• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

The standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was consist of a standard and universal work classification. However, these constructional methods have created a number of problems in utilizing and responding on a variety of recently-developed working methods such as new constructional skills and technologies. This research decided that presenting the amendments of work classification of a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was very important, and investigated those work classifications which required these new amendments. First of all, assessment items were selected through the literature reviews and a preliminary survey. Then, these assessment items were surveyed to the total of 60 professional landscape architecture field. The results of this study were as follows; First, the utilization level of the a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was highest in the area of work classification of planting unit manpower and material. Second, the work classifications that needed to be added were recognized as leveling the ground construction, landscape structure construction, paving construction, water facilities construction, and outdoor facilities construction. Third, in the field of the a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction, 66.7% of the respondents replied that some amendments were necessary, and those amendments needed work classifications were identified as work classification of planting unit manpower and material was gigantic plant, topiary tree, temporary planting, exchange dead tree, etc. In the area of digging out was gigantic plant and plastic tree were recognized. The survey respondents also answered that, in keeping and management work classifications some amendments in pruning waste were necessary, and in the fields of rubble masonry work classifications some improvements were required in rubble aperture planting unit manpower and material and sodding and herbaceous sowing was a realistic lawn size unit manpower and material was needed. Based on the results explained above, this study suggests that amendments for a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction are necessary, especially in the areas of planting size and quality of work classifications unit manpower and material and in the unit manpower and material that affects the quality of lands caping constructions.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.284-292
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and understanding the nature of the shift workers' experience in industries requiring 24 hours-a-day service provision and support. For the Purpose, the present researcher made a research Question, "What are workers' experience in the shift work?" Methods: In the study, 5 male shift workers, 3 female shift worker and a woman (key informant) whose husband is a shift worker participated. Then profound interviews with the participants were made after their agreement. Results: The researcher classified the significant statements under 6 theme clusters, 1) sense of difference; 2) worries about health; 3) draining of emotion; 4) anxiety; 5) sadness; and 6) being comfortable. Conclusions: Shift work which is inevitable in modern society may have severe influences on shift workers' physical, mental and psychological aspects by causing their work cycle rhythm to be unbalanced. Finally, the researcher hopes that the results of the study would help understand workers' life and increase social concern and support to the workers.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.488-496
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• 2019

The estimation of block erection work time at a dock is one of the important factors when establishing or managing the total shipbuilding schedule. In order to predict the work time, it is a natural approach that the existing block erection data would be used to solve the problem. Generally the work time per unit is the product of coefficient value, quantity, and product value. Previously, the work time per unit is determined statistically by unit load data. However, we estimate the work time per unit through work time coefficient value from series ships using machine learning. In machine learning, the outcome depends mainly on how the training data is organized. Therefore, in this study, we use 'Feature Engineering' to determine which one should be used as features, and to check their influence on the result. In order to get the coefficient value of each block, we try to solve this problem through the Ensemble learning methods which is actively used nowadays. Among the many techniques of Ensemble learning, the final model is constructed by Stacking Ensemble techniques, consisting of the existing Ensemble models (Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boost, Square Loss Gradient Boost, XG Boost), and the accuracy is maximized by selecting three candidates among all models. Finally, the results of this study are verified by the predicted total work time for one ship among the same series.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the automatic cutting mechanism of the perforation pipes in an automobile muffler. This cutting mechanism makes continuous work possible, because it performs the batch work via the sequential operation of loading, feeding, cutting, and discharging. The proposed cutting mechanism consists of the frame unit, escape unit, turning unit, feeding unit, vision system, clamping unit, spindle/cutting unit and cooling unit. And, these mechanisms have been modularized through mechanical, dynamical and structural optimized design using the SMO (SimDesigner Motion) analysis module. Also, the virtual prototype was carried out using the 3-D CAD program. The cutting process cycle is performed in the order of loading, vision processing, feeding, clamping, cutting and discharging. And the cycle time for cutting one piece was designed to be completed in four seconds.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.341-350
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• 2000

This study was conducted to develop a control unit for a tying device of a variable chamber round baler. The work process of the tying device was thoroughly analyzed and the control sequence was established according to the work process. Based on this control sequence, a control unit using an 8 bit microprocessor AT 89C52 as a CPU was developed. The driving circuit to control the actuator motion was developed and the PWM method was used to regulate the velocity of the actuator. On the front panel of the control unit, indicators were also installed to show the operations being conducted. A prototype of the developed control unit was manufactured and tested. A total of 50 complete cycles of the control sequence was repeated and no failure was observed. It was evaluated that the developed control unit has an excellent performance and can be used practically for variable chamber round balers.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

A study wish to present relation of safety characteristic deployment, which has the safety demand, safety characteristic, protection characteristic, safety regulation, safety education of unit work process. Safety characteristic deployment will be used in safety management education system design with a method of safety management system construction of unit work process.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Safety check-up and individual education, safety status wishes to present included safety assessment table for safety management assessment system construction about unit work process in Study. Safety management assessment table gives each grades about worker of unit work process, safety check-up, education, management and identifies merits and demerits of unit work process, it is that propose safety management assessment system that can reduce accident occurrence possibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

Since the 2000s, the demand for private demolition works has been gradually increasing as the apartment housing market has been led by redevelopment and reconstruction. In the case of the military, the Ministry of National Defense is consolidating troops from each military unit to reorganize the unit structure in accordance with Defense Reform 2.0; the plan includes reducing the garrison used by each unit to 70% of its current level. Accordingly, the demand for demolition work in the military is also expected to increase. However, the military regulations do not reflect the relevant laws that have been revised recently. This study identifies regulations and system improvements for demolition work suitable for the military based on an analysis of accident cases that have occurred during demolition work, of domestic and foreign laws and regulations related to military demolition work, and of the problems with current military safety management at each stage of planning, design, and construction. The study subsequently proposes improvements for military demolition work, including budget execution adjustment, the establishment of training courses, on-site inspections, the development of guidelines for military demolition work, the provision of risk assessment standards, and the need for the qualification of equipment operators.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Purpose: The repair would require to conserve and improve the building function and performance since built. Each household is responsible for maintaining the public facilities and paying the required cost. Therefore, it needs to get the tool or method to forecast the required cost in the future. Before the repair cost is provided, it needs to catch the repair cost distribution and provide the unit cost for the repair cycle. In this study, it aimed at providing the repair cost unit and analyzing the repair cost distribution in a roof proofing work, elevator work and building painting, which are divided into a fully work and partly change. Results of this study are shown that first, the average repair cost for roof proofing work is provided with $166.59{\times}10^3won/household$ and $1.59{\times}10^3won/m^2$ of a full change, $33.22{\times}10^3won/household$ and $0.33{\times}10^3won/m^2$ for a partly work. In addition, elevator work is $557.45{\times}10^3won/household$ and $5.38{\times}10^3won/m^2$ for a full change, $32.92{\times}10^3won/household$ and $0.56{\times}10^3won/m^2$ for a partly repair. Painting has a $304.48{\times}10^3won/household$ and $2.94{\times}10^3won/m^2$. Second, the distribution pattern of repair unit cost has a weibull-typed distribution which has a long tail to the right.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.25-34
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• 2000

When concrete is placed underwater, it is diluted with separating cementitious material and as a result the quality of concrete becomes poor. To solve this problem, antiwashout underwater concrete is increasingly used for the construction and repair of the concrete structure underwater. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of antiwashout underwater concrete as to the mix proportion, casting and curing water through experimental researches. The unit weight of water and cement, water-cement ratio, fine aggregate ratio, unit weight of antiwashout underwater agent and superplasticizer, and casting and curing water were chosen to measure the suspended solids, pH, air contents, slump flow, unit weight of hardened concrete, and compressive strength. From this study, the incremental modulus at mix proportion design and unit weight of antiwashout underwater agent were increased more than fresh water, and it is a optimum mix proportion that the unit weight of water(and cement) is 230kg/$\textrm{m}^3$(460kg/$\textrm{m}^3$), waterOcement ratio is 50%, fine aggregate ratio is 40%, unit weight of antiwashout underwater agent is 1.2% of water contents per unit weight of concrete, and unit weight of supeplasticizer is 2.5% of cement contents per unit weight of concrete when the antiwashout underwater concrete is used for the underwater work of ocean.