• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

URP primers that were derived from repetitive DNA sequence of rice weedy rice have been applied for producing PCR polymorphisms in different fungal species. URP-PCR protocol employed stringent PCR with high annealing temperature over $55^{\circ}C$ throughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving high reproducibility. Under the PCR condition, Each single URP primer produced characteristic fingerprints from diverse genomes of different fungal species, indicating its universal applicability. URP-PCR has been accessed for applicability to various fungal species with 33 genus, 142 species and 1,489 isolates. Numerous related papers have demonstrated that URP-PCR profiles of fungal species are very useful for identifying fungal species at intra and inter species levels. The results were reviewed in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.317-320
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• 2003

Morphologically similar fish species were subjected to the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using universal rice primer (URP). The fish species tested were sea basses (Lateolabrax japonicus and L. maculatus), eels (Anguilla japonica, A. bicolor bicolor, A. rostrata, and A. anguilla), and flounders (Limanda yokohamae and L. herzensteinin). Highly reproducible RAPD patterns were observed with several potential species-specific markers. The results indicate that RAPD technique using URP is useful for distinguishing fish psecies in a rapid manner.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2002

This study was carried out to develop specific primers for PCR detection of Phellinus linteus. Diverse genomes of 15 Phellinus spp. including five Phellinus linteus isolates were fingerprinted by Primer Universal rice primer(URP)1F. The URP-PCR pattern differentiated P. linteus isolates from other phellinus spp. A polymorphic band(2.8 kb), which is unique for P. linteus isolates, was isolated and sequenced. Twenty four-oligonucleotide primer pairs were designed based on information of DNA sequence. The primer set(PLSPF2/PLSPR1) amplified single band(2.2 kb) of expected size with genomic DNA from seven Phellinus linteus, but not with that of other Phellinus species tested. The primers could be used identically in both DNA samples from mycelium and fruit bodies. This specific primers could offer a useful tool for detecting and identifying P. linteus rapidly.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2015

Korean L. leiolepis of the genus Leontopodium could be discriminate from the foreign L. alpinum using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Among the 12 URP markers used for the detection, the URP-5 marker and the URP-7 marker detected polymorphic DNA bands, ranging from 400-1000 bp in the size of amplified DNA fragments.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Fifty nine strains of Agrobacterium vitis, the causal agent of crown-gall disease on grapevine, originating from different geographical regions and 16 grapevine cultivars including 35 Kyoho cultivar of Korea, were characterized by PCR polymorphic analysis using Universal Rice Primer(URP). Of 12 URP primers, primers URP1F, URP2R, URP2F, and URP4R, URP17R were available for detecting PCR polymorphic bands among the A. vitis strains. PCR polymorphic bands produced by primers URP2F and URP17R were profiled to 12 strain types. A. vitis strains originated from Kyoho cultivar of grapevine showed relatively simple genetic diversify of the four PCR types, while the A. vitis strains originated from other grapevine cultivars and type culture strains showed various genetic diversity with 8 types. Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic mean(UPGMA) cluster analysis using the URP-PCR polymorphic bands showed 59.4. vitis strains are genetically clustered into large seven groups.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2011

This study was carried out to identify the genetic characteristics among isolates of Paecilomyces spp.and Cordyceps spp. by URP-PCR analysis. Twenty URP (universal rice primer) primers of 20 mer which were designed from repetitive sequence of rice, were used for producing PCR DNA fingerprints of the mushrooms. Of them, 5 URP primers, URP2F, URP2R, URP9F, URP4R, and URP17R amplified genomic DNA of the mushrooms with polymorphic PCR patterns. On isolates of Cordyceps militaris, primers URP1F, URP2R, URP6R and URP17R produced PCR polymorphic bands of 4 types. Isolates of Cordypces sp. that are isolated from different area of Korea were identical to isolate of C. militaris, while other species of Cordypces were different to the PCR profiles. However, the URP primers did not identify the polymorphism of PCR profile on isolates of P. japonica.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 1998

This study was carried out to develop DNA probe for specific detection of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Universal rice primer (URP, 20 mer) developed from repetitive sequence of rice was applied for producing PCR DNA fingerprints of Erwinis spp. In E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains, primer URP2F amplyfied polymorphic bands which are distinguisable from other Erwinia spp. A PCR band of 0.6 kb selected from PCr polymorphic bands of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains was cloned and evaluated as a diagnostic DNA probe. Among 28 bacterial strains including 22 Erwinia spp, the probe (pECC2F) only hybridized to total DNAs from e. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains and E. carotovora subsp. wasabiae, but sizes of hybridized bands were different between these subspecies, 10.0 kb and 3.5 kb respectively. In dot blot assays using probe pECC2F, as few as 103 colony forming units (CFU) of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora could be detected in a suspension containing about 1$\times$103 CFU of soil bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2008

To distinct the commercial strains in Pleurotus spp., 81 strains in eight Pleurotus species were used. DNA fingerprinting using URP-PCR was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationships among Pleurotus strains. DNA profiles of Pleurotus species obtained by twelve URP primers were analyzed for genetic similarity by NTSYS program. We could divide strains into ten clusters, in which three of them belong to P. ostreatus and the others to the different species, respectively. At the 76% similarity level, 70 P. ostreatus strains were distinguished into three clusters. Cluster I contained 35 strains and some of them showed almost 100% similarity, one strain closely related to Weonhyeong and six strains closely related to Wangheukpyeong. In cluster II, twenty-one out of 23 strains showed 100% to Suhan. Cluster III contained twelve strains, including six strains closely related to Chunchu-2. The results suggested that there are many same strains with different names in mushroom spawn market.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2001

Allium is one of the largest genera, which has more than 700 species. PCR by URP (universal rice primer) primers was carried out to get phylogenetic information on 26 species, 62 accessions of subgenus Rhizirideum. The accessions were divided into seven groups at 0.76 similarity level. A. tuberosum (Chinese chives) and A. ramosum represented high similarity of 0.91. A. montanum, A. nutans, A. senescens, A. libani, A. odorum, A. austrosibiricum, and A. narcissiflorium grouped at 0.80 similarity. Some of the wild species, such as A. prostratum, A. polyrhizum, A. odorum, and A. mongolicum, showed different band patterns according to polyploidy, occurrence of B-chromosome, collection site, and origin.

• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2004

Molecular approaches, internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA, and Universal Rice Primer Polymerase Chain Reaction(URP-PCR) were used to investigate the genetic diversity, taxonomic complexity, and relationships of Trichoderma species in mushroom farms. Forty-one isolates of 13 Trichoderma spp. were used in this study and clustered into eight groups. The DNA fingerprint patterns and ITS1 region sequence alignment data showed similar results, but not in some species, such as T. virens, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, and T. aureoviride. Results of this study have proven that the morphology-based taxonomic system has some limitations in terms of classification. The data obtained in this study would be a good index for classifying indistinguishable Trichoderma strains.