• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to understand the unique characteristics of decoration style in traditional Javanese houses. Reviewing literature and visiting site were applied as the research method. Javanese House can be divided into three parts; roof, wall and floor. First, the roof of the traditional Javanese House is the most unique and important decorative element. The roofs are covered with roof-tiles and have clay carving ornaments on top. Usually there are no ceilings, just exposed to the oblique shape roof, which are made of wood to enable air ventilation. Joglo roof is the outstanding and representative roof type of Javanese houses. There is artistic and constructive roof structure named as tumpang sari in Joglo roof. The decoration on tumpang sari is the most colorful and symbolic ornaments. Secondly, the most unique element in the wall is the gebyok. Gebyok is made of wood and full of carved ornament, which has an artistic appearance, and also important function. The top part of doors are designed as perforated woodcarving, which give both aesthetic and ventilation purposes. Last, the stratified floor is begin with ground yard, then veranda that made from hardened clay, and main room constituted with a wood scaffold to provide air circulation and remove the humidity of the ground. The decorations of the column stand (umpak) are unique, where usually lotus flower is carved into black stone or lime stone. The outside of the buildings in Java Houses is not decorated by colors or symbols, whereas colors are only used in temples, pavilion or in royal housings. Instead they have carvings and decorations on important structural elements such as columns and beams inside. The ornaments and colors of decorations symbolize their god, ancestors and piece.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.2392-2400
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• 2015

무선 저전력 통신과 매쉬 네트워크 기술로 대표되는 Zigbee 표준 기술은 스마트 홈과 스마트 빌딩, 대규모 센서 네트워크 등의 환경에서 Ad hoc 방식에 의하여 통신거리 확장을 목표로 개발되어왔다. 또한 Zigbee 표준 기술은 기본적으로 IEEE 802.15.4 표준 기술을 기반으로 개발되었으며, 네트워크를 구성하는 전체 노드는 IEEE에서 정의하는 48bit의 Unique한 노드 주소를 사용하여 매쉬 통신을 구성한다. 하지만 스마트 라이팅이나 넓은 지역의 센서 네트워크와 같이 광범위한 지역을 대상으로 동작하는 Zigbee 환경에서는 매우 많은 수의 노드가 필요하고 경우에 따라 설치를 담당하는 시공사가 다를 수 있으며, 이 경우 많은 수의 노드에 대하여 Unique한 노드 ID를 제공하기 힘들 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 고에서는 넓은 지역에 대규모로 설치되는 많은 노드들에 대하여 각각의 Personal Coordinator 들이 해쉬 기반으로 동적 PANID를 설정하고, 이에 따라 발생될 수 있는 PANID 충돌 문제를 해결하는 기법을 제안하며 이에 대한 성능을 검증한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2001

One of the innate immune reactions in invertebrates is the pro-phenoloxidase (pro-PO) activation system that is involved in the generation of superoxide, melanin synthesis, and the subsequent sequestration of foreign matter entering the hemocoel of the invertebrates. However, the molecular mechanism of this biological reaction is still obscure. To expand our understanding of the biological roles of the pro-PO activation system in invertebrates, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening by using three regions of pro-PO as bait and a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library from Tenebrio molitor larvae as prey We isolated a novel partial cDNA clone that encodes a glycine-rich protein that interacted with the active phenoloxidase (termed phenoloxidase interacting protein, POIP). POIP consists of two domains: One is an N-terminal unique domain and the other is a C-terminal glycine-rich domain. The C-terminal glycine-rich domain showed sequential homology with those of insect antifungal proteins. Also, the yeast two-hybrid screen in a reverse orientation (using POIP as bait) yielded PO, suggesting that the PO-POIP interaction is specific. By using a 315 bP PCR fragment of the N-terminal unique region of POIP, we cloned the full-length cDNA of POIP from the Tenebruo cDNA library constructed by using E. coli injected larvae. The interaction analysis between PO, and a truncated fragment lacking the N-terminal unique region of POIP, indicated that the N-terminal unique region is necessary for interaction between PO and POIP. The expression level of the POIP mRNA is increased by bacterial injection into T. molitor larvae. This suggests that POIP might be engaged in the humoral defense reaction.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

We used serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) approach to derive a profile of expressed genes of the posterior silk glands (PSG) and to create a reference for understanding gene cluster related to the mechanism of silk protein synthesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We constructed a 3' SAGE library from the PSG of the fifth instar larvae of the silkworm. In total we obtained 2,406 SAGE tags, of which 682 were unique tags. Sorted by tag count number, 27 (4%) unique tags were significantly more abundant genes (ten or more times), whereas 445 (65%) unique tags were detected as single copies. The annotation of 682 unique SAGE tags revealed that 462 (68%) of the SAGE tag sequences represented known genes, whereas 220 (32%) of the tag sequences had no matches in SAGE map and silkworm EST databases. Of the 682 SAGE tags, the most abundant tag sequences were that of the fibroin light chain gene and the silk protein P25. In addition, we compared two relative abundance results of the SAGE and the EST approaches to verify whether their transcript quantitative aspects are significant or not. The comparative results of relative abundances of the fibroin H-, L- chain and P25 glycoprotein genes indicated that the quantitative approach based on SAGE tags is effective for quantitative cataloging and comparison of expressed genes in same organs. The SAGE tag information reported in this study would be useful for researchers in the field to analyze genes associated with silk processing mechanisms of insects.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

The purposes of the study were to explore differences in preference for clothing images according to wearing situations and clothing product involvement. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher and was collected by 101 men and 100 women aged between 40 and 59. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, repeated measure ANOVA, t-test adjusted by Bonferroni, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test. The results of the study showed that clothing images were classified into five factors including hard cold image, modern urban image, bold unique image, and heavy luxurious image. There were significant differences in preference among clothing images according to wearing situations and clothing product involvement. While modern urbane image was most preferred, hard cold image was least preferred in both formal and informal wearing situations, and for either high or low involvement clothing products. Also, there were significant differences in clothing image preference according to wearing situations and product involvement. In formal situations, stronger preference for modern urban image and heavy luxurious image showed than in informal situations, and bold unique image and heavy luxurious image were more preferred for high involvement clothing product than for low involvement clothing product. In addition, there were significant differences in preferences for clothing images between groups according to gender and age. In both formal and informal situations, men showed stronger preferences than women for hard cold image, but women for bold unique image. For either high or low involvement clothing products, men preferred hard cold image, modern urban image and heavy luxurious image more than women, but women preferred bold unique image more than men. Lastly, for high involvement clothing product, subjects aged fifties showed stronger preferences than forties for modern urban image and heavy luxurious image, but for low involvement clothing product, modern urban image was more preferred.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2003

One of the major issues in current on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks is the high resource consumed by route discovery traffic. In these protocols, flooding is typically used by the source to broadcast a route request (RREQ) packet in search of a route to the destination. Such network-wide flooding potentially disturbs many nodes unnecessarily by querying more nodes than is actually necessary, leading to rapid exhaustion of valuable network resources such as wireless bandwidth and battery power. In this paper, a simple optimization technique for efficient route discovery is proposed. The technique proposed herein is location-based and can be used in conjunction with the existing Location-Aided Routing (LAR) scheme to further reduce the route discovery overhead. A unique feature of our technique not found in LAR and most other protocols is the selective use of unicast instead of broadcast for route request/query transmission made possible by a novel reuse of routing and location information. We refer to this new optimization as the UNIQUE (UNIcast QUEry) technique. This paper studies the efficacy of UNIQUE by applying it to the route discovery of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. In addition, a comparative study is made with a DSR protocol optimized with only LAR. The results show that UNIQUE could further reduce the overall routing overhead by as much as 58% under highly mobile conditions. With less congestion caused by routing traffic, the data packet delivery performance also improves in terms of end-to-end delay and the number of data packets successfully delivered to their destinations.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1715-1720
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• 2016

다가올 5세대 이동통신 시스템에서 전력효율과 스펙트럼 효율을 향상시키기 위한 여러 가지 기술들이 제안되고 있다. 4세대 이동통신 시스템과 마찬가지로 5세대 이동통신 또한 다중반송파 기반의 변조기술이 많이 연구 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 기술 중에 DFT-s-OFDM(Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)기반의 Zero-tail DFT-s-OFDM과 UW(Unique Word)-DFT-s-OFDM 시스템의 구조를 기존 시스템과 분석한다. 두 시스템은 기존 시스템에서 각각 zero와 UW를 심볼에 추가하고 CP(Cyclic Prefix)를 제거한다. 시스템의 특성을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인해본 결과, Zero-tail DFT-s-OFDM과 UW-DFT-s-OFDM 시스템이 DFT-s-OFDM 시스템에 비해서 CP길이 만큼 시간 자원을 더 적게 소모하며 OOB(Out of Band) 전력이 약 11dB 정도 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 살펴봤을 때, Zero-tail DFT-s-OFDM과 UW-DFT-s-OFDM 시스템은 DFT-s-OFDM 시스템에 비해서 더 효과적임을 확인 할 수 있다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2009

휴대 단말의 응용프로그램 개발은 서비스에 대한 내용 구현과 함께 사용자에게 가시적인 UI 스타일도 중요한 부분에 해당한다. 이것은 단순히 사용자 조작의 편의성을 위한 것일 뿐만 아니라 차후 사용자의 인식에 따라 휴대 단말의 특정 제조사나 벤더의 마케팅에 영향을 줄 수 있는 큰 요인으로 작용될 수 있다. 일반적으로 좋은 UI 스타일을 생성하기 위해서, 응용 프로그램의 개발은 다수의 개발자들 사이에 일관성이 유지되어야 하며, 때로는 독자적인 스타일의 반영이 요구 되는데, 이것을 실현하기 위해서는 단순히 응용프로그램의 자체 개발만으로는 해결하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서 우리는 휴대 단말에 포함될 응용프로그램 전반에 걸친 일관성 있으면서도 독자적인 UI 스타일을 생성할 수 있는 그래픽 미들웨어를 설계를 제안한다. 이 미들웨어를 통하여 자신만의 고유한 UI 스타일을 가지는 응용프로그램 개발이 가능하게 된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2008

Despite the fact that chogakpos are part of our wonderful Kyubang(the women's quarters in the Chosun Dynasty) culture with their own unique beauty and artistic values, there has been no scientific and objective proof of their aesthetic values. Once they are proved for their beauty through scientific analysis, they will be recognized worldwide along with our unique culture. The methodology included a review of related literature and theses along with magazines, periodicals, and Internet books. The analysis of lines parting, the dimensions of chogakpos were carried out over 108 pieces introduced in Old Pojagis by Heo Dong-hwa. As for line parting, the dimensions of chogakpos were measured to see if the golden and Geumgang ratio could be applied and to discover their unique partition ratio. As a result, there was the presence of the golden ratio applied to them with the golden curves from golden triangles and rectangles also found therein. The Yeoijumunbo confirmed that there was the golden ratio between the radius of a circle and a side of a regular decagon inscribed in the circle. The common line ratio among the squares, isosceles triangles, wanes, and overlapping rectangles was around 1:1.31, which means that there was a unique line ratio in the traditional chogakpos. Furthermore, the ratio of 1:1.31 was close to the Geumgang ratio commonly used in the traditional buildings of Korea.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.10
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the surrounding and underlying shades' effect on the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer. Materials and Methods: Cylinder specimens (1.0 mm thick) were built with the Vittra APS Unique composite, surrounded (dual specimens) or not (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens were also built only with the control composites. Each specimen's color was measured against white and black backgrounds or the simple control specimens with a spectrophotometer (CIELAB system). The whiteness index for dentistry (WI_D) and translucency parameters (TP₀₀) were calculated for simple specimens. Differences (ΔE₀₀) in color between the simple/dual specimens and the controls were calculated. The CAP was calculated based on the ratios between data from simple and dual specimens. Results: The Vittra APS Unique composite showed higher WID and TP₀₀ values than the controls. The highest values of ΔE₀₀ were observed among simple specimens. The color measurements of Vittra APS Unique (simple or dual) against the control specimens presented the lowest color differences. Only surrounding the single-shade composite with a shaded composite barely impacted the ΔE₀₀. The highest CAP values were obtained using a shaded composite under simple or dual specimens. Conclusions: The CAP of Vittra APS Unique was strongly affected by the underlying shade, while surrounding this composite with a shaded one barely affected its color adjustment.