• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.381-403
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• 1998

As a researcher engaged in the mathematical education, mathematics teachers are interested in instructional methods. While it is unlikely that the viewpoints of individual mathematics teachers are reflected in making decisions on instructional purposes and instructional contents, a good many parts of instructional methods on mathematical facts are decided by individual teachers. This means that the role of mathematics teachers is given much weight in the mathematical education. Therefore, the mathematics teachers must not be excluded in all parts of the study of mathematical education. We studied the instructional methods of function concept, a central topic in school mathematics from the following perspectives. First, we examined the characteristics of the three(correspondence-centered, middle, dependence centered) viewpoints about the essence of function concept. And we should that which of them should be the viewpoint of instruction of function concept in school mathematics. Second, we investigated the questions regarding the process of function instruction in school mathematics and presented alternative instruction methods of function concept to solve the questions. Third, we postulated the importance of polynomial function, relating college mathematics in order to present the reason why the polynomial function is importantly treated in functional instruction of school mathematics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.579-584
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• 1999

The trace mineral status of cattle in the smallholder grazing areas of Sanyati and Chinamhora in Zimbabwe was evaluated during the rainy and dry seasons of 1994 and 1995. The evaluation was done in terms of mineral concentration in blood plasma. Plasma copper in calves, steers and cows in the dry season was; Sanyati: 0.55, 0.59, and 0.61; Chinamhora: 0.59, 0.58, and $0.60{\mu}g/ml$, respectively versus a normal of $0.65{\mu}g/ml$. In the rainy season, copper was deficient at both sites (averaging $0.56{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.59{\mu}g/ml$ at Sanyati and Chinamhora, respectively). Plasma selenium in the dry season was 0.017, 0.025, and $0.017{\mu}g/ml$ for calves, steers and cows, respectively at Sanyati versus a normal of $0.03{\mu}g/ml$ and therefore considered to be deficient. Iron, zinc and cobalt were found to be generally high and therefore unlikely to be deficient. Copper and selenium are recommended in salt licks in these environments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5691-5694
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• 2012

Ectopic expression of CDX2 in the stomach is closely associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and intestinal metaplasia. Whether CDX2 has tumor suppression or tumorigenesis potential remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the association between the CDX2 G543C polymorphism (silent mutation) and the risk for H. pylori-induced gastric atrophy and cancer as well as H. pylori infection, using 454 Japanese subjects undergoing a health checkup and 202 gastric cancer patients. The frequency of the minor allele was the same as previously reported in China, but different from that reported in England. CDX2 G543C was not associated with risk of H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, or gastric cancer, although the point estimate for non-cardiac differentiated gastric cancer as compared to controls with gastric atrophy was 2.22 (95%CI=0.17-29.4). In conclusion, our results indicate that the CDX2 G543C polymorphism is unlikely to affect the H. pylori infection-gastric atrophy-gastric cancer sequence.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2016

The detection of foreign bodies in the upper-aerodigestive tract is a fairly frequent event and can occur in various areas and for various reasons. In rare cases, foreign bodies can simulate a neoplasia. We evaluated similar cases during emergency regimen with an oral cavity mucosal lesion, causing lockjaw, sore throat, dysphagia, and swelling of the submandibular and laterocervical region. Physical examination revealed an extensive mucosal ulceration in the floor of the mouth and the lateral surface of the tongue, comparable to oral cancer. During a second, more accurate assessment, a partially deteriorated iron supplement tablet was found embedded in a mucosal pocket. After removing the tablet, gradual normalization of the tissue was observed without any sequelae. This is one of the many reasons why it is advisable and useful in cases of oral lesions to collect a detailed medical history and to perform an accurate clinical evaluation, including inspection and palpation of the lesion, before proceeding to further diagnostic assessments, especially in elderly patients taking many medications. However unlikely, it is possible that difficulty in swallowing pills or tablets could generate tumorlike lesions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.928-932
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• 2002

Perinatal atrial flutter is a potentially lethal arrhythmia. Management of this disorder is difficult and controversial. Fetal atrial flutter is a serious and life threatening rhythm disorder particulary when it causes hydrops; it may be associated with fetal death or neurological damage. Although the initial episode of flutter may be difficult to control, recurrence of atrial flutter after successful resolution of the arrhythmia seems highly unlikely and long-term prognosis is excellent. We experienced a case of a atrial flutter diagnosed in utero at $38^{+6}$ weeks' gestation by fetal cardiac echocardiography. He was treated with maternal digoxin, but he continued to have atrial flutter until delivery. Restoration of sinus rhythm occured with propafenone therapy in this patient after failure of initial digoxin therapy and direct current cardioversion.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.9
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• pp.1-23
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• 2000

Osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by reduced bone mineral density, deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue and increased risk of fracture. The aim of treatment of osteoporosis is to maintain and, ideally, to restore bone strength safely. In recent years the role of polypeptide growth factors in bone metabolism has begun to appear. It has been proposed that alterations in the expression or production of growth factor can modulate the proliferation and activity of bone forming cells. Thus, the role of structurally diverse peptides for the management and diagnosis of osteoporosis has attracted the attention of many investigators. This paper reviews numerous findings concerning the use of polypeptides, hormones, and growth factors, for the management of osteoporosis. Many of the compounds mentioned here are experimental prototypes of new therapeutic classes. Though it is unlikely that some of the compounds may ever be used clinically, development of safe and efficacious agents in each class will define the future course of therapy for osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2004

It was amazing that efficiency of bureaucratic system, when Marx Weber presented theory of bureaucracy. Now, Government and Bureaucratic organization are confronted with a forked road of change. The purpose of this paper is not so much to force choices among the alternative visions of governance but rather to make the choices available to governments more evident. Any choice of paradigms for government and administration is unlikely to be Pareto optimal, but we should be clear about what we receive and what we sacrifice when we make these judgements about governance. Today, government and public bureaucracy must be changed. There are needed an innovation of government and public bureaucracy. It must be changed concepts from government to governance. Governance is a national management.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

Three cases of simple exanthematous eruption were suspected during Sumsu (Bufonis Venenum) pharmacopuncture (SP) topical anesthesia for acupotomy. Patients had skin rash with pruritus on both ankle, posterior neck, and left shoulder after 11, 12, and 7 times of SP treatment, respectively. There were no cases of systemic manifestations or changes in vital signs. As a result of using the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) causality assessment, all the cases were evaluated as 'unlikely'. However, the results of using the Korean algorithm for assessing the causality of drug adverse reactions version 2.0 were evaluated as 'possible'. This report is the first case report on adverse events suspected of occurring after SP treatment. Although the causal relationship between suspected intervention and the adverse event is not clear, there was a difficulty in completely excluding the possibility. Additional safety studies will be required to make SP more widely available.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.40.2-40.2
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• 2013

Although galaxy mergers are thought to play an important role in forming elliptical galaxies, mergers in galaxy clusters have drawn less attention compared to mergers in field environments because galaxies with high peculiar velocities are unlikely to merge with each other. However, comparable fractions of merger features in cluster galaxies have been reported from deep imaging of Abell clusters, suggesting the relevance of mergers in the transformation of cluster early-type galaxies (Sheen et al. 2012). As a more direct approach to understanding the origin of tidal features in clusters, we perform hydrodynamic re-simulations on a cluster of galaxies. Based on mock observation images of the simulated cluster galaxies, we construct and analyze the cluster early-type galaxy sample in a consistent manner with Sheen et al. 2012. We find that the fraction of tidal feature from the simulated cluster is comparable to that of the observation. Evolutionary history of the galaxies with merger features shows that most of the mergers responsible for the merger features in the present originate from outside the cluster more than 2Gyrs ago. We also find that many of the galaxies with tidal features show correlations with subgroups in the cluster. All these results suggest that merger features in the cluster are due to preprocessing before accretion into the cluster.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.44.1-44.1
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• 2013

We investigate the origin of radio emission in nearby early-type galaxies using the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.4 GHz. The sample included NGC 1277, which was found to have an over-massive black hole of $1.7{\times}10^{10}M_{\odot}$, and four other early-type galaxies in the Perseus cluster. All the sources were detected above $5{\sigma}$. They show compact radio cores and high brightness temperatures, $10^7{\sim}10^9K$, which implies that radio emission in these objects is non-thermal. While the observed radio luminosities could be consistent with star formation (${\sim}1M_{\odot}yr^{-1}$), the small source size would imply a specific star formation rate (sSFR) of ${\sim}10^6M_{\odot}yr^{-1}kpc^{-2}$. Such a high sSFR rules out ongoing star formation. Supernovae (SNe) are ruled out as well because it is unlikely that we see SNe in all galaxies at the same time, and there is no significant radio variability either. The most plausible scenario is that these galaxies show low luminosity AGN activity in the radio, although there is no sign of AGN activity in other bands. If our interpretation is correct, then regular early-type galaxies may harbor active AGN more often than suspected from observations at other wavelengths.