• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.31-53
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• 2015

This study analyzed the factors having an influence on married woman's childbirth abandonment based on the 2011 materials (the 4th year) of PSKC (Panel Study on Korean Children), KICCE (Korea Institute of Child Care and Education). The analysis showed a few results. First, 'educational expenses for children' and 'physical hardship' were the factors having a major influence on the abandonment of another childbirth. Second, there was some difference in the reason for the abandonment of another childbirth according to the current number of children. That is, women with one child gave up another childbirth because of 'hardship to juggle child-care and work', while women with two children showed 'child-care costs' as a more important reason for the abandonment of childbirth. Third, 'age' and 'instrumental value of children' also had an influence on the abandonment of childbirth. Fourth, there was some difference in the factors having an influence on childbirth abandonment according to the current number of children. The research found that the community child-care environment such as 'leisure and cultural facilities' influenced the women with one child, and maternal psychological factor such as 'marital conflicts' influenced the women with two children in their abandonment of another childbirth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between life style and health status of the staffs of an elementary school to understand exercise practices and life styles and to analyze the self-efficacy and the factors that affect it concerning walking exercise. The subjects were m9 staff member of the 10 elementary school in Seoul and materials were collected through an organized examination table from October, 1999 to May 2000. The people health awareness table was used as a variable for life style, the 13 questionnaires made of a 5 points measure was for the self efficacy concerning walking exercise. The data was analyzed through a statistics package made of a Chisquare-test, t-test, ANOVA and a regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; 1) 50% of the staffs were practicing regular exercise, 3/4 of them practiced walking, jogging and mountain climbing that don't need equipment and exercise frequency was 1-2 times per week 64%. of the time and exercise span was under 30 minutes in 38%, the highest 2) The average of self-efficacy concerning walking exercise was 3.6 points but the answers "I can walk enough to be in a sweat", "I can walk according to my exercise plan" were relatively low. 3) The explanation degree of the Model was 14% in a regression analysis between self efficacy concerning walking exercise and as a dependent variable for a regular walking exercise plan, regular health examination, routine health status, and breakfast might serve as an explanation degree. According to the results of this study, the suggestions were as follows: 1) The chronic invalid was not enough in the change of life style after chronic disease, most of all, it need the awareness of change, of active health education and of public information for health promotion action practice through the prohibition of smoking, abstinence from drink, exercise and nutritional balance. 2) Concrete practice program enlargement is needed to enhance related walking exercise or of a type lecture meeting for subjects who have a positive attitude about walking exercise plans. 3) A program that can actively recommend a health promotion life style is needed when we make allowance for those who have an ordinarily healthy life style and show a high walking exercise self-efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.150-167
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• 1991

The intent of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the change of the mother - infant interactions over the periods of one month, three months and six months of the infant's age. This study is also intended to explore the interrelationships among three major factors- the perception of pregnancy, the mother -infant inter-action and the maternal attitude. The samples participated are 36 pairs of mother and infant from two university hospitals in Seoul. A data collection was made, from October in 1988 to September in 1989, for each subject at five periods of time ; prenatal period (after 36 weeks in pregnancy), postpartum two or three days, one month, three months and six months of infant's age. The research tools used in this investigation are Mother - Infant Play Interaction Scale (MIPIS), Prenatal Self- Evaluation Questionnaire and Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale. Some of the findings are as follows ; 1. There is a significant increase in the mother - infant interaction from one month to three months and six months of infant's age. The highest score of the mother - infant interaction during three periods is at the time of three months. 2. The primipara's mother -infant interaction is not affected by the demographic characteristics, such as age, education and vocation of mother, types of delivery, or sex of infant. 3. Among seven categories of the perception of pregnancy, the most positively perceived categories by primiparas are acceptance of pregnancy and identification of. a motherhood role : whereas the negative ones are preparation for labor, concern for well -being of self and baby, md fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control in order of negativity. 4. There is no significant relationship between the perception of pregnancy and the mother - infant interactions. 5. There is no significant change in the maternal attitude over the period of one month, three months, and six months of infant's age. 6. There is no significant relationship between the maternal attitude and the mother - infant interactions. 7, The significant relationships are (end between the perception of pregnancy and maternal attitude, especially in the categories of concern for well -being of self and baby, accetance of pregnancy, identification of a motherhood role, fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control, and relationship with husband. In conclusion, it is confirmed that primipara's mother-infant interactions change over time period, and that perception of pregnancy and the maternal attitude do not affect the mother-infant interactions despite a significat relationship between those two variables. The implications of this investigation include a suggestion that nurses need to teach and demonstrate to mothers how to care for and interact with their infants, with a view to improving the mother-infant interactions which can be obtained through the improvement of maternal sensitivity to their infants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.69-83
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• 2006

Nature rehabilitation has become a major theme in river management in South Korea. An analysis and evaluation of the landscape is a crucial step to select the suitable tracts for developing or conserving land use in the process of landscape planning. The purpose of this paper is to establish a hierarchical procedure for the setting of the landscape units on the various scales at which field biologists performed their observations and to select the preserves through by a suitability model for synthesizing the ecological empirical, and biophysical data. An evaluation process needs to be performed according to the landscape scales: site, local, and regional scales, at which the environmental data were collected, analyzed, and synthesized. Introducing of three level scales was crucially necessary for evaluating the various multi level ecological data for zoning of preserves in river corridors. The evaluation level at different scales are hierarchically established into three phases. The first evaluation phase can be performed by the long length units defined by the ranges of stream widths at regional scale. Secondly, each of these long units can be divided into two or more segments according to its landscape homogeneity at local level. Finally the segments at the last phase can be designated according to the location of the reservoir weirs and bridges at site level. The conceptual model components are adopted for collecting, evaluating, and interpreting the biological and abiotic data at site level. Three preserves are selected, having high potentials for being intensely managed as the Ecological Education Areas in the river. Despite a lot of assumption the results are expected to facilitate discussion and decision making about which frameworks of evaluation are desirable and adaptable for integrating the ecological data into the rehabilitation design process in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 1996

Organizational commitment is characterized by a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's goal and values ; a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization ; a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which influence the organizational commitment and to test the relationship between the clinical nurses' organizational commitment and turnover intention. The subjects were 412 nurses who were working on general wards at three General Hospitals in Chounbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Sept. 20 to Sept. 31, 1995. The instruments used in this study were Likert-type scale which were Organizational Commitment Scale by Mowday et al, and Turnover Intention Scale by Mobley et al. The questionnaire of organizational characteristics was made through reviewing literature. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with $SPSS-PC^+$ program. Major findings are as follows : 1. Mean scores for organizational commitment were 3.008 and turnover intention 3.167 on a 5 point scale. 2. Age and clinical experience were positively related to organizational commitment(r=.4806, p=.000; r=.4792, p=.000). 3. In the personal variables, hospital type(F=21.374, p=.000), education level(F=5.481, p=.001), position(F=30.867, P=.000), and marital status(t=-5.63, p=.000) of the nurses showed significant differences in organizational commitment. 4. The variables to the organizational characteristic were statistically significant in organizational commitment : formalization(r=.3458, p=.000), human-centered organizational characteristic(r=.4302, p=.000), performance- centered organizational characteristic(r=-.1502, p=.000), payment(r=.2234, p=.000), promotion(r=.2710, p=.000), benefit & service(r=.2325, p=.000), and resource inadequacy(r=-.2172, p=.000). 5. For the purpose of identifying the predicting variables in organizational commitment, stepwise multiple regression is conducted. The results show that age, human-centered organizational characteristic, formalization, hospital type, resource inadequacy, promotion, and benefit & service were significant variables and explained 46% of the variance. 6. Organizational commitment was significantly negatively correlated with turnover intention(r=-.6442, p=.000). As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, organizational commitment is the most powerful variable predicting turnover intention and explained 41.5% of the variance. In conclusion, this study shows that the higher the organizational commitment level, the lower the turnover intention. Therefore, for effective turnover management, it is important to improve the organizational commitment among clinical nurses. In order to enhance the organizational commitment by the clinical nurses, it will be useful to consider significant organizational characteristics variables identified in this study.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.512-534
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• 2016

This paper is to see what appears to be an economic crisis as urban crisis, to explore its emerging process and its major distinctive figures in the context of S. Korea, and to consider alternatives to overcome such an urban crisis. For this purpose, it first tries to show that the capitalist economic development (i.e. capital accumulation) has been stimulated and driven largely by extending investments into built environments. Then it analyzes how crises of overaccumulation, coupled with other crises such as the IMF crisis in 1997 and the financial crisis in 2008 which have been brought about by serious impacts of foreign financial capitals working on the global level, have led to accumulating of huge surplus reserves within both big companies and the central government on the one hand, increasing tremendously debts of households as well as government and private companies on the other. In particular, the debt crisis seems to be accelerated by fictitious capital generated through government's financial strategies to promote both supplies and demands in housing and property markets. There seem several ways of overcoming the urban crisis spiraled around accumulating surplus capital and increasing financial debt; raising real income, moderating investments into built environment, and increasing inputs into the fields of technology and well-being. In order to open up these ways, it is concluded, recent urban movements in terms of the right to the city are required not only to make the government and capital to do so, but also to realize interest of urban people who have produced such surplus but who are suffering from the debt crisis.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2019

Various slope protect systems are applied to the slope located around the major facility to maintain stability, and the applied these systems play an important role in protecting the structure by ensuring the safety of the slope. Reinforcement techniques ensure complete safety at the time of application to the slope, but over time, it may become difficult to secure safety. In particular, the deterioration of reinforcement systems may significantly reduce the stability of the slope. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the safety of the slope by defining the necessary items for maintenance of the protect systems and verifying them by the field expert. In this study, a group of experts were formed to determine these items and select their importance among them, and based on their data, the importance of each item was selected by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The selected items are expected to play an important role in the maintenance of reinforcement systems applied to the slope based on the survey items used by experts.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

To investigate the morphological characteristics of spermatozoa of the grey red-blacked vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus) belongings to the subfamily Cricetinae, subgenus Clethrionomys were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The sperm head of C. rufocanus was an ax or hatchet in shape with a curved single dorsal hook. The total length of C. regulus sperm was 95.8 ${\mu}m$. The length of sperm head was 7.8 ${\mu}m$, and the tail (88.0 ${\mu}m$) consisted of four major segments: the neck (1.0 ${\mu}m$), middle piece (22.0 ${\mu}m$), and principal piece plus end piece (65.0 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The segmented columns were about 10~12 in number. The number of gyres of mitochondria ranged from about 170 to 178. The post-nuclear cap occupied about a half of nucleus. The equatorial segment is located between the post-nuclear cap segment and acrosomal cap on the nuclear surface. Nos. 1, 5 and 6 of the outer dense fibers were larger than the others. A fibrous sheath and longitudinal column of the principal piece were in evidence, but the fibrous sheath was not seen at the end piece. In conclusion, the morphological structures of sperm head and tail may be useful information to patterning of sperm evolution and classifying of species.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2010

Korean Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the major cruciferous vegetables. Cruciferous vegetables contain a series of relatively unique secondary metabolites of amino acids called glucosinolates. Although glucosinolates do not appear to be bioactive, they are hydrolyzed by plant myrosinase when the cells in plants are damaged, and release biologically active compounds such as isothiocyanates, nitriles, and thiocyanates. The objective of this study was to determine the myrosinase activity and total glucosinolate levels of Korean Chinese cabbages by different salting times (0, 12, 18, and 24 h) and salt concentrations (6, 10, 14%). The total water content, salt content, and pH of brined cabbages decreased with increasing salting time. The myrosinase activity as determined by a glucose kit, decreased with increasing salting time and salt content. The total glucosinolates were purified using an anion exchange column and measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The fresh Korean Chinese cabbages contained $25.38{\pm}1.45\;{\mu}mol/g$ dry weight of glucosinolates. However, the total glucosinolates of brined cabbages decreased with increasing salting time and salt concentration. After 24 h of salting time, the total glucosinolates of brined cabbages rapidly decreased by $16.12{\pm}11.09$, $11.25{\pm}10.91$, $9.29{\pm}10.73\;{\mu}mol/g$ in 6%, 10%, and 14% salt solution, respectively. Overall, the total glucosinolate levels of Korean Chinese cabbages were found to vary inversely with salting time and salt concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 1983

Triglyceride fraction was separated from olive oil by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fractionated into four groups by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compositions of the triglycerides and fatty acids of four fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The olive oil contained higher concentrations of C-52 and C-54 triglycerides having partition numbers of 48. The fatty acid compositions of these triglycerides were mainly composed of C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids. From these results, the possible fatty acid combinations of major triglycerides of olive oil were estimated to be(3C18:1;50.6%), (1C16:0, 2C18:1;23.51%), (2C18:1, 1C18:2;5.48%), (1C18:0, 2 18:1;4.55%), (1C16:0, 1C18:1, 1C18:2;2.94%), (2C16:0, 1C18:1;2.35%), (1 C16:1, 2 C18:1;2.21%), (1C18:1, 2C18:2;1.06%), (1 C14:0, 2 C18:1;1.03%).