• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.598-607
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• 2010

One of constraints in the application of unit-load method to estimate non-point pollution loads in the total water pollutant load management system (TWPLMS) is the limited numbers of applicable unit-loads. Since only 7 unit-loads are currently available for total 28 land-use categories in the national land register data, each unit-loads inevitably have to represent several land-use categories regardless of their actual land coverage characteristics. As a way to minimize the problem, this study suggested a nested application of the available unit-loads based on the analysis of high resolution aerial images taken in the Kyeongan watershed. Statistical analysis of three selected land-use categories such as school, apartment complex, and golf course showed that there exit significant (95% confidence level) relationships between the registered land-uses and actual land coverages. The school and apartment complex currently considered as 100% ground have only 65% and 80% of ground characteristics, respectively. Golf course, which is considered as 100% pasture, has about 5% of ground area. This indicates that the unit-load method using in TWPLMS can give over estimated non-point pollutant loads for the school and apartment complex (19.8~54.4%) but under estimation for the golf course (80.9%).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1989년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.531-534
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• 1989

In this paper, the way that input voltage and input line current as a control variable is provided as one unit is projected. Till no, have denied with three phase balanced load. But, in that case, total power factor compensation is difficult, for to control each phase at unbalanced load. Therefor, in this paper suggest of the scheme that three phase unbalanced load is controlled by each phase and input total power factor is compensated unit input factor. therefore, in this paper suggest that three phase unbalanced load is controlled and the method in compensation of unit input factor to be attended by unbalanced load. Besides, the object of control is calculating quantity for input voltage and input line current for the point at issuse make to improve of control method at unbalanced load. As a result, control system of each phase could maintain as a unit input total power factor has been state diviation error of 2% with unbalanced load.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.407-419
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• 2015

본 연구는 영산강 수계 1지점과 섬진강 수계 1지점의 논 유출수 4년간 유량과 수질 모니터링 자료를 이용하여 원단위 산정방법에 따른 원단위 차이를 비교하였다. 원단위 산정방법은 실측부하량을 이용한 방법, 국립환경과학원의 새로운 원단위 산정 방법(NIER 방법), EMC 확률분포모형 중앙값을 이용한 방법, 산술평균 EMC와 산술평균 유출율을 이용한 방법을 활용하였다. 원단위 산정방법별 차이를 살펴본 결과 실측부하량을 이용한 방법과 NIER 방법의 원단위는 서로 비슷한 값을 보였지만, 확률분포모형(Lognormal, Gamma)을 이용한 원단위는 상대적으로 작게 나타났다. 한편 산술평균 EMC와 유출율을 이용하여 산정된 원단위는 NIER 방법보다 원단위가 크게 산정되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 NIER 방법의 원단위는 1995에 조사된 환경부 원단위에 비해 BOD, COD, SS는 큰 값을 T-N은 작은값을, T-P는 비슷한 값을 산정되는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2009

This paper provides the engineer with a simple design method dealing with situations arise where in-situ reinforced concrete joints are cast between hollow core units. Using finite element method, hollow core slabs with wide in-situ RC joints under point load and line loads are analysed. In addition, some important behavioural characteristics of the floor slab subjected to line and point loads are investigated. In-situ reinforced concrete joint causes reduction of load distribution for remote units because distance to the remote units from the point of load is increased, while the portion of load distribution carried by loaded unit increases. Also, it was turned out load distribution factors for point load and line loads are almost same. Finally, we suggest a simple analytical method, which can determine load distribution factors using normalized deflections by regression analysis for design purposes.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2024

Recurrent Neural Network technology that learns past patterns and predicts future patterns using technology for recognizing and classifying objects is being applied to various industries, economies, and languages. And research for practical use is making a lot of progress. However, research on the application of Recurrent Neural Networks for evaluating and predicting the safety of mechanical structures is insufficient. Accurate detection of external load applied to the outside is required to evaluate the safety of mechanical structures. Learning of Recurrent Neural Networks for this requires a large amount of load data. This study applied the Gated Recurrent Unit technique to examine the possibility of load learning and investigated the possibility of applying a stacked Auto Encoder as a way to secure load data. In addition, the usefulness of learning mechanical loads was analyzed with the Gated Recurrent Unit technique, and the basic setting of related functions and parameters was proposed to secure accuracy in the recognition and prediction of loads.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 기저유출을 고려한 관측 자료 기반 오염부하량을 이용하여 비점오염 유출특성과 신규 원단위의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 금강 수계 주원천 유역의 9개 강우사상을 대상으로 디지털 필터 기법을 이용하여 유출성분을 분리하고 수치적분법을 적용하여 비점오염부하량을 산정하였다. 연구결과 비점오염 평균 기여율은 BOD 31.34%, T-N 58.94%, T-P 50.42%로 BOD의 경우 기저유출의 영향이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 신 원단위를 적용한 오염부하량이 구 원단위를 적용한 경우에 비해 관측부하량에 근접하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 효율적인 유역의 수질관리를 위해서는 직접유출에 따른 오염부하뿐만 아니라 기저유출에 따른 오염부하 관리도 필요함을 의미한다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.591-596
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• 2002

This Paper Presents a new methodology for Direct Load Control(DLC) and Unit Commitment. To consider economical effect of DLC, we developed 3-Dimensional dynamic programming which can combine unit commitment and DLC. Traditional dynamic programming has 2-Dimensional which consist of state and stage, but newly developed dynamic programming has DLC state, U.C. state, and stage. As a result, economical DLC and unit commitment schedule of the power system is possible. This method is applied to the test system, and the usefulness of the method is verified.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

Peak load rate(i.e., maximum daily flow/average daily flow) has not been considered for industrial water demand planning in Korea to date, while area unit method based on average daily flow has been applied to decide capacity of industrial water treatment plants(WTPs). Designers of industrial WTPs has assumed that peak load would not exist if operation rate of factories in industrial sites were close to 100%. However, peak load rates were calculated as 1.10~2.53 based on daily water flow from 2009 to 2014 for 9 industrial WTPs which have been operated more than 9 years(9-38 years). Furthermore, average operation rates of 9 industrial WTPs was less than 70% which means current area unit method has tendency to overestimate water demand. Therefore, it is not reasonable to consider peak load for the calculation of water demand under current area unit method application to prevent overestimation. However, for the precise future industrial water demand calculation more precise data gathering for average daily flow and consideration of peak load rate are recommended.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.337-340
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• 2000

In this paper, the effects of the uncertain hourly load demand are stochastically analyzed especially by the consideration of the average over generation of the Unit Commitment(UC) results. In order to minimize the effects of the actual load profile change, a new UC algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm calculates the UC results with the lower load level than the one generated by the conventional load forecast. In case of the worse load forecast, the deviation of the conventional UC solution can be overcome with the lower load level and the more hourly reserve requirements. The proposed method is tested with sample systems, which shows that the proposed method can be used as the basic guideline for selecting the potimal load forecast applying to UC problem.

• 전기의세계
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.8-17
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• 1965

Firstly, this study has analyzed the following factors affecting the optimum specifications and design of distributive transformers: 1. Facilities installation cost per unit power output. 2. Facilities operating & maintenance cost per unit power output. 3. Production cost per unit power output. 4. Load factor. 5. Loss factor. Secondly, it has clarified the relations between the following factors and the specifications and design of distributive transformers; 1. No-load loss., 2. Load loss., 3. Voltage regulation., 4. Exciting current. Finally, it has determined the method of the most economic design for the transformers using the above factors and relations, and, for optimum the illustrative purpose, suggested their optimum specifications, way of evaluation, and merits by means of typical example.