also announced a plan for investment to develop biogas as a transport fuel. In this study, it is aimed to examine the potential feasibility of biomethane as a transport fuel. As a results, the status of biomethane, quality standard, quality characteristics, and upgrading technology of biogas were investigated to evaluate of biogas as a vehicle fuel of transportation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

Recently, with development of core technology for supertall building construction projects, the need for an improvement of the related legal system is increasing dramatically. Therefore, the supertall Buildings R&DB Center, which is funded by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime affairs (MLTM), is studying the legal system for supertall buildings. This research, as one part of the 1st year research results, aimed at studying supertall building project related issues and problems to develop supertall building elements, and conducting an importance-performance analysis (IPA) of these elements in order to conclude a strategy and direction for an improvement of the related legal system. A total of 68 supertall building elements were derived, and the IPA method was used to analyze these elements based on attribute types. Furthermore, an improvement strategy and directions were suggested for upgrading the legal system related to supertall buildings to the level of global standards. These efforts can be the base for advancing the legal systems of the domestic construction industry in all areas, including supertall building construction.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2019

Hydrotreating catalysis refers to a various hydrogenation which saturate an unsaturated hydrocarbon, together with removing heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and trace metals from different petroleum streams in a refinery. Most refineries include at least three hydrotreating units for upgrading naphtha, middle distillates, gas oils, intermediate process streams, and/or residue. Among them, hydrotreating catalysis for residue are the core of the process, because of its complexity. This article reviews recent progress in tackling the issues found in the upgrading residues by hydrotreating, focusing on the chemistry of hydrodemetallization (HDM) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS). We also discuss the composition and functions of hydrotreating catalysts, and we highlight areas for further improvement.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2019

Spent coffee is one of biomass sources to be converted into bio-oil. However, the bio-oil should be further upgraded to achieve a higher quality bio-oil because of its high oxygen content. Deoxygenation under hydrotreating using different catalysts (catalytic hydrodeoxygenation; HDO) is considered as one of the promising methods for upgrading bio-oil from pyrolysis by removal of O-containing groups. In this study, the HDO of spent coffee bio-oil, which was collected from fast pyrolysis of spent coffee ($460^{\circ}C$, $2.0{\times}U_{mf}$), was carried out in an autoclave. The product yields were 72.16 ~ 96.76 wt% of bio-oil, 0 ~ 18.59 wt% of char, and 3.24 ~ 9.25 wt% of gas obtained in 30 min at temperatures between $250^{\circ}C$ and $350^{\circ}C$ and pressure in the range of 3 to 9 bar. The highest yield of bio-oil of 97.13% was achieved at $250^{\circ}C$ and 3 bar, with high selectivity of D-Allose. The carbon number distribution of the bio-oil was analyzed based on the concept of simulated distillation. The $C_{12}{\sim}C_{14}$ fraction increased from 22.98 wt% to 27.30 wt%, whereas the $C_{19}{\sim}C_{26}$ fraction decreased from 24.74 wt% to 17.18 wt% with increasing reaction time. Bio-oil yields were slightly decreased when the HZSM-5 catalyst and dolomite were used. The selectivity of CO was increased at the HZSM-5 catalyst and decreased at the dolomite.