• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.283-296
• /
• 2012

The natural convection in a horizontal enclosure heated from the bottom wall, cooled at the top wall, and having a square adiabatic body in the center is studied. Three different Prandtl numbers (0.01, 0.7 and 7) are considered for the investigation of the effect of the Prandtl number on natural convection. Adiabatic boundary conditions are employed for the side walls. A two-dimensional solution for unsteady natural convection is obtained, using an accurate and efficient Chebyshev spectral methodology for different Rayleigh numbers varying over the range of $10_3$ to $10_6$. It had been experimentally reported that the heat transfer mode becomes oscillatory when Pr is out of a specific Pr band beyond the critical Ra. In this study, we reproduced this phenomenon numerically. It was found that when Ra=$10_6$, only the case for intermediate Pr (=0.7) reached a non-changing steady state and the low and high Pr number cases (Pr=0.01 and 7) showed a periodically oscillatory fashion hydrodynamically and thermally. The variation of time- and surface-averaged Nusselt numbers on the hot and cold walls for different Rayleigh numbers and Prandtl numbers are presented to show the overall heat transfer characteristics in the system. Further, the isotherms and streamline distributions are presented in detail to compare the physics related to their thermal behavior.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1122-1127
• /
• 2004

an isolated droplet combustion exposed to pressure perturbations in stagnant gaseous environment is numerically conducted. Governing equations are solved for flow parameters at gas and liquid phases separately and thermodynamic parameters at the interfacial boundary are matched for problem closure. For high-pressure effects, vapor-liquid interfacial thermodynamics is rigorously treated. A series of parametric calculations in terms of mean pressure level and wave frequencies are carried out employing a n-pentane droplet in stagnant gaseous air. Results show that the operating pressure and driving frequency have an important role in determining the amplitude and phase lag of a combustion response. Mass evaporation rate responding to pressure waves is amplified with increase in pressure due to substantial reduction in latent heat of vaporization. Phase difference between pressure and evaporation rate decreases due to the reduced thermal inertia at high pressure. In addition to this, augmentation of perturbation frequency also enhances amplification of vaporization rate because the time period for the pressure oscillation is much smaller than the liquid thermal inertia time. The phase of evaporation rate shifts backward due to the elevated thermal inertia at high acoustic frequency.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2005

이선형 플런지 스프링을 가지는 2차원 단면 익형 모델에 대하여 초음속 비선형 공탄성 해석을 수행하였다. 초음속 비정상 공기력 계산을 위해 DPM을 사용하였고 최소상태접근법을 사용하여 근사하였다. 비선형 플러터 해석을 위해 구조 비선형성을 비대칭 이선형 스프링으로 모델링하고 기술 함수 법을 사용하여 선형화하였다. 선형 및 비선형 플러터 해석 결과들은 공력탄성학적 특성들이 주파수 비에 중요한 영향을 받는다는 것을 보여준다. 비선형 플러터 해석으로부터 다양한 제한 주기 운동이 선형플러터 속도 이하 또는 이상에서 관측되었다. 또한 플러터 특성과 응답을 시간영역에서도 조사하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.579-584
• /
• 2005

Unsteady state free natural gas jets injected from several types of injectors were numerically simulated. Simulations showed good agreements with the schlieren experimental results. Moreover, injections of natural gas in intake manifolds of a single-valve engine and a double-valve engine were predicted as well. Predictions revealed that large volumetric injections of natural gas in intake manifolds led to strong impingement of natural gas with the intake valves, which as a result, gave rise to pronounced backward reflection of natural gas towards the inlets of intake manifolds, together with significant increase in pressure in intake manifold. Based on our simulations, we speculated that for engines with short intake manifolds, reflections of the mixture of natural gas and air were likely to approach the inlets of intake manifolds and subsequently be inbreathed into other cylinders, resulting in non-uniform mixture distributions between the cylinders. For engines with long intake manifolds, inasmuch as the degrees of intake interferences between the cylinders were not identical in light of the ignition sequences, non-uniform intake charge distributions between the cylinders would occur.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.821-825
• /
• 2005

Tilt rotor aircraft was developed for satisfying VSTOL (vertical short take off and landing) capability and cruise performance. However the noise generated by tilt rotor system causes one of the most serious problems. In this paper, noise characteristics of tilt rotor system in hovering flight are predicted by using free wake method and Lowson's formula. The flow field of the tilt rotor is simulated by using time marching free wake method, and the free field acoustic pressure is calculated through Lowson's formula. The predicted results are compared with experimental data at various observing positions. In the near field, they show good agreement with experimental data regardless of rotating speed and collective pitch angles of 6, 8 and 10 degree, although there are some discrepancies between prediction and experiment in the far field and at the rotating axis in the near field. It seems that the reason of these discrepancies is difference of unsteady force fluctuation between experiment and calculation.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2016

This paper handled an investigation on the turbulent flow characteristics of three-dimensional small-size axial fan(SSAF) according to operating loads. Also, it was carried out by unsteady-state, incompressible and three-dimensional large eddy simulation(LES). The downstream flow type of SSAF is changed from axial flow to radial flow around the beginning of stall region at the aerodynamic performance curve. Axial mean velocity component largely grows around blade tip at the operating point of A to D, but transverse and vertical mean velocity components as well as Reynolds shear stresses highly develop around blade tip at the operating point of E to H. On the other hand, the peak value of turbulent kinetic energy developed around blade tip shows the highest at the operating point of E.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2006

Recently air pollution has become an important issue. So, as tile number of vehicles increases, the noise pollution has become one of the most serious social issues nowadays. It is a muffler, which is one of the vehicle components. that has the hugest impact on the noise from the vehicle. And it also has a direct influence on the engine performance. So lately the research is proceeding on tile semi-active muffler which can control the back pressure variably by setting up the exhaust variable valve in the baffle to improve its internal structure. The inner parts of muffler which consist of a baffle, pipes and etc. appear to have the complicated turbulence phenomena by the pulsational wave of an unsteady state in the engine and by the structural characteristics of the inner parts. To analyze these phenomena, it is required to have an analysis of its constant quantity and quality. Therefore this study is to analyze with PIV measurement which can analyze the time and space variables, not with the point measurement method like former multi-point anemometer. It is to suggest proper design variables which need to make internal structure of the muffler improve though comparison between the passive type muffler and the semi-active muffler by fabricating a muffler which can be visualized.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2013

Adsorption of melamine was examined using columns packed with granular activated carbon (GAC). Raw GAC was sieved with 20, 40, 60 and 80 mesh to determine the influence of adsorbent particle size on reaction and diffusion. The mass ratio of the adsorption capacity of GAC for melamine ranged from 9.19 to 11.06%, and adsorption rates increased with decreasing particle size within this range. Rate constants between 3.295 ~ 4.799 $min^{-1}$ were obtained using a pseudofirst-order equation that was used to determine adsorption kinetics. A surface diffusion model was adapted to take into account the unsteady-state equation of a spherical adsorbent by converting the surface concentration from a constant to a variable governed by a dispersion equation. The calculated values were fit with the experimental results by using the diffusion coefficients as regression parameters. The modified equation exhibited a more precise agreement with respect to the sum of the absolute error (SAE).

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2004

The performance of a centrifugal compressor composed of an impeller, tandem diffuser rows and axial guide vanes has been predicted numerically and compared with available experimental results on its design rotational speed. The pitchwise-averaged mixing plane method was employed for the boundaries between rotor and stator to obtain steady state solutions. The overall characteristics showed difference according to the relative positions of tandem diffuser rows while the characteristics of impeller showed almost identical result. The numerical results agree with the measured data in respect of their tendency. It turned out that $0\%$ of relative positions is the worst case in terms of static pressure recovery and efficiency. According to the experimental results, some pressure fluctuations and malfunction of the compressor were observed for $75\%$ case. However, this numerical calculation using mixing plane method did not capture any of those phenomena. Thus, unsteady flow calculation should be performed to investigate the stability of the compressor caused by different diffuser configuration.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1991년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 1991

In this study an the development of the heat flux sensor with thermocouple, the heat-treated adhesive type film nickel gauge(Ni-Gauge) for measuring temperature was used. and this Ni-Gauge is not only comparable for platinum gauge(Pt-Gauge) in linearity, but also economically cheap. And from this viewpoint. numerical analysis is essential to investigate charateristics of sensor, since this analysis is capable of simulating precise boudary condition and practical conditions and so on. By the way. there are many types of heat flux sensor. of which adhesive type flux sensor is common, in the study this type of heat flux sensor was chogen. and analysis of the sensor is considered as a kind of open cavity figure. performed by SIMPLER algorithm. As a result. through temperature distributial of the sensor by numerical analysis in steady and unsteady state, the dracteristics of the acdhesive type heat flux sensor(lst heat flux sensor) acooodinge to heat flux, that is, outvoltage, sensitivity. and responsibilty could be evaluated. in addition, time of improved heat flux sensor(2nd heat flux sensor) could be predicted fran the reflectian of proper operating temperature(l50 $^{\circ}C$)of theNi-Gauge.